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GVHD. Phm Thnh L SVTT. ng Th Kim Loan
NHN XT CA CNG TY
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NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN
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MC LC Trang
Xy ra trong qu trnh thanh trng, bo qun v vn chuyn: ..................26- hp h hng do sai thao tc thit b thanh trng: trong giai on cui
ca qu trnh thanh trng, nu gim p sut hi qu nhanh, gy ra hin tng
cng phng hp, hp c th b bin dng, h mi ghp l do p sut trong hpc to ra chnh lch vi p sut bn ngoi qu nhiu. ...................................26
LI M U
Rau qu l thc n thit yu ca con ngi, n cung cp nhiu vitamin v
khong cht cn thit. Gluxit ca rau qu ch yu l thnh phn ng d tiu
ha, ngoi ra rau qu cn cung cp nhiu cht x Do , trong khu phn n
th rau qu khng th thiu c.
nc ta vi kh hu nhit i gi ma l iu kin rt thun li trng
nhiu loi cy n qu nhit i nh da, xoi, u , thanh long, chm chm
tn dng c ngun nguyn liu phong ph ca tnh nh v gp phn
lm a dng sn phm ch bin t rau qu, cng ty C phn Rau qu Tin Giang
c gng n lc nghin cu sn xut ra nhiu mt hng nh nc ung,
hp, nc c c nhm tha mn nhu cu ngy cng cao ca ngi tiu dng.
Qua nhiu nm hot ng, hin nay cng ty c bit n nh mt cngty ch bin rau qu hng u khu vc ng bng sng Cu Long vi nhiu sn
phm: hp da, cocktail, da c c, thch da, mng trec a chung
th trng trong v ngoi nc.
Cng ty c h thng qun l cht lng theo tiu chun quc t ISO
9001:2000 c t chc QMS (c) chng nhn vo thng 09/2000 v ang
trong qu trnh xy dng h thng HACCP. Nhng tiu chun ny s gip m
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bo rng sn phm ca cng ty khng ch p ng nhu cu ca khch hng c v
an ton v cht lng thc phm.
LI CM N
Li u tin em xin chn thnh gi li cm n n qu Thy, C khoa
Cng ngh Trng i hc Tin Giang v Ban Gim c Cng ty Rau qu Tin
Giang to mi iu kin cho em vo thc tp ti cng ty.
Trong nhng ngy thc tp ti cng ty gip cho em c tham quan v
hc hi thm mt s kinh nghim thc t qu bu.
Em xin chn thnh cm n cc Thy C hng dn quan tm v ng
vin em sut thi gian em thc tp.
Em xin chn thnh cm n Ban Gim c cng ton th C, Ch v ccAnh, Ch trong cng ty tn tnh hng dn v ch dy cho em trong nhng
ngy em thc tp.
Cui cng, em xin chc qu Thy, C khoa Cng ngh Trng i hc
Tin Giang v Ban Gim c, cng ton th cng nhn vin cng ty Rau qu
Tin Giang lun di do sc khe, v thnh cng trong cng vic.
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1.1. GII THIU NH MY
1.1.1. Qu trnh hnh thnh
- Cng ty thnh lp vo nm 1977 tin thn l x nghip Rau qu lnh ng.
- Nm 1986 x nghip sp nhp vi nng trng Tn Lp mang tn mi l x
nghip Lin Hip Xut Khu Rau qu.
- n nm 1999 i tn thnh cng ty Rau qu Tin Giang.
- Thng 3/2006 i tn thnh cng ty C phn Rau qu Tin Giang vchuyn t hnh thc s hu nh nc sang cng ty c phn.
1.1.2. Gii thiu v cng ty
Cng ty c phn Rau Qu Tin Giang:
- Tn giao dch quc t: VEGETIGI (Tien Giang Vegetables and Fruits Joint-
Stock Company)
- Tr s chnh: Km 1977, quc l 1A, x Long nh, huyn Chu Thnh,
tnh Tin Giang.
- in thoi : 0733 834508 0733 834676
- Fax : 0733 834497
- Email : vegetigi@vnn.vn
- Website : www.vegetigi.com.vn
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- Cng ty c thnh lp t nm 1977 v sau hn 30 nm hot ng cng ty
tr thnh mt trong nhng doanh nghip chuyn sn xut v ch bin rau qu
hng u ti Vit Nam. Hin nay cng ty ang s hu mt ngun lc tim nng
di do vi i ng cn b cng nhn vin tr, nhit tnh, trnh v on kt,
cng vi thit b my mc tin tin nh: dy chuyn nc qu c c ca Cng
ha Lin Bang c, nh my ng lnh IQF ca Anh v nhiu my mc thit b
t ng v bn t ng. c bit hn na l c vng nguyn liu chuyn canh
cy da 3500 hecta do cng ty t u t v thu hoch. V th v sn phm ca
cng ty ngy cng c bit n qua cht lng v s a dng v chng loi.
1.1.3. Nng Sut
- Nh my ch bin nc qu c c v pur: vi thit b hin i nhp t
c cng sut 5000 tn/nm.
- Nh my hp: cng sut 8000 tn/nm.
- Nh my ng lnh rau qu: cng sut 2000 tn/nm.
1.1.4. Cc sn phm ca cng ty
Cng ty c khong 32 sn phm c sn xut di hnh thc ng hp,
ng lnh, nc p ng lon, c c v pur. Cng ty mnh dn nghin cu
v a vo th trng mt s sn phm mi nh: vi ng hp, nha am ng
lnh, pur nhu, c rt Tuy nhin, hu ht cc sn phm ch lc u c ch
bin t da.
1.1.4.1. Cc loi qu ng hp:
- Da khoanh mini, khoanh thng, ming nh, r qut, khc
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- Chm chm nhn da, chm chm ng.
- Cocktail cc loi, nm rm, bp non, bp ht, nha am v rau qu ng
hp khc.
1.1.4.2. Nc qu c c v pur:
Da c c, pur: i, xoi, mng cu, sri, thanh long v tc ... vi 100%
tri cy t nhin khng thm ph gia v ng gi v trng.
1.1.4.3. Rau qu ng lnh:
Da, xoi, i, u , chm chm, da hu, nm rm, mngng lnh
IQF.
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1.1.4.4. Tri cy ti:
Da, thanh long, bi, xoi .
- Ngoi th trng trong nc ra, cc sn
phm trn u c xut khu sang cc nc: Thu S, c, B, H Lan,
Bungari, Hungari, Nga, i Loan, Singapore, Nht, M .
- Vi s n lc vn ln khng ngng nhm p ng nhu cu ngy cng
cao ca khch hng trong v ngoi nc, VEGETIGI ngy cng tr thnh biu
tng ca s cam kt v uy tn v cht lng. cng l s khng nh chovic ng gp phn no ca cng ty vo s pht trin kinh t Vit Nam.
- L doanh nghip nh nc trc thuc UBND tnh Tin Giang, c
thnh lp t nm 1977 chuyn v lnh vc rau qu theo m hnh khp kn va c
cc nh my ch bin, va c vng nguyn liu phc v ch bin. l nng
trng Tn Lp, din tch 3500 hecta, chuyn canh cy da, sn lng hng nm
50.000-60.000 tn, ngoi ra chuyn canh cy xoi, mng cu, l hi, cung cpnguyn liu ch bin cho nh my trong cng ty.
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1.2. S MT BNG
Cng ty c mt bng rng ln, thun tin vn chuyn, nm khu vc
ng bng sng Cu Long vng tri cy ln nht Vit Nam.
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S mt bng cng ty Rau qu Tin Giang
Ch Thch:
1: Phng bo v
2: Khu hnh chnh
3: Phng ht thuc4: WC
5: Nh xe
6: Sn qun vt
7: Nh tp th
8: Nh n
9: Nh kho
10: Phn xng c c11: Phng th nghim
12: Phng qun l
13: Phn xng c c
14: Phng thay
15: Khu v sinh
16: Nh my ng lnh
17: Phng my nn18: L hi
19: Xng c in
20: Kho bo qun
21: Kho tr sn phm c c
22: Ni cp nc
23: khu sn xut cc mt hng khc
24: Khu x l ph liu
25: Kho nhp liu
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26: Phng KCS
27: Phng qun l phn xng c c
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1.3. DY CHUYN SN XUT
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S B Tr Dy Chuyn Sn Xut
DaCht Hoa,Cung
Ra
tLi
GtV
LngV
ChchMt
Kim Tra,Cn
CtKhoanh
Ct Ming
Ra
Chn
Xp Hp Rt
Ncng
Ghp
NpTng
Thanh
TrngBngMy
NuNcng
ThanhTrngThCng
Bo n
GhpNpTh
Cng
Lu Kho
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1.4. T CHC NH MY
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2.1. YU CU NGUYN LIU V PHNG PHP BO QUNTRC KHI CH BIN
2.1.1. Yu cu ca nguyn liu
- Cng ty C phn Rau qu Tin Giang sn xut cc mt hng t da l
ch yu.
- Trong qu trnh ch bin v sn xut, nguyn liu l mt yu t hng u
quyt nh trc tip n cht lng cng nh gi thnh ca sn phm . Do vy
khu tip nhn nguyn liu l khu rt quan trng.
- Da a vo sn xut phi ti tt, khng dp ng, khng su bnh, t
chn theo yu cu. Khi thu mua da ti nng trng khng nn thu nhn da
qu chn m chn da cn xanh nhng phi c 1 n 2 mt ng vng.
- Khng thu mua cc loi da khng r ngun gc, b su bnh, dnh tp
cht v du nht trong qu trnh thu hoch v vn chuyn. c bit khng mua
da chn hon ton v trong qu trnh vn chuyn da v cng ty s b dp dn
n hao ht trong sn xut.
2.1.2. Phng php bo qun- Da khi thu mua v thng c chn khc nhau do cn phn loi,
thng thng da c phn thnh 2 nhm:
+ Nhm em vo sn xut ngay: khi da chn t 2 mt tr ln v c
brix 9-120.
+ Nhm cn li em lu kho: da cn xanh.
- Yu cu kho: kho phi sch, thong, khng b nc.
Da trc khi lu kho c phn lm 4 loi v cht thnh tng ng
ring bit, da c xp ln pallet cch mt t 15cm, ng da cao khong 1m
ri vi kh (CaC2). CaC2 khi c dng phi nhuyn, c gi trong
giy kn, nhng t 1 u ri u ln b mt ng da, mi tn da dng
khong 0.5 kg CaCl2. Sau dng tm bc ph kn ng da li, thi gian : 1
m 2 ngy.
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2.2. QUY TRNH CNG NGH2.2.1 Quy trnh sn xut hp da nc ng
Trang 17
Ct khoanh,ming
Kim tra,cn
Chn
Phn loi
Ra ln 2
Rt nc ng85-900C
Ghp np Thanh trng95-980C
Da
Phn loi
Cn
Lu kho
Cht hoa,cung
Ra ln 1
Gt v
Lng v
Chch mt
t li
Xp hpLm ngui
39-400C
Bo n
Dn nhn
Hoa, cung
Thnhphm
PhLiu
PhLiu
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2.2.2. Thuyt minh quy trnh
2.2.2.1. Da
Da c thu v t nng trng Tn Lp 1, 2 v cc tnh ln cn nh
Kin Giang, Long An c vn chuyn v cng ty bng ghe hoc xe ti. Tiy da c phn loi theo kch thc v mu sc ph hp vi mc ch ch
bin ri cn v lu kho.
Thnh phn ha hc ca da.STT Thnh Phn T L (%)
1 Nc 72 88
2 Cht kh 15 243 ng 8 194 Acid 0.3 0.85 Protid 0.56 Cht khong 0.257 Vitamin C 40 mg8 Vitamin A, B1, B2 0.04 0.09 mg
Yu cu ca da:
- Da phi ti tt, khng h thi, dp nt.
- Da mua v khng qu xanh, chn t 1-2 mt.
- Khng dnh bn v tp cht.
2.2.2.2. Phn loi
Da c phn loi ngay trn xe ti v ghe. Da c phn thnh 2
nhm:
- Nhm sn xut lin khi da chn t 2 mt tr ln.
- Nhm cn li c lu kho: trc khi lu kho da c phn thnh 4
loi:
+ Loi 1: da nng hn hoc bng 800g.
+ Loi 2: khi lng da nh hn 800g nhng ln hn hoc bng 650g.
+ Loi 3: khi lng da nh hn 650g nhng ln hn hoc bng 550g.
+ Loi 4: khi lng da nh hn 550g nhng ln hn 350g.
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Vic phn loi da l rt cn thit v n thun li trong qu trnh lu kho
v sn xut c d dng hn.
2.2.2.3. Cn
Xc nh c khi lng da a vo sn xut, t khi lng ban ua vo sn xut m d tr khi lng thnh phm v mc hao ht sau khi
ch bin.
2.2.2.4. Lu kho
Da sau khi phn loi xong c xp ln cc pallet thnh tng ng, mi
ng da cao khong 1m. Kh c gi kn trong giy, nhng t 1 u v
t u ln b mt ng da ri ph kn bng tm bc, sau 2 ngy 1 m th a
vo sn xut nhng phi kim tra brix. brix t t 9-110 v da chn t 2
mt tr ln (hng ng) th a vo sn xut hp. i vi nhng qu da
cha t brix v cn xanh th li thm khong 1 m.
2.2.2.5. Cht hoa, cung
Mc ch: thun tin cho qu trnh t li; loi b phn khng n c,h, thi.
Da c cht vo 1/2 mt u tin ca qu, 2 u qu da ct thng
hng, da khng b nhim bn, dp ng. Sau khi cht cung v hoa xong, da
c chuyn ln bng ti vo bn ra.
2.2.2.6. Ra ln 1
y l cng on khng th thiu trong qu trnh sn xut nhm loi b
bi bn, tp cht v mt phn vi sinh vt trn b mt qu. My dng ra l
my ra st kh, nc chy lin tc, gm c 2 bn. i vi da c c th h
thng ra c thm bn ch v h thng phun nc da c ra sch hn.
2.2.2.7. t li
- Cn phi loi b phn li da v:
+ C gi tr dinh dng thp.
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+ Lm tng gi tr cm quan cho sn phm.
+ c bit thun li cho qu trnh gt v.
- ng knh li da cn b khong 18mm.
- Yu cu: thao tc phi chnh xc, nhanh gn, khng cn st li v khng
lm mt tht qu.
2.2.2.8. Gt v
Nhm loi b phn v xanh ca qu. Thng thng cng on ny c
tin hnh qua 2 ln gt v:
- Gt s b: gt 1 lp mng v xanh bn ngoi ng thi loi b phn h
thi khng nh hng n cht lng sn phm. Gt th cng.- Gt ln 2: dng my gt bn t ng nhm loi b ti a phn v xanh
bn ngoi ng thi to qu da c hnh dng trn u, ng kch c yu cu,
tng nng sut.
- Kch thc li dao gt:
+ Khoanh mini: ng knh 52 mm, 55 mm
+ Khoanh thng: ng knh 68 mm, 70 mm, 72 mm, 76 mm, 78 mm.+ Ngoi ra cn c dao x: x v qu da lm 3 mnh ri ri xung bng
ti n h thng ct v p ly nc c c nc qu, cn phn qu da em
lng v.
2.2.2.9. Kim tra
Da c kim tra loi b phn dp ng cn st li, ct vung vt 2
u qu da v lng b phn v xanh 2 u qu.
2.2.2.10. Chch mt
Mt da c mu en l phn khng c gi tr dinh dng s lm nh
hng nhiu n gi tr cm quan sn phm. Cng on ny cng ct b nhng
phn dp ng cn st li. Dng c dng chch mt l dao gp phi sc, nhn hai
u.
- Yu cu:
+ Vt gp khng c su qu.
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+ ng ni gia cc mt khng b v.
+ Qu da khng b chy nc, dp.
+ Khng cn vt en.
2.2.2.11. Kim tra, cnSau khi chch mt xong cn kim tra cn thn v cn ri chuyn n bn
ct khoanh, ct ming.
2.2.2.12. Ct khoanh, ming
Ct khoanh:
- Thng thng i vi da mini hoc nhng qu c cu trc chc chn,
nguyn vn, t b gt ta s a vo ct khoanh bng my khoanh da c kch
thc ng u, tng nng sut. Cn nhng qu b gt ta nhiu s ct th cng
nhm gim ph liu.
- c bit i vi da khoanh thng th ct th cng, khng ct bng
my.
- dy khoanh da: 10 12 mm.
Ct ming:
- Nhng qu b gt ta nhiu khng ct khoanh c th ct ming bng
th cng (dao, tht) sau khi chch mt xong.
- tn dng nguyn liu nhng khoanh da khng nguyn vn, khoanh
da b mng s c phn loi mu sc trc khi ct thnh 6, 7, 10 v 12 ming
(ty n t hng) thng th c ct lm 6 ming bng thit b ct ming.2.2.2.13. Phn loi
- Da sau khi ct khoanh c phn loi theo mu sc:
+ Vng m.
+ Hi ng.
+ Trng.
- Phn loi gip thun tin cho qu trnh xp hp.
2.2.2.14. Ra ln 2
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Da sau khi ct khoanh xong c em ra bng nc sch loi b bi
bn.
2.2.2.15. Chn
- Mc ch:+ Tiu dit mt phn vi sinh vt.
+ Gim th tch nguyn liu, thun tin cho qu trnh xp hp.
+ V hot cc enzyme oxy ha.
- Ty theo n t hng m da c th chn hoc khng chn, thng
chn bng my v kt hp c 2 qu trnh chn v lm ngui.
+ Thi gian chn v lm ngui khong 1 pht.+ Nhit chn: 83-85oC
+ Nhit lm ngui: 33-35oC
2.2.2.16. Xp hp
-Da khoanh v da ming sau khi ra xong c a vo r inox cho
ro nc trc khi c xp vo hp. Da c xp hp l da phi cng mu
sc, kch thc, nguyn vn, hp s dng thng l hp st trng c ra sch
v p vo st cho ro nc.
-Ty theo c hp m ta c cch xp khc nhau, c th xp theo phng
ngang hay chiu dc, cn s khoanh trong hp ty theo yu cu khch hng v
ty theo c hp. Cng on ny c thc hin bng phng php th cng.
- Thng thng da c xp vo nhiu loi hp nhng ch yu l ccloi hp:
C hpKhi lng tnh
(g)Khi lng ci
(g)
30 OZ 830 43020 OZ 425 225A10 3050 1700
Yu cu:
- Da xp hp phi ng u v kch thc, mu sc, ngay ngn.
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- Phi loi b nhng khoanh b khuyt tt nh: dp, b, gy
- m bo khi lng.
2.2.2.17. Rt nc ng
Nu nc ng:
- Mc ch ca vic nu nc ng l lm tng gi tr cm quan cho sn
phm.
- Nguyn liu ng c nh my s dng l ng tinh luyn RE, RS
c cht lng tt. Qu trnh nu nc ng c tin hnh nh sau: u tin
cho nc vo ni hi hai v v gia nhit, ri cho ng vo khuy cho n lc
ng tan ht. Ty theo yu cu ca khch hng m brix ca nc ngkhc nhau thng t 14-18. Sau khi nu thnh dung dch ng xong th b
sung acid citric nng t 0.2-0.5% lm cho sn phm c v chua ngt hi ha,
tng thm gi tr cm quan cho sn phm.
Rt nc ng
- Nc ng sau khi nu n nhit v brix theo yu cu th tin
hnh rt ngay vo hp, thng rt nng nhit 85-90oC bi kh.
- Trc khi rt, nc ng phi c lc loi b cc tp cht, cn.
2.2.2.18. Ghp np
Da sau khi rt nc ng xong th c em i ghp np ngay ngn
cn vi sinh vt xm nhp vo sn phm. S dng my ghp np bn t ng v
t ng. Mi ghp phi kn, hp khng b bin i hnh dng.2.2.2.19. Thanh trng
y l cng on rt quan trng v khng th thiu c i vi cc sn
phm hp. Thanh trng nhm mc ch tiu dit vi sinh vt ko di thi
gian bo qun. Sn phm sau khi thanh trng c em qua bn nc lm ngui
nhanh nhm m bo hng v, mu sc, cu trc sn phm, ng thi trnh s
n mn cho hp.
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C hai cch thanh trng lm ngui:
- Thanh trng bng my: s dng my thanh trng lin tc. Hp c
ghp np s t ng di chuyn theo h thng cc thanh cun vi vn tc chm
vo bn nc nng (thanh trng kn) ri tip tc di chuyn sang bn nc lnh lm ngui.
+ Nhit thanh trng: 95oC
+ Nhit lm ngui: 39oC
+ Thi gian thanh trng: 7-10 pht (ty theo n t hng)
+ Thi gian lm ngui: 10-13 pht
- Thanh trng th cng (thanh trng h): thng dng thanh trng lonA10, s dng thit b thanh trng v lm ngui dng bn.
+ Nhit thanh trng: 95-98oC
+ Nhit lm ngui khong: 40oC
+ Thi gian thanh trng: 50 pht
+ Thi gian lm ngui: 40 pht
2.2.2.20. Bo n- Mc ch ca vic bo n l pht hin nhng hp h hng kp thi
loi b, ng thi bo n cn c tc dng lm cho phn nc ng thm u
vo khoanh da.
- Trc khi bo n sn phm, hp cn c lau kh trnh b g st; sn
phm c bo n trong kho thng thong.
- Trong thi gian bo n cn tin hnh o hp theo nh k: cch ba ngyo mt ln, thi gian bo n 15 ngy.
2.2.2.21. Dn nhn - Thnh phm
- Hp trc khi dn nhn cn c lau sch bi. Hp sau khi dn nhn
xong c xp vo thng giy carton sau xut khu ra th trng.
- Nhng yu cu cn c ca nhn:
+ Tn sn phm.
+ Tn cng ty sn xut v a ch.
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+ Khi lng tnh.
+ Ngy sn xut.
+ Hn s dng.
+ Hng dn s dng.
+ Tn mt s ph gia khc nu c.
2.3. CC BIN I XY RA TRONG QU TRNH BO QUN
hp h hng do nhiu nguyn nhn, c th pht hin qua hnh thc
bn ngoi ca bao b hoc phi qua kim tra vi sinh v ha hc mi xc nh
c. Thng phn bit h hng sn phm theo 3 nguyn nhn: do vi sinh vt,
hin tng ha hc v nh hng c l.2.3.1. hp h hng do vi sinh vt
Hin tng hp h hng do vi sinh vt l ph bin nht trong s cc
loi hp h hng c th gy phng hp.
Nguyn nhn gy h hng hp do vi sinh vt:
2.3.1.1. Do thanh trng khng ch
Cc hp thanh trng khng ch tc l cha nhit v thi
gian thanh trng cn thit. Cc vi sinh vt trong hp vn cn sng st, theo
thi gian chng pht trin lm sn phm b chua, phng hp.
C mt s hp do b nhim trng qu nhiu do thit b v do cc qu
trnh ch bin trc khi thanh trng gy ra, ta khng pht hin c m vn tin
hnh thanh trng, cng coi nh thanh trng khng ch .
2.3.1.2. Do lm ngui khng thch hpCc vi sinh vt a nhit lm hng hp, pht trin nhanh chng nhit
khong 50-600C. V vy, nu khng lm ngui nhanh hp n nhit
thp di khong nhit , th cc vi sinh vt c th pht trin lm h hng
hp.
2.3.1.3. Do mi ghp b h
Hin tng ny cng xy ra kh ph bin trong sn xut hp. hpb h c th do my ghp np lm vic khng ng qui tc, hay cc mi hn dc
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ca bao b khng c kn. Khi thanh trng do p sut trong hp tng ln qu
mc, lm h cc mi ghp, vi sinh vt nhim vo (ngun nhim vi sinh vt ch
yu vo hp b h l nc dng lm ngui hp sau khi thanh trng)
pht trin lm hng hp.
2.3.1.4. Do nhim vi sinh vt gy h hng trc khi thanh trng
Hin tng ny xy ra khi thc hin khng ng qui trnh k thut v ch
v sinh thc phm lm cho vi sinh vt xm nhp v pht trin thc phm
trong thi gian ch bin. Thi gian t lc vo hp n lc ghp kn v mang i
thanh trng qu lu.
2.3.2. hp h hng do cc hin tng ha hc
hp b hng do cc hin tng ha hc xy ra c th do cc phn ng
gia cc thnh phn ca thc phm vi nhau hay gia cc thnh phn thc phm
vi bao b. Cc phn ng ha hc ny, phn ln lm cho thc phm c mu sc,
hng v gim i. Trong thi gian bo qun hp thnh phm, i vi hp
ng trong bao b st ty d b n mn kim loi mt bn trong ca bao b khi
lp trng thic b n mn kim loi nhim vo sn phm. Hin tng ny thngthy nhiu cc hp c acid cao. Lng kim loi nng nhim vo sn
phm c th gy bin i mu sc, mi v ca sn phm v gy c i vi c
th.
Qu trnh n mn ha hc xy ra, kh hydro thot ra lu dn lm cho hp
b phng.
Nhit cng cao, s n mn kim loi cng xy ra nhanh. Ty thuc
acid ca sn phm, phm cht ca bao b, m hm lng kim loi nng tch t
trong sn phm nhiu hay t.
2.3.3. hp h hng do cc nh hng c l
Xy ra trong qu trnh thanh trng, bo qun v vn chuyn:
- hp h hng do sai thao tc thit b thanh trng: trong giai on cui
ca qu trnh thanh trng, nu gim p sut hi qu nhanh, gy ra hin tng
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cng phng hp, hp c th b bin dng, h mi ghp l do p sut trong hp
c to ra chnh lch vi p sut bn ngoi qu nhiu.
- hp h hng do qu trnh bi kh khng t.
- hp h hng do xp hp qu y: khi sn phm xp trong hp qu
y, sn phm s gin n th tch khi thanh trng bng nhit lm cho hp b
phng, hin tng ny d xy ra hn khi cho sn phm vo hp lc ngui khi
thanh trng sn phm cng b gin n nhiu.
- hp h hng v b mp, mo, r: mt s sn phm hp ng trong
bao b st ty kch thc ln, khi ghp kn vi chn khng qu cao, chnh
lch p sut ln, bao b st ty mng th d b mo. Hoc khi xp hp vo gi
thanh trng v vn chuyn trc khi thanh trng, lm hp b mp, mo, lc
p sut trong hp ln, khi thanh trng sn phm gin n s lm cng phng hp,
c th lm h mi ghp kn ca hp.
(Ngun www.vocw.edu.vn)
2.4. CC CNG ON CHNH NH HNG N CHT LNG SN
PHM- La chn nguyn liu:
Yu cu v nguyn liu rt quan trng v cht lng nguyn liu a vo
sn xut c nh hng quyt nh n cht lng sn phm. V vy nguyn liu
cn phi ti tt, chn thch hp, ng kch c. Ty theo tng loi sn
phm c th m c cch chn khc nhau.
- Cc cng on thi khoanh, ct ming, ra ln 2 cn m bo hp vsinh.
- Rt nc ng: rt nc ng nng hn ch nhim khun, ng
thi bi kh trong hp tt hn.
- Ghp np, thanh trng:
+ Hp rt vo cn ghp np ngay, nu khng sn phm d b bin mu
v c nhim trng cao.
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+ Thanh trng: y l cng on quan trng nht, v vy i hi khi thanh
trng phi ng nhit v thi gian yu cu:
Nu thanh trng nhit qu cao th s lm cho phn tht qu bn trong
b mm ng thi lm gim cht lng do thay i cu trc, mu sc.
Nu thanh trng nhit qu thp th nhit khng tiu dit
hon ton vi sinh vt m ch c ch mt phn vi sinh vt.
2.5. TIU CHUN CHT LNG SN PHM
2.5.1. Mu sc
Sn phm phi c mu t nhin ca ging da c s dng, cho php c
mt vi vt trng. Nu da c ng hp cng vi thnh phn c bit khc thphi c mu c trng ca hn hp.
2.5.2. Hng v
Sn phm phi c hng v t nhin ca da, khng c mi v l. Nu da
c ng hp cng vi thnh phn c bit khc th phi c hng v c trng
ca hn hp.
2.5.3. Trng thi
Da chc, gin, khng mm nhn. Nc ng trong, khng ln tp cht.
2.5.4. Ch tiu ho hc
- brix t yu cu ca khch hng, thng thng t 14-220.
- acid vo khong 0.2-0.5 %.
- t cc yu cu v d lng kim loi cho php c trong hp qunc ng:
- Thit: 100-200mg/kg sn phm.
- ng: 5-80mg/kg sn phm.
- Ch: tuyt i khng c.
- Km: vt.
2.5.5. Ch tiu vi sinh
Khng c vi sinh vt gy bnh.
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2.5.6. Bo qun sn phm
- Sn phm sau khi hon tt s c thi hn s dng t 2-3 nm khi bo
qun nhit thng, ni kh ro, sch s, thong mt.
- Khng c sn phm nhng ni c nh nng chiu trc tip hocni m t
2.6. CC BIN PHP NNG CAO CHT LNG, HIU SUT THUHI SN PHM
- nng cao cht lng v hiu sut thu hi thnh phm th cng ty cn
phi tm hiu v p dng mt s tiu chun qun l cht lng sn phm v c
k hoch sn xut hp l. Thng xuyn theo di nng cao tay ngh cng nhn,kim tra quy trnh sn xut v nng cao cht lng sn phm cng nh qun l
cht ch cc khu nhm trnh tht thot nguyn liu tng hiu sut thu hi.
- Cc hp b h hng do hin tng ha hc, nh hng c l nu
mc nh th c th ch bin thnh cc sn phm khc c gi tr thp hn nh
lm mt, nu ru.
- Cn tn dng ti a ph liu nng cao hiu sut thu hi.
- Thit b sn xut: gp phn quan trng trong tt c cc khu ch bin
gip nng cao nng sut, gim hao ht v rt ngn thi gian nn cn phi kim
tra thit b theo nh k.
- Nguyn liu: gp phn quan trng trong sn xut v vy cn c bin
php thu mua v bo qun tt hn.
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Cng ty C phn Rau qu Tin Giang c trang b nhiu my mc hin
i nhm phc v trong sn xut, mang li nng sut cao nh thit b dng trongch bin c c nhp t c, thit b lnh ng IQF, cc thit b dng trong sn
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xut hp nh: my thanh trng lin tc ca Hn Quc, my rt nc ng
v ghp np t ng v nhiu thit b bn t ng khc. Sau y l cu to v
nguyn tc hot ng ca mt s thit b:
3.1. THIT B T LI3.1.1. Cu to
3.1.2. Mc ch
Loi b hon ton phn li da nhm to iu kin cho cc qu trnh ch
bin tip theo.
3.1.3. Nguyn tc hot ng
My t li l loi my bn t ng. Khi ng c in hot ng, thng
qua b truyn ai th dao t s quay trn theo hng chiu
kim ng h. Qua knh nh v, ngi cng nhn t qu da
vo dao t sao cho phn li da trng vi v tr ca dao ri
y qu da mnh vo pha trong thn my. Khi dao t s
xuyn dc qu da, li da c gi li trong ng v a ra
ngoi ca tho ph liu, cn qu da s c ly ra m
khng cn phn li.
3.1.4. Thng s k thut
- Nng sut: 15-20 qu/pht.
- ng knh dao t: 18 mm.
- Tc dao: 1000-1500 vng/pht.
- Dng in: 220V.
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1: ng c in
2: B truyn ai
3: Knh nh v
4: Dao t
5: Ca ra ph liu
6: Gi
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3.1.5. u im
- Nh, gn.
- D s dng.
3.1.6. Nhc im
- Do my t li l thit b bn t ng nn nng sut v hiu qu lm
vic ty thuc vo thao tc ca ngi cng nhn.
- i khi phn li t khng chnh xc, khng u ph thuc vo tay ngh
ca ngi cng nhn.
3.2.THIT B GT V
3.2.1. Cu to
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1: ng c in 7: Bnh rng
2: B truyn ai 8: Mng tho ph liu
3: Dao gt 9: Bng ti chuyn ph liu
4: Dao x mnh 10: Gi
5: Con x 11: Ca ra nguyn liu
6: Tay quay
3.2.2. Mc ch
Gt sch phn v xanh bn ngoi.
3.2.3. Nguyn tc hot ng
Khi ng c in hot ng lm dao gt chuyn ng cng chiu kim
ng h. t qu da t li v gt v s b vo con x ri dng tay quay
y qu da v pha dao gt. Khi ba li dao phng s kha trn v da lm
ba ng theo chiu dc ca qu vi su thch hp, phn v ri xung mng
ph liu theo bng ti n my ct v p ly nc cn phn qu gt v nm
trong trc ng v ra ngoi qua ca tho liu.
3.2.4. Thng s k thut
- Nng sut: 30-40 qu/pht.- Tc dao gt: 1400 vng/pht.
- ng knh dao gt:
+ Khoanh mini: 52mm, 55mm.
+ Khoanh thng: 68mm, 70mm, 72mm, 76mm, 78mm.
- Dng in: 220V.
3.2.5. u im
- Nh, gn.
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- D s dng.
3.2.6. Nhc im
L my bn t ng nn nng sut v hiu qu lm vic ty thuc vo tay
ngh ca cng nhn.
3.3. THIT B CT KHOANH
3.3.1. Cu to
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1: Mng da i vo 6: Trc xon
2: Thn my 7: Gi
3: Hp cha v iu khin ng c 8: Mng ra liu
4: Trc chnh 9: ON
5: Dao ct 10: OFF
3.3.2. Mc ch
Ct thnh nhng khoanh da c kch thc ng u.
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3.3.3. Nguyn tc hot ng
Khi ng c in hoat ng, trc chnh v hai trc xon s quay theo
hng cng chiu kim ng h. Da sau khi gt v v chch mt c cng
nhn a ln mng ng thi y nh qu da v pha thn my, khi hai trcxon hai bn trc chnh y da v pha dao ct, dao ct s chuyn ng trn
u v ct da thnh nhng khoanh c b dy bng khong cch gia 2 rnh ca
trc xon.
3.3.4. Thng s k thut
- Nng sut: 125-150 qu/pht.
- Dng in: 220V.3.3.5. u im
- Nh, gn.
- D s dng.
- Kch thc khoanh da ng u.
3.3.6. Nhc im
Do thit b ct khoanh l thit b bn t ng nn nng sut v hiu qu
lm vic cn ty thuc vo cng nhn vn hnh.
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3.4. THII B GHP NP
3.4.1. Cu to thit b ghp np bn t ng
1: ng c in 5: Mm di
2: B truyn ai 6: Trc mm
3: Con ln 7: Bn p
4: Hp cn ghp np 8: C cu a con ln tin vo hp
3.4.2. Mc ch
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7
6 54
3
2
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Cch ly sn phm vi mi trng bn ngoi, trnh s xm nhp ca vi
sinh vt. Tt nht l dng my ghp np t ng c ht chn khng tng
cng bi kh cho sn phm.
3.4.3. Nguyn tc hot ngKhi ng c in hot ng th con ln s quay. Hp sau khi rt nc
ng xong c t vo mm di sao cho hp v trc mm thng ng vi
nhau. t np hp ngay ngn vo ming hp ri dng chn p ln bn p, lc
mm di s y hp ln st mm trn v hp c gi cht gia hai mm.
Tip theo 2 con ln s tin st li vi nhau cun mp thn v mp np sau p
cht mi ghp li. Khi hp c ghp xong, mm di h xung v hp ca ra ngoi.
3.4.4. Thng s k thut
- Nng sut: 25-50 hp/pht.
- Dng in 220V.
3.4.5. u im
D s dng.
3.4.6. Nhc im
- Nng sut thp hn so vi my ghp t ng.
- Mi ghp i khi khng kht gy h hng sn phm, tn thi gian kim
tra li.
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4.1. KT LUN
T khi ra i n nay vi s n lc ht mnh cng ty Rau qu Tin Giang
ngy cng chng t c v tr ca mnh trn thng trng ng thi chim
lnh c nhiu th phn tiu th trong nc v ngoi nc. Tuy nhin, vi
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nhng thun li th cng ty cn gp phi mt s kh khn nh: tnh hnh sn
xut kinh doanh din bin phc tp do nh hng ca lm pht kinh t trong v
ngoi nc. V th m bo v tr vng mnh trn th trng ang cnh tranh
gay gt nhiu mt hng ca nhiu nc th cng ty phi nm bt kp thi nhng
tin b khoa hc k thut hin i ng thi tch ly nhiu kinh nghim trong
qun l sn xut kinh doanh. Tip tc pht huy nhng sng kin, ci tin k
thut iu hnh sn xut vi quy trnh ngy cng ti u t nng sut v cht
lng cao hn.
4.2. KHUYN NGH
- Xy dng h thng x l nc thi trnh nh hng n mi trngxung quanh.
- Trang b thm my mc, thit b hin i t ng ha gp phn tngnng sut sn xut.
- Lp thm h thng qut thng gi to iu kin lm vic thong mt.