Post on 10-Oct-2015
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Kerosene Toxicity
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Sources and mode of toxicity Kerosene is one of the petroleum distillate .It is colorless
fluid with charachteristic odour. It has low viscosity & lowvolatility ...low surface tension ..spread on respiratorymucosa
The main route of kerosene toxicity is inhalationafter ingestion (aspiration). Acute, oral exposures
may occur from accidental or intentional ingestion.Inhalation or dermal absorption of kerosene mayoccur during occupational exposures (petrochemicaland aviation sectors).It could be mixed withinsecticides other chemicals which may be moretoxic than kerosene itself.
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!ulmonary effects
Pulmonary toxicity is the result ofhydrocarbon aspiration. The lower theviscosity and higher the volatility thegreater the ris! of pulmonaryaspiration. The hydrophobic nature ofhydrocarbons allows them topenetrate deep into thetracheobronchial tree producinginflammation and bronchospasm. Thevolatile chemical may displacealveolar oxygen leading to hypoxia."irect contact with alveolar
membranes can lead to hemorrhagehyperemia edema surfactantinactivation leu!ocyte infiltration andvascular thrombosis. The result ispoor oxygen exchange atelectasisand pneumonitis.
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"espiratory symptoms
generally begin in thefirst few hours afterexposure and usuallyresolve in #$% days.&omplications includehypoxia, barotrauma
due to mechanicalventilation, and adultrespiratory distresssyndrome (A"').!rolonged hypoxia mayresult in
encephalopathy,seiures, and death.
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&linical effects of acute
exposure * The ma+or route of exposure is by
inhalation of liuid (aspiration)
* -erosene vapors is irritant to therespiratory system resulting insigns of pulmonary irritation chemical pneumonitis manifested by
coughing and dyspnoea cyanosis,fever tachypnea, wheees
* Acute dermal exposure may resultin local irritation,
* Acute exposure to large amount ofkerosene may result in &
depressant effects including,drowsiness, convulsions, coma
rarely convulsions mall amount cause ..pulmonary
effects/hypoxia..& affectionindirectly
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& effects
& toxicity
occasionally observed
following kerosene
ingestion appears to beindirect and secondary
to pulmonary
involvement with
resulting hypoxia. If large amount
ingested direct &
depression may occur.
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&ardiac effects
evere arrhythmias are
a ma+or concern.
0tiologies include
hypoxia, myocardial
sensitiation tocatecholamines .
udden death has been
reported as a result of
coronary vasospasmdue to hydrocarbon
inhalation.
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1ocal irritation is theusual 2I manifestationof hydrocarboningestion. Abdominalpain and nausea arecommon complaints.3omiting increases the
likelihood of pulmonaryaspiration.
2astrointestinal effects
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T#$%T$'T
(.$mergency measures ) %*+" care of coma&pulmonary oedema
,.$limination
-.ymptomatic ttt ) corticosteroids antibiotics/prophylactic &for ttt of bronchopneumonia 0
1. prevention)
$ducate the parents to !eep toxic substances out
of reach of children safty closure of such
products familiar containers should not be used
for storage of such products
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Route of Exposure Symptoms First Aid
Inhalation &onfusion.&ough. 'iiness.4eadache. ore
throat.5nconsciousness.
6resh air rest. Artificialrespiration if indicated. "eferfor medical attention.
Skin 'ermatitis,redness .
"emove contaminatedclothes. "inse and thenwash skin with soap water .
Eyes "edness. 6irst rinse with plenty ofwater for 78$9: minutes
Ingestion 'iarrhea. ausea.3omiting.
'o ;T induce vomiting .insevere cases mixedtoxicity do 21 < cuffed 0T
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Thank You