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UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA
PATTERNS OF TRAINING EVALUATION PRACTICES AMONG
TRAINING IN STITUTIONS IN MALAYSIA
JUNAIDAH BINTI HASHIM
FPP 1999 22
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ATTERNS O TRAN NG EVAUATON RACTCES AMONGTRAN NG NSTTUTONS N MAASA
JUNADAH BINT HASHM
DOCTOR O HOSOPHUNIVERST UTRA MAASA
1999
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ATTERNS O TRAINING EVAUATION RACTICES AMONGTRAINI NG I NSTITUTIONS I N M AAYSIA
y
JUN AIDAH BINTI HASHIM
Disseation Submitted i n aial ulfil ment of the Requiremensfor he Degree of Docor of hi losophy in he acu lty of
Educational SudiesUniversii ur Malysi
March 1999
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ACKNOWEDGEMENS
Man people hae contuted n deent was to the
completon of ths dssetaton would lke to express specal
apprecaton to m supersor Dr. hamsuddn n Ahmad fo hs
man hous of gudance and nsght dung the entre pocess wthout
that ths esearch would not hae been completed successful
peca apprecaton and gateful thanks are extended to m graduate
commttee members Assocate Prof Dr. H Azahar sma, D.
Bahaman Abu amah and Assocate Prof. Dr. Hh. Mamunah smal
hose ns g htfu comments hae made ths stud more nterestng
oud a so ke to acknoedge the contrbutons of D aodah
ok, ho has proded assstance that expedte the data analss of
th s stud am aso gaef o te Reseach Centre of ntenatonal
samc Unest for ng the fnancal support for ths research
peca thanks and appreaton aso go to Drecto Genera of Human
Resources Deelopment Councl Malasa M. au D Pau, and
Assstant Drector of Human Resources Deeopment Counc
Maasa, Mr. hahl bn Hassan and to all the espondents of ths
stud.
nal, m appecaton goes to m frend, ud eoh and m
fam l who hae been er suppote thoughout m stud and ensure
ths reseach a success
;;
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AE O CONENS
ACKNOWEDGEMENS
S O AES
S O GURES
ASRAC
ASRAK
CHAER
NTRODUCTON
Backgound of th tudy
The Goth and Deeopment of TanngIn MaaYSa
Human esouces Deelopmund (HRD)
PoVdng H ghe Educatonand okpace Tanng
The Pactce of Ealuaton
Pattens of Ealuaton Pactces
tatement of the Poblem
Reseach bjectes
gnfcance of the tudy
Assumptons an mtaton of the tudy
Defntons of Tems
REVEW O HE ERAURE
ntoducton
Eau aton Concep
Ealuaton Theoes and Mdels
I
g
I
\1
X
X
X
2
22
4
26
29
3
3
34
35
38
38
39
44
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V
Tatonal Appoaches
Contempoa Appoaches 8
u mma on Ealuaton Theoesand Modes 79
tanda ds fo Ealuatons of EducatonalProgrammes Poects an Materals 84
Tanng Ealuaton 8
The Pu rpose of Tanng Ealu aton 90
The Pactce of Ealuaton In Tanng 95
Tanng Ealuaton Pactces In Malaysa 09
Theoetca amework of the tudy 3
Chapte mma 6
RESEARCH ETHODOLOGY
ntoducton
Degn of the tudy
Reearch cope
Poplaton a ple
ntrumentaton
Descpton of the Reseach ntrument
Pe Testng of the Reeach nstument
al dty and Rel abl ty ofthe eeah ntument
Data Collecton
Data AnalYSIS
Chapte mma y
RESEARCH FNDNGS
ntroducton
Backgound Chaactertcs ofRepondents
IV
8
9
2
22
29
3
33
3
0
2
2
2
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Taing Eaaion Pacices amongTainng nsions 50
Paens o Tang Eaaton Pactes 165
Ped icons of Patens 8
mma o i ndngs 85
SU M MAR CONCUSIONS, AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
mma
Conclsons
Backgond ChaactestcsTann g Eaaton Pactces
Pattens of Ealaton Pactces
PedI con of Pattensmpatons
Recommendatons fo the Reseach
88
88
90
99
209
2 2 2
2 7
REFERENCES 220
APPENDICES
VITA
A
B
C
D
QestIonnae
Reseach Lees
Reslts Tabes
H man Resoces Deeopment Concl sEaaton om
v
233
248
256
262
269
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Table
2
3
6
7
9
0
1 2
3
6
ST O TABES
age
Goenment Allocaton fo Educaton and Tan ng . . 3
elected Agences n the e ected ndustes nMa aysa Resonsb e fo Ta n ng and Deeoment
oca ecto Budget fo Tan ng . . . .
Tan ng Exendtue n Maaysan Comanes 2
equency Dstbuton of Resondents byCuent nolement n Eauaton . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
equency Dstbuton of Resondents by
Tanng Exeence n Eauaton . . . . . . . . . . . .
equency Dstbuton of Resondents byCuent Em oyment ettn g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
equency Dstbuton of Resondents byAademc Quacaton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
equency Dstbuton of Resondents byAcademc e d
D stbuton of Resondents by Model am aty 9
Dstbuton of Resondents by motance ofTann g Exeence n Eauaton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Dstbuton of Resondents by Puoses ofEauaton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Dstbuton of Resondents by Reoted nfuenceson Decs on to Eauate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dstbuton of Resondents by ouces of Questonsasked dung Ealuaton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dstbuton of Resondents by Cental ssues n DataGatheed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Dstbuton of Resondents by PogammeEecteness Detemnaton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
vi
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7 Dsbuon of Respondens b EaluaionMehod 9
Dsbuon of Respondens b Ealuaionchedule 6
9 umma ascs o Resondens bormal Comprehensie and ysemaicEaluaion 62
20 Dsbuon of Respondens b acili aing Use ofEaluaion Resuls 63
2 Dsbuon of Respondens b Com mimenoads Eauaon 6
22 Dsbuon of Respondens b Clens' Demandaables 66
23 acor Analyss and Relab ly AnalsIs forPurposes of Ealuaion 70
24 acor AnalysIs and Relab Analyss forRepored nfluences 7
25 acor Analyss an d Relab ly Analyss forProgramme Eeciness Deermnaion 72
26 acor AnalysIs and Reliab il i Analyss forEaluaon Mehod 73
27 acor Analss and Relab li Analyss foracil aing Usage of Ealuaion Resuls 7
2 u mmay of acors and Labels u sed for esecond-order acor AnalysIs 76
29 ummar aisics fo Correlaion ihn Gropaables 7
30 ummar ascs of Correlaion Across Groupaabes 7
3 acor Analyss and Rel iabi li Analss for Paernsof Training Ealu aion Pracices 8
32 umma of Componens forormal Ealu aion Paern 2
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33 umma of Compoets folexble-ecoomic Eauato Patte 13
34 umma of Compoets foutcome Eauato Patte 3
35 umma of Compoets foC et-ieted Eau atio Patte 1
36 Pe-test ad a Reabiit tatstcs ofReseach aabes 256
37 depedece t-test betwee RespodetsGoup wth o-espose Goup 257
3 Parta Coelato amog the Pattes 25
39 MA A Aa ss o Pecto o Patte 259
VI
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T O GUE
igure ge
A chematic l lustration of Conceptualisaton ofthe Research Prolem 32
2 Relationshps of Ealuation and Accountal t toProgrammng Process 3
3 ummar of Model Characteristcs 8
ummar of Patterns of Ealuaton Theores andModels 83
5 Relationshp of Ealuation to Traning teps 88
6 ummar of Ealuation Purposes 94
7 A chematc llustration of nter-relaton etweenPurposes of Ealuation with Tpes of Ealuaton 95
8 A chematc llustration f Theoretical rameworkof the tud 5
I
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Abstract of the dssertaton submtted to the enate of Un verst PutraMa lays a In parta l fulf lm ent of the requ ements for the degree of
Doctor of Phlosophy
ATTERNS OF TRAN N G EVALUATON RACTCES AMO NGTRAN NG N STTUTONS N MAASA
By
UADAH BT HAHM
ebruary 999
Chairman: Shamsuddi n bin Ahmad Ed D
Faculty: Educational Studies
Experence has shon that one of the most eectve ays
traners can Improve ther eectveness and the tranng actvItes, In
hch they Invoved, IS through evaluaton Evauaton IS a systematc
process of coectng and anaYSng Informaton for and about a
programme hch can be used for pannng and gdng deISon
makn as e as assessng the relevance eectveness and the
Impact of varous programm e components Evaluaton In tranng IS an
e Sve concept especa y hen It comes to practce there st appears
to be more taks than acton ThS rtcsm IS largey expaned by the
unsystematc Informal and adhoc evaluaton been conducted by
tranng Insttutons
x
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alasa traig activites are motored b the govermet
agec called uma Resources Developmet Coucil rgai satos
are requred to obta tra ig servces rom the tra g sttutios that
regstered with the Coucil order to eable the orgasatos t get
remburseet or their traig expeditures here S o stud has
bee coducted to examie the practce o evaluatio I traig
amog these tra g Isttutios hiS stud examied the bacgroud
characterstcs o traii g evaluators practices o evaluatio I t ra g
a Ideted the pattes o commoal ities goverg the practce
hs s a escrptve surve research t ut sed a ed
e o o ata coecto he data were aased
scs sch as ea perceage a acor
aass
he gs o the stud revea that the trag evau ators hae
low lee o evaluato model amart he coducted evauato
based o ther past experece hough the evauators do ot
recogse st o evauato oels oud I the terature the o
coct ra eauato here are our patters o eauato
practce ae e ee: ra eauato paer exbe
c e 3 tce eaao pater a 4)
cetee eauato patte
X
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Abstra dsertas ag demuaa epada ea Uverst Putraal asia sebaga meme uh sebahaga eperlua u tu
Jazah Dotor Falsafah
CORAK AMAAN PENIAIAN ATIHAN 01 KAANGAN
INSTITUSI-INSTITUSI ATIHAN 01 MAASIA
leh
UADA B A
Februa 999
Pengerusi: Shamsuddin bin Ahmad, Ed. o.
Fakulti: Pengajian Pendidi kan
Pegalama telah meuua pelaa program latha
merupaa salah satu cara ag beresa bag urulath-u rulath utu
memperba eberesaa atvt latha ag merea edala
Pe laa latha merupaa proses pegumpula da pegaalssa
malumat ag sstemat megea sesuatu program alumat
dapat dguaa utu meracag, membatu membuat eputusa
da mela perata, eberesaa da eesaa S aduga
sesuatu program Da seg amala pelaa program latha mash
d aggap sebaga satu osep ag samar ag lebh baa
dperbcaga dapada dperasaaa Kta ! sebahaga
besara dsebaba oleh pelaa ag tda sstemat, tda rasm
da tda beadua ag d aaa oeh uru athuru ath
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CHATER
NTRODUCTON
Backgroun of th Stuy
rag s an portant tool or assstg polc leaders
goveret ocals developent proect persoel exteson
experts ad agrcultursts n the realsaton o ther prograe
obectves ad plans he topc o tran g also has geerated a lot o
excteet a cop anes Never beore has so uch atteton
bee gve to the trag o emploees ad never beore has the
trg o eploees the prvate sector bee gve such hgh
prort corporate alasa (og 996 ran g o eploees has
ga ed m uch atteton over the ears ma because compa es have
coe to realse the portace o eploees trang as a aor or
orgasatoal groh ad ths pheoeo s expected to contnue
eve though a lasa s acng an ecooc dowturn. Wth the
prevalg stuaton copanes are strugglg to copete n order to
srvve the arket Copaes ought to excel more such a tght
arket he wll have to consder to provde ore trag to ther
eploees or eploees to ee expectatos ad cotrbute to ther
copaes ( tzgerald 992 Furthermore due to the economc
dowturn retrenched ep loees a lso e ed trang to provde them
1
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with othe ew ski ll s to eable them to JOi othe compaies that mi ht
equ ie diffeet ski l s fom what they had he ewly acqu ied ski l l s
wil stad them ood stead whe the ecoomy ecoves what S
moe, the cuet wokfoce wil equie cotiual skils upadi to
keep pace with techoloica advaces
he key elemets that wi l suppot suviva l ad competitveess
lie the plaed ad cotiued taii of employees Popey
paed ad eectivey mpemeted poammes fo the deveopmet
of empoyees ith cotiuous mpovemet thouh evauatio have
esulted hihe poductiVity ad bette fiacial esuts fo
compaies (Koshy, uday ta 8 ue 998 aaYSia taii
ad deveopmet eot S suppoted by the eXistece of uma
Resouces Deveopmet ud ad by the cease of educatio
oppotuity the couty
Th Growh and Dvlopmn of Train ing in Malaysia
he aaYSi a ovemet sice he depede ce 957,
has m a ifested he commitmet towad educatio ad huma esouce
deveopmet Deveopmet appoach aaYSia S based o a fve
yea deveopmet p a Besides phYSica fastuctue developmet
pla heet of substatial pat, the key compoet developmet
pa alaYSia S educatioal ad huma esouce deveopmet
he ovemet of aaYSia has aways bee commtted to
educatioa ad huma esouce deveopmet fo both public ad
pivate sectos
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abe pesens he amoun o budge that he govenment has
aocaed fo educaon and anng the coun unde he Fs
aasa Pan 966 97 and he econd aasa P an 97
975
abe Govenmen Aocaon o ducaon and an ng
Sector
Mnstry of Education
Mnstry of Labour
MARA Tranng Dvson
MARA Technoo gy I nstitute
Tota
Second Malaysa Pa
RM448 48 miion
RM 3 70 miion
RM 42 20 mllon
RM 42 88 mllon
RM537 26 miion
Fst Maaysia Pla
RM512 1 0 mi lon
RM 1 5 m ion
RM 26 0 mlion
RM 4 0 ml lion
RM543 60 ml l o n
Poducng manpowe needed fo he economc and soca
deveopmen was emphassed as ea as dng he Fs aasa
Pan oweve the gowh of human esouce deveopme at Ina
sage was ot as estab shed as t was o 3 ea ae he
emphasIs was o educaon because the govenmet beeved that
was the e Ipu to natona deveopmen he goveme has
ecognsed he mpoance o human esouce deveopment n s
quest fo acheVn g deveoped naon staus hs commtmen was
tansaed no he esab shment and gowh of tan ng agences n he
coun ven hough the emphaSS was suctued on agcuua
deveopment he deveopment of othe feds e pub ad mn saon
and nd usa deve opment wee a so gven atenon
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able 2 shows the agences n the seected Industes that were
gven the task o tranng and development n the country hese
agences were set up to provde tran ng and development not on ly or
the r own sta but al so or the publ c
able 2 elected Agences n the elected ndustes n MalaysaResponsb le or ran ng and Deveopment
Indust
Agcutura Development
Rral Development
Cil Services
Education
Nationa Security and Pubic Order
Industria
Busess
Agences
Department of Vetena Services Maaysia
States Agricutural Depament
Federa Agricutural Marketing Authority
arm caton Authority
Fisheries Depament
Federa Land Development Authority(FELDA)
Cooperative College Maa ia
Community Development (KEMAS)
Rubber Industry Smalholders DeveopmentAuhriy (RSDA)
MARA
Nationa Youth Pioneer Corps (NYPC)
Nationa Institute of Public Administration(INTAN)
Amnuddn Bak Institute (ABI)
Center for Extension and ContinuingEducation (CECE
Roya Maaia PoleRoya Maaia Army
Malaia Prison Depament
Fire Serices Depament Maaia
Nationa Productity Corporation (NPC)
Standards and Industria Research Instituteof Maaia (SIRIM)
Maaian Institute of Management (MIM)
Priate Tran Institutions
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_ �&USTAKNn the field of agcultural d v l pm � �e
set up to carry out tranig or te armers These agencies are
Depatment of eternary Services Malaysa DS) State Agrcultural
Depatment Federal Agrcultural Marketing Athorty (FAMA) Farmers
Assocaton Authorty (LPP and Fsheres Depatment
Depatment o eternary Services Malaysia (DS) was one of
the ealiest depatment established The history of DS stated In
93 The pmary responsibility o DS had been directed towards
mproements of animal health and control of zoonotic diseases The
geneal obecties of DS are to deelp the livestock sector of the
agcultue ndust towards an economic leel of selfsuciency n al
liestock products to meet domestic demand and whenever possible
fo expot In an envronment free from specific nfectious and exotic
diseases The roles of the DS to ceate the environment and
climate fo continued growth and development of the lestock Industry
The functons and activities are geared towards poviding technical
sevices together with egulator supesory and admnistratie and
othe supportive measures that would stimulate producton of lestock
and food of lestock orgn To acheve this the DS oered traning
programmes and developmental actiities such as beef poduction,
cowcalf scheme, fatteng scheme animal health programme,
vetenary public health programme and animal feed poduction
programme (Ahmad Mustafa Babee 99
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Agrculural deparmen was se up In every sae In he counry
wih a few ojecves irsly o Increase agriculural producivy y
means of Increasin farmers conriuion hrough echnology ransfer
and research Secondly o ear he aude of farmers oward ready
accepance of new echnology In he agrculural developmen
Tirdly, o Increase he counry's economic growh y enhancng roup
paricipaon In seleced agriculural secors, and fourhly, o provide
qualiy services oward producvy rowh To achieve hese
ojeces, Sae Agrculural Deparmen conduced ranin and
exenson programmes for hose wo are Involed In agriculural
acvies (Paang Agrcuural Depamen, Annual Repo 993
ederal Agrculural Markeng Auhory (AMA was
esalshed unde he ac of Parliamen In 965, w misson o e a
markeng agency for ocuural producs so ha I I compeie,
operang commercially and efcenly wh conrolled cos and qualy
AMA oecve I o Increase he Income of farmers, employees and
sakeholders a he same me o guaranee cusomers sasfacon n
995, AMA esalshed I own rainng Insue In Por Dckson
oers several courses and workshop, aachmen, sudy VIi,
reference cenre, and pulcaions (AMA Annual Repor 995
To furher srenghen he agriculural developmen In he
counry, he governmen has se up armers Assocaon Auhory
(LPP In 973 The purpose of his aency I o Idenfy, rain, and
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eveop genuine farmers who can provie eaership an training the
other members an sta o regiona farmers associations This
programme Invoved three main projects si eveopmen an
technca raining farm management an enrepreneurship an
management tranng
Besies eveoping the agrcutura Inustry the fishing Inustry
was not negected n orer to deeop the fshees ndustry the
government set up the sheres Department with the aim of brngng
about changes to the nationa fsheres sector so that It I commerciay
operate moern prouctive an achieve sustainabe fsheres
resources to eet the nationa deman The obectives of shees
Deparment are to Increase nationa fish prouction to manage
fsheres resources rationay o Increase eep sea fishing
entrepreneurship, to spee up aquacuture eveopment an to
maXimise Income from the fishing Inustry shees Department
provies traiing through mane extension an fsheres training
Institute aasia ane exensions three main programmes are the
etension of fsheres is technoogy an eveopment sheres
training Institute aaysia provies eepsea fishing corps course,
engine maintenance mouar course an etc Through these
programmes the entrepreneurs were given training, continuous
consutation an gUiance on the aspects of technica nowege, sef
an group eveopment probem soving entrepreneurship an
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changes In vae and attitde epartment of Fisheries Maasia
Anna eport 4
n the fied of rra deeopment the agencies that offer
etension programme are Federa and eveopment Athorit
FA) Cooperative Coege Maasa Commnit eveopment
KMA) bber ndstr mahoders eveopment Athort
A) and MaJs Amanah akat MAA)
Federa Land eveopment Athort FLA) was set p In
16 t I a aasia government stattor bod which I engaged In
arge scae and deveopment and popation resettement activities
FE rovdes trang and deveopment of t setters throgh t
strctred deveopment programmes Man trateies were
formated and Impemented to deveop setter Oieties that are sef
dependent reiient possess Initiatve knowedgeabe and
responibe and capabe of shaping their destinies The primar ocs
of setter deveopment programmes was on the creation of appropriae
nstittions economic deveopment and wefare of the fami
Cooperative Coege MaaYia I the on earning nstitte In
the contr that deas th coopeatve tanng t was estabshed n
56 nder the Cona Wefare and eveopment Fnd The
Maaian government had aso contribted to It deveopment b
prOViding trainng faities to cooperatve coeges Thi coege I o
proVde traning and edcation speifica In the fied of cooperative
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maagemet t a peratve Maaya ad t ther deparmet
tha have her perave evaged tha the rag
reu eetve ad effe peratve admra Cperave
Cege Maaya, Aua epr 1993)
96 the ura dutry Devepmet Authrty DA) et
up Cmmuty Devepme Deparmet KEMAS) The ma
betve f the tut eradate the teray amg adut
rura area ad t brg abu hage he attude f the mmuty
tard rura devepmet Thee ere de thrugh evera
prgramme uh a predtg the mmuty devepg the
tatve f the mmuty ad uderpg programme KEMAS
had a a prgramme aed "A Famy We-eg Mvemet GKK)
hh fue atvte uh a eduat heath, ed
geerat yuth, harmu famy evrme ad avte tha
ehae the famy me
The mmtmet t upgrade the em ad a tatu f
Bumputera dgeeu pepe) ead t the etabhet f Ma
Amaah akyat MAA) 1966 hh repaed DA. The em
ad a atu upgradg effrt ere de thrugh atvte
erepreeurhp rpra equty erhp, ad huma
reure devepme Th agey revve arud mpemetg
evera atvte area f edary eduat k trag
eduaa prhp ad mmera eduat The rbut
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0
of the trann dvson of MAA In these feds has been snfcant
The trann s desned to Introdce and nccate a scent eve o
trade and craft sk to ra Maas and other ndenos oths to
enabe hem to obtan podctve empome
The Natona oth oneer Corps NC) was estabshed In
966 to provde dscpnar and sk trann fo oths who cod not
norma an admsson nto other forma trann prorammes
becase of ther edcatona standards t condcted trann n eht
trades, rann from motor mechancs tractor drvn and mantenance
to taorn Maasa 9 9 ) .
n 973, the overnment se p bber ndstr Smahoders
Deveopment Athort SDA). The msson s "to estabsh a
prosperos smahoders commnt throh the deveopment of ever
aspect of soca-economc endeavor. SDA ndertakes to ofer
extenson edcaton actvtes to the farmers, ther fames and as we
as ther commntes Amon the prorammes t ofered are
repantn, farm manaement sma ndstr anma hsbandr and
marketn of arctra prodces
n the fed of cv servce the need to tran the overnment
empoees eads to the estabshment of Natona nsttte of Pbc
Admnstraton NTAN) n 972 Ths aenc s responsbe for
trann overnment empoees n the broad areas of admnstraton
and manaement he aen rodes trann and trann