International mobility in higher education in Europe:

trends, hurdles, incentives

Jean-Pierre DE GREVEVrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium

jpdgreve@vub.ac.be

J.P. DE GREVE, VUB, BRUSSELS 2012.03.08 9 th China Study Abroad Forum, Beijing

欧洲高等教育国际学生流动趋势、阻碍、 激励

32 countries in Europe欧洲 32 国国际学生概况

1.5 million foreign students enrolled in 2006 - 2007

50.9% internationalglobal student market

Large growth:1998-1999 2006-2007

between 50% and

82%

*Teichler, Ferencz ,Wächter, 2011

United KingdomGermanyFrance

2/3of all foreign students*

*Teichler, Ferencz ,Wächter, 2011

英德法三国拥有欧洲2/3 的外国学生

Outgoing mobility of Chinese students to Europe* (share of entrants by destination)

* Chinese MoE 2008

中国学生在欧洲国家留学目的地分布情况

FranceGermanyUnited Kingdom

Case study:Belgium: international students

All students: 393 687Female: 57 %,Foreign: 47 218 (12%)

Countries:

1. France (37.9%) 2. Netherlands (7.3%)3. Morocco (5.6%) ….. 8. China (2.5%)

Fields of study:

1. Health&Welfare (34.7%)

2. Social Sci, Bus & Law (23.3%)

3. Humanities&Art (14.4%);

4. Engineering (7.9%)5. Science (7.1%)

比利时国际学生概况

2007-2008

2006-2007

2005-2006

2004-2005

2003-2004

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

Trend ~13%

Trend credit mobility (EU ERASMUS Program) Incoming: small countries

Belgium

Cyprus

Estonia

Romania

欧盟伊拉斯谟学生流动趋势（小国流入）

2008-2009

2007-2008

2006-2007

2005-2006

2004-2005

2003-2004

2002-2003

2001-2002

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

160000

180000

200000

Trend ~40%

Trend credit mobility (EU ERASMUS Program) Incoming: large countries

Germany

Austria

Spain

欧盟伊拉斯谟学生流动趋势（大国流入）

General Hurdles In and Out

lack of information Universitylow motivation, little to no personal interest Uinadequate financial support Governmentforeign language skills deficiencies Uinsufficient time in curriculum Ulegal barriers (visa and immigration) G problems gaining recognition of credits* abroad

U+G

*Credits: awarded for successful completion of courses

学生流动障碍

Possible remedies

Financial incentives: portable grants and loans

Curricular incentives: ECTS, diploma supplement

More mobility windows (incl. internships/thesis)

Personal incentives (professors, authorities)

可行的解决方法

The future: a new EC policy (2014)

one programme ‘ERASMUS for All’ ( 全民伊拉斯谟计划 )

increased efficiency, easier application, reduced duplication and fragmentation.

study, training, teaching and volunteering opportunities abroad

support for IT platforms, such as e-twinning

Overall budget:

€19 billion Euro ( 约 160 亿元人民币 ) over 7 years

€1.8 billion ( 约 15 亿元人民币 ) for international cooperation

欧盟委员会 2014 年的新政策

1. Learning opportunities

both within the EU and beyondEuropeans can go anywhere in the worldnon-European students and staff : study, teach

and learn in Europe (mostly neighboring countries)

2.2 million students二百二十万 学生

更多学习机会

2. Institutional cooperation

employability, creativity and entrepreneurship 受雇能力、创造力 和 企业家的培养

development and implementation of innovative practices in education, training and youth activities

University Business

创新实践

机构间的合作

3. Support for policy reform in Member States and cooperation with non-EU countries

in 27 Member Statescooperation with non-EU countries

支持欧盟成员国政策改革以及与非欧盟国家的合作

Two novelties

A loan guarantee scheme for Master's degree students to finance their studies abroad

The creation of 400 'knowledge alliances' and 'sector skills alliances'.- large-scale partnerships between higher education institutions and businesses - creativity, innovation and entrepreneurship

知识 联盟

两个新政策

Case study: Internationalisation at VUB 布鲁塞尔自由大学国际化进程

1927 Solvay Conference

Brussels, heart of Europe布鲁塞尔 欧洲首都

International Relations & Mobility OfficeEducation:

- Research oriented and research integrated approach(Chinese students: 98 Master, 76 PhD and Postdoc; 4th country with 7% of total student population)- English taught Master programmes (Engineering, Computer Science, Communication Sciences, …), Specific bridge programmes (BICCS)

Programs:- Erasmus Mundus , ASEM Duo, Internships

Projects: - Joint PhD’s, Trans Continental Internship Program, Summer School

Strategic efforts 2012-2016Extra incentives for faculty mobilityReform of curriculumAdditional mobility grantsOn-campus mobility fair (twice a year)International internship campaignInternational alumni networks

Thank you!

J.P. DE GREVE, VUB, BRUSSELS 2012.03.08 9 th China Study Abroad Forum, Beijing

谢谢jpdgreve@vub.ac.be