Post on 14-Apr-2018
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ISLAMIC ETHICS: VIEWSOF MUSLIM SCHOLAR
( AL-KINDI :ABUYUSUFYAQUBIBNISHAQ )FREEDOMANDIMMORTALITY
WEEK6
Presented By:1. RUSIAH BT SIDEK ( 1022500 )2. NURAHASLINA ABDUL GHANI ( 1029040 )3. NUR AIDA MD RAZALI ( 1025926 )4. NOR SAFRENA MAHMOOD ( 1025060 )5. MOHD SYAKIR BIN JAMALUDIN (1026771 )
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Al-Kindi
801-870
A.D
Known asMuslim
philosopher
Mastered thephilosophyof Aristotleand Plato.
His skills alsocovered many
fields includingmedicine ,
mathematics, music, astrology and
optics
Served as
tutor to theson of the
Khalifah al-Mutasim.
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Al-Kindi
801-870A.D
Al-Qifti. One ogf themedieval slamic bio-bibliographers, assertedthat al-Kindi was skilled
in the artsof Greeks, thePersianand the Hindus.
Attempted to
harmonise Greekphilosophy with the
tenet of Islam
Relied on reasonas source of truthand believed thatrevelation also
guided humanityto the same goal
According to him,
Philosophy was theestablishment ofwhat is true and
right.
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EthicalView
1.Emphasised the pursuitof serenity ( peaceful) in
this life through self-desciplene and exercise ofreason, rather than reward
in the afterlife.
2.The true values of aperson lies in the soul ,
not the body
3.Concentrated more onthe development of the
mind and soul , rather thanlife of body.
4. Considered the aim ofphilosophy lies in realtion
to morality.
5.Knowledge is not onlyto discriminate betweengood and evil but also to
preserve the purity of the
soul which is able toattain real hapiness.
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EthicalView
7. Justice is thehappy between the
two etremes ofexceaa and
deficiency
8.Define virtue asa praiseworthy
human disposition
9. By virtue of the
minds devine
nature, man has a
propensity to do the
good.
6. Theory ofmorality is of thenatural inclinationof man to do the
good.
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Ethical
View
10. Evil is notappropriate to mansnature. Evil resultsfrom the triumph of
passion over reason.
11. The good is thechoice between being
ourselves or beingsimilar to animals( a
choice of values.
12.Knowledge is themeans which manprotect aganints
spiritual and bodilydisease.
13. The way toworldly happiness is
to reduce to aminimum all externalpossessions , whichcause only sorrow..
14. The way tootherworldly
happiness is to knowGod and perform
those which we knowbrings us near to
Him.
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EthicalView
15 He define virtueas a praiseworthyhuman disposition
16. Adopted the fourPlatos view of virtue :
(i) Wisdom
(ii) Courage
(iii) Continence
(iv) justice
17 .The first three arevirtues of the soul,
meaning that they areharmonius action within
the soul itself.
18. The fourth is anactivity of the soul
outside the body;justice refer mansharmonious actionwithin the realm of
social relation.
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Ethical
View
19.Justice is thehappy balance
between the twoextremes of excess
and deficiency.. 20.The veryessenseofthe souls
true actions ismoderation whichderived from the
goldenmean.(justice/adl).
21.The mean of thediscriminating faculty:
good or evils.
GeorgeN.Atiyeh,1985
22. The mean of irascible
faculty ;neither to eat lessthan is necessary to keepone alive , not to overeatlead his soul unable to
perform its naoble duties.
George N.Atiyeh ,1985
23.Al-Kindi s maximsare humanistic in
nature or theyunderline the
soundness of mansjust actions.
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EthicalView
24.Honesty is an amourof protection.
25.Sorrow is apshchological pain,
resulting from theloss of what is dear
to ones heart.
26.To avoid sorrow, one shouldlook upwards at the intelligibleworld and should confine ones
desire and objects of love tothose things.
27.The principlecause of sorrows:loss of externals
and failure to attainwhat we highly
cherish + al-kindi ;the fear of death..
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EthicalView
28. Kindis work isadopted from Socrates
e.g;
- Spiritual Values are the
essense of life.
29. Wisdom is considered
of the greatest value andsecure means to realhapiness.
30.Death should be frighten us,for the bitterness of death doesnot result from death itself but
from fear of it.
31.Justice isconsidered as greatest
of all virtues, what isjust good and what is
not is evil.
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