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[RT" Italiana cli Paleontologia e Stratigrafia
LAMPADENA IONICA: A NE\T TELEOST FROMTHE MEDITERRANEAN PLEISTOCENE.
ANGELA GIRONE'! & DIRK NOLF'I'I
Recei.oed December 27,2Aa1; accepted May 3,2Aa2
Key uords: Lampadena, Pleistocene, sourhern ftaly.
Riassunto. Viene descritta la nuova specie Lampadena ionica(Myctophidae, teleostei) riscontrata in depositi del Pleistocene infe-riore-medio dell'Italia meridionale. In particolare L. ionica è statariconosciuta dalla biozona a "la,rge Gephyrocapsa" a quella a Pseudoe
milianìa lacunosa ed apparentemente sembra estinguersi prima dellafine del Pleistocene. Sebbene il genere Lampadena sia rutrora viventcsolo negli oceani Atlantico e Indo-Pacifico, esso è noto nel Mediterra-neo sin dal Miocene inferiore. L. ionica sembra essere I'unica specie diquesto genere esìstente neÌ Pleistocene del Mediterraneo. Sino ad oraè stata rinvenuta associata a fauna bentonica (invertebrati e vertebr,ltì1caratteristica di ambienti batiali indìcante una profondità maggìore di)uu lnetrt.
Abstract. The new spectes Lampadena ionica (Mvctophidae,Teleostei) is described from lou.er and middle Pleistocene deposits ofsouthern Italy. In particular, L. ionica is known from the "large Gepby-rocapsa" up to the Pseudoemiliania lacunosa biozone. Apparentlr.., thespecies became extinct before the end of the Pleistocene. Although thegenrs Lampadena Iives only outside the Mediterranean today, ìr is
known from the Mediterranean reaim since the early Miocene. Z. lon -lca seems to be the only species of the genus Lampadena existing in thePleistocene deposits of the Mediterranean area.
The new species has been found only associated nith benthicfaunas (invertebrate and vertebrate) indicating an bathyal environmentdeeper than 500m.
Introduction
The genus Lampadena Goode & Bean, 1896 wasknown as a fossil in the Mediterranean realm fromMiocene and Pliocene deposits but is not representedthere in the Recent fauna. The Miocene species are theextincr L. gracile (Schubert 1912) and L. speculigeroidesBrzobohaty Ee Nolf, 1996.In the Pliocene, the Recent Z.dea Fraser-Brunner, 1949 is recorded from Zanclean(Lower Pliocene) deposits of the western Mediterranean(Nolf er Cappetta 1988; Nolf et al. 1998). In the Recentfauna, the latter species is restricted to the southern partof the Indian and Pacific Oceans, betsreen the latitudes
of approximately 2O"S and 5O"S (Nafpaktitis & Paxton1968). Recent taxonomic srudies on the MediterraneanPleistocene otoliths revealed the presence of a newspecies, Lampadena ionica, from two sites in southernItaly. The otoliths of the species described here can eas-
i1y be distinguished from the other Lampadena speciesof the Mediterranean Miocene and Pliocene as s/ell as
from the living species.
Otoliths of Lampadena ionica n. sp. were collect,ed from silty Pleistocene deposits ar rwo locations insouthern Italy.
Montalbano Jonico - A composite succession ofmarine Pleistocene deposits, over 400 m thick, wasreconstructed aiong the internal border of the southernApennines Foredeep (Montalbano Jonico area, Fig. 1)
(Ciaranfi et al. 1997). It consists mainly of terrigenousclayey-silts and silty-clays in the basal and middle part,and of sandy-silts, silty-sands, and sand bodies in theupper part. Nine volcaniclastic layers (V1-V9) are
included at various heights, and a marine conglomeratetops the succession (Fig. 1).
Calcareous nannofossil assemblases indicates a
lower to middle Pleistocene age, and the successron wasproposed to locate the GSSP of the Lower-Middle Pleis-tocene (Ciaranfi et
^1. 1,997). The basal part of the sec-
tion belongs to the "Iarge Gephyrocapsatt and "smallGephyrocapsa" nannofossil biozones, and the middle andupper part to the Psewdoemiliania lacunosa nannofossilbiozone (Ciaranfi et al. 2001; Marino 1996).
Palaecological, taphonomical, and sedimentologi-cal analyses suggest a general regressive trend fromupper slope to shoreface environmenrs.
The otoliths studied were collected from the first1.2 m of the section, named Entalina section, whichbelongs to the Lower Pleistocene (Iarge Gephyrocapsanannofossil biozone). The benthic invertebrate associa-
'lDipartimento di Geologia e Geofisica, Unìversità di Bari, r.ia E. Orabona 4,7A125 Bari : email girone@geo.uniba.ir'r'rInstìtut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, rue Vautier 29, B-1000 Bruxelles: email Dirk.Nolf@natuurwetenschappen.be
494 A. Girone & D. Nolf
tions and the otolith associations are dominated bybathyal species suggesting a palaeodepth of 500-600 m(Ciaranfi et al. 2001; Girone 2000).
Archi - This section, 9 m thick, is located near Reg-
gio Calabria, southern Italy, (Fig. 1) at about 90 m above
the sea level and is particularly well-exposed along a N-S abandoned quarry front. The section, lower-middlePleistocene in age, mainly consists of well stratifiedpelitic sediments with a general slight westward slopingof the beds (Di Geronimo et al. 1997).The depositionoccurred during a cold phase, as inferred from the plank-tonic foraminiferal assemblages. The invertebrate benth-ic faunas (foraminifers, moiluscs, bryozoans, and ser-
pulids) (Di Geronimo et al. op. cit.) as well as the fishotoliths (Girone 2OO0) testify a bathyal palaeoenvrron-ment, 5OO to 1OOO m deep. The occurrence of L. ionicain the section is show in Fie. 1.
Systematic palaeontology
Terminology applied to otolith morphology fol-lows Nolf (1985). The classification adopted is that ofRosen (1973)
Subsection CTENOSQUAMATA Rosen, 1973
Sept SCOPELOMORPHA Rosen, 1923
Order Myctophiformes Regan, 1911
Family Myctophifdae E Gill, 1893
Genus Lampadena Goode & Bean, 1896
Fio I Loc.rrion of Monrelb:no Jon-ico and Archi sections.
Type species. - Lampadena speculigera Goode tr Bean, 1896.
The otolìths of the species of the genus Lampadena generally
have large and oval-shaped otoliths, considerabiy longer thrn high.
They can show a slight or absent posterodorsal notch. Only one
Recent species L. anomala has a small and more round-shaped otolith.
Lampadena ionica new species
Fig. 2 a-e
Etymology, - From the Montalbano Jonico Section (Basilicata,
southern Italv), the type locality.Type materiaì, - Holorrpe: a left oroìith 'Fig. 2ar /DGCUB
AG 1) from the Entalina section (Montalbano Jonico Composite Sec-
tion) Lon er PÌeistocene in age; 1O parat,vpes! of which four are figured
(Fig. 2b-e) (DGGUB AG 2-s).Type locality. - Montalbano Jonico section, southern ltalv.
Repository. - Dipartimento di Geologia e Geofisica, Università
degli Studi di Bari, Italy (DGGUB AG1-s).
Dìagnosis. A species characterised by moderately thin, oval
shaped otoliths becoming more elongated with the growth. The ros-
trum is large and salient with no antirostrum. The posterodorsal angle
is r-ide and moderately notched. The sulcus is t-ide.
Description
This species is characterized by oval-shaped
otoliths with a wide sulcus. The ostium is somewhat
longer than the cauda. The caudal colliculum is narrow-er than the ostial one, which becomes slender towards
the anterior end. The cristae become obsolete in the
posterior part of the otolith; the superior one is wellmarked and more linear than the inferior one. The col-
Lampadena ioníca, a nea teleost
Lampadena lozlca, lVlontalbano Jonico, Ìou'er Pleistocene (large Gephyrocapsa biozone): a) holotl-pe; left otolith; b-c) paratypes, leitorolìth': ll-s' p.rr.rrrLrc': r'i1hr orolirh': dl renrrr'ri.*.
495
Fig. l
licular crest is elongated and separated from the cristainferior by a deep furrow The dorsal and ventral areas
are very similar in size; the former is characterized b1- :r
depression covering most of its surface. This depressionis deeper just above the crista superior and becomesmore smooth towards the dorsal rim. The ventral area is
slightiy conyex and bears a shallou.. groove near to theventral rim. In large specimens, the dorsal rim is trun-cated in its posterior part (behind rhe posterodorsalangle) where it reaches its maximum height. In sn-iall
specimens the dorsal rim shows a regular curr.e. Theventral rim is curved but not semicircular and bears
irregularly spaced obtuse spines. The anterior spines i3or 4 in number) are more pointed and are closer to each
other. They are separated b). deep furrou's on the innerface. The posterior rim is globally rounded, but the loba-tion shows a marked variability among the availablespecimens. In several llrger ones, it bears two or threelobes near the posterodorsal angle. The outer face is
irregularly convex with the maximal convexity located inthe posterior part. The surface of this face shows a low.
elongate umbo in the central part and numerous radiallobes in the marginai zone.
Affinities. Otoliths of Lampaclena ionica can be dis-tinguished from those of the fossil species L. gracile(Schubert, 1912) and L. speculigeroides Brzobohaty ttNolf, 1996 from the Mediterranean Miocene bv theirnotched and wide posterodorsal angle, their less pro-nounced rostrum and a more rounded and convex ocrs-
terior mrrgin. In Lhe tn o M iocene species, this nrargin is
linear and subvertical (Brzobohaty & Nolf 1996, pI. 4,
figs. 1-6 and figs. 12-1o1.
ln the Recent fauna, the genus Lampadena is rep-resented by eight nominal species and one subspecies(Paxton 1979). Orcliths collected from the stomachcontenr of r pigmv sperm whale (.Kogia simus) caughtoff Taiji, Japan, are different from all other presentlyknori,'n Lamapadena species and apparentlv represent e
ninth species (P1. 1, tig.22), but the entire fishes havenot been causht. Otoliths of all known taxa have beenfigured bv various authors and those pictures are scar-tered through the literature. References to rhese sourcesare listed in Table 1, which also provides a sur\-ey of rhegeographic distribution of each taxon. Otoliths of al1
those Recent taxa are also figured on Pl. 1, which forseveral of species, provides gro\\rth series that never havebeen published before.
Otoliths of L. ionica differ from those of L. lumi-nosa (Garman 1899) (P1. 1, fig. 1-4) and L. urophaosPax-ton,1963 (Pl. 1, fig. 16-17) by a wider sulcus, a pos-terodorsal angle which is conspicuously obtuse and, inadult specimens, a less notched superior part of thepostrior rim. In the medium-sized otoliths of the pres-ent Pleistocene species and the Recent L. luminosa, thetwo lrtter features appear to be very similar, but themedium-sized as q.ell as the large specimens of L, ionìcaare less oblongate and have a wider-shaped anrerior parrthan I. lumirtosa. The features that distinguish the Pleis-tocene species from the Pacific L. urophaos are much
NOMINAL SPECiES FIGURED OTOLITHS DISTRIBUTION
Lampadena anomala Pan. I 928
Lampadena chavesí Collet, 1905
Lampadena dea Fraser-Brunner, 1949
Lampadena luminosa (Garman. 1899)
Lampadena notialís Nafpaktitis & Paxton, 1968
Lampadena pontifex Krefft, 1970
Lampadena speculigera Goode & Bean, i896
Lampadena urophaos urophaos Paxton, 1963
Lampadena urophaos atlantica Maul, 1969
Lampadena sp. A
Pl. 1, Fig.9-10Cor-strl,a.N & Nappaxrtr:s, 1912, fig. 4C, p, 7NAFpAKrns & P,qxroN, 1968, fig. 10.8, p. 24
Pl. l. Fig. 5-8Nappa,rrrrrs & P,txroN, 1968, fig. 10.7 , p. 24Suele et al., 1995, pI.21, fig. E1-3
PÌ. 1, Fig. 18
Napparrrrrs & PaxroN, 1968, fig. 10.6,p.24Reow, nsra,1992, fig. 36, p. 186
Pì. 1, Fig. 1-4Napperrrrrs & P,q.xroN, 1968, fig. 10.1, p. 24RrveroN & BounRer, 1999, pl. I 19, figs. 1-13Sua.r-E et al., i995, pl. 21, fig. F1-2
Pl. 1, Fig. 1 i-12NnppRrrrrrs & PaxroN, 1968, fig. 10.5,p.24Suers et al., 1995, pl. 2I, fig. G2,not Gl(?: Bolinichthys)
Pl. 1, Fig. 20-2iKRrppr, 1970, fig. 3, p.280
Pl. I, Fig. 13-15Nerpe.rtrrrs & Pe,xroN, 1968, fig. 4, p. 12, frg.10.1 , p. 24Svers er al,, 1995, pi. 21, fig. A1-3
Pl. 1, Fig. 16-17KotLyeR & P,qnlN, 1990, fig. 2, p. 101
Nepperrlrrs & PAXroN, 1968, fig. \0.2,p.24RlvaroN & Bounnrr, 1999, pl. 1 19, figs. 14-19
Pl. 1, Fig. 22Nerparcrrrrs & Paxrou. 1968, fig
19FioP1
10.3
Atlantic, Indian Ocean,east and central Pacific
N and S Atiantic,antitropical; southemIndian and Pacificoceans
Southem parts ofallthree oceans, between20 and 50"S
Atlantic, eastern Pacifi c
Southern Ocean
Atlantic, mainlyMauritanian upwelling
N Atlantic, S Atlantic,S Indian ocean, SEPacifrc
Eastern Pacific
N Atlantic
Off Japan, otoliths fromstomach content ofsperm whale Kogiasinasl fish unknown
496 A. Girone & D. Nolf
Table 1 - List of Recent species of the genus Lampadena. The references on iconography and the geographic distribution are also reported.
more marked in the Atlantic subspecies L. urophaos
atlantica Maul, 1969 (Pl. 1, fig. 19) that, in addition toother features, has a more elongated antirostrum and a
more salient rostrum than L. ionica.Although the general shape of otoliths of L. ioni-
ca shows some similarity to those of the Recent NorthAtlantic L. notialis Nafpaktitis & Paxton, 1968 (P1. 1,
fig. 11-12), the Pleistocene specimens differ from thelatter by having a larger sulcus, a more salient pos-terodorsal angle and a more expanded anteroventralarea. In L. notialis the antirostrum is well developedwhile in L. ionica it is almost absent. These differencescan also be observed in the medium sized-otolith of Z.
notialis from the south Atlantic figured by NafpaktitisEr Paxton (1968, fig. 10) in which the anterior part of thedorsal area is wider than in L. ionica.
Otoliths of the I. ionica differs from those of Z.
deaFraser-Brunner, 1949 (P1. 1, fig. 18), known as fossilfrom the Lower Pliocene deposits of the Mediterraneanrealm, by their marked rostrum and their more obtuseposterodorsal angle which, in the recent species, is near-1y right. Moreoveq L. dea generally shows a well distinctrostrum and antirostrum (Nafpaktitis Er Paxton 1968).
The more obtuse posterodorsal angle is also thefeature that distinguishes otoliths of L, ionica fromthose of the recent L. pontifex (Pl. 1, [rg. 20-21) and
Pl. 1 Lampadena ionica, a nezu teleost 497
PLATE 1
The Recent specimens figured in this plate are from the collection IRSNB (Institut Ro1'al des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique). Fig. 1-a) Lampadena lumi-nosa,leftotoliths.Recent: Gulf ofMexico.Fig.5-B)Lampadenacha'",esiCollet,1905, leftotoliths.Recent:Atlantic,off theAzores.Fig.g-10) LampadenaanomalaParr,1928,left otoliths. Recent: Atlantic (Researchvessel Knorq station 65). Fig. 11-12) Lampadenanotìalis Nafpaktitis & Paxton, 1968, leftotoliths. Recent: 11) South \West Atlantic (Research vessel Valter Herwìg statìon 362), coll. SCH\IARZHANS; 12) off New South \Wales, Australia. Fig.13-1.5)Lampadenaspeculi.geraGoode&Bean, 1896, leftotoliths.Recent:13)Atiantic,offNlllreland;14-15)GulfofBiscaye.Fig. 16-17) Lampadena
uropbaosPuton, 1963, leftotoliths:fig. 16) NewCaledonia,fig. 1Z)California,Recent:16) offNewCaledonia;12)offCalifornia.Fig. 18 Lampadena
deaFraser-Brunner,I949,left otolìths. Recent: SE Pacific. Fig. 79) Lampadena urophaos atkiltic.lMaul, 1969, right otoliths. Recent: off Portugal, Atlanric.Fig. 20-21) Lampadenapontifex lkeflì, 1970, left otoliths. Recent: Atlantic (Research vessel Atlantis II sration 59). Fig.22) Lampadena sp. A,left otolith.Recent: from the stomach content of a pigmy sperm whale (Kogia simus) caught offTaiji,Japan. Redraq afterNafpaktitis Er Paxton (1968, fig. 10.3)
Lampadena luminosa(Genmr, 1899)
Lampodena chavesi
CoLLErr, 1905
PARR, i928
:.--=--_---1t"
Lampadena speculigeraGoooE & BEAN, 1896
lmm-\ -J tt
,/f- -\""/rl€l+;gl
,,r'.\iMtoLampadena nolialis
NAFPAKTITIS &PAXTON, 1968
Lampadena pontiÉr KREFFT, 1970
Lampadena urophaos PAxroN, 1963
Lampadena dea
FRASER-BRUNNER, 1949
Lampadena urophaos atlanticaMAUL, 1969
498 A. Girone & D. Nolf
REFERENCES
Lampadena sp. A (P1. l, frg. 22).
In the Recent L, speculigera and L. anomald, rhe
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genus Thaningichthys (Myctophidae). Otoliths of L. ion-ica c\ear\y belong ro the Lampadena group with elongate
otoliths and are quite different from the high-shaped L.
anomala morphology.
Distribution
Lampadena ionica first appears in the Lower Pleis-
tocene beds ("large Gepbyrocaps4" nannofossil biozone)in the basal part of the Montalbano Jonico section. The
presence of L. ionica in the bathyal assemblages fromthe Archi Section (Calabria, Southern Itaiy), referable tothe "sma11 Gephyrocapsa" and the Pseudoemilianialacwnosa nannofossil biozones (Di Geronimo et al.
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associations referable to the "small Gephyrocapsa" bio-zone.
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