INTRODUCTION TO THEOLOGYAl-Aqīdah Al-Ṭaḥāwiyyah

Aqīdah 1011.25.15 – 4.19.15

Introduction• Importance of seeking knowledge

• What is aqīdah

• About Imām Al-Taḥāwī

• About Al-Aqīdah Al-Ṭaḥāwiyyah

Opening

الرحيم الرحمن االله بسم

االله رحمه بمصر الطحاوي الوراق جعفر أبو اإلسالم حجة العالمة :قال

أبي الملة فقهاء مذهب على والجماعة السنة أهل عقيدة بيان ذكر هذاإبراهيم بن يعقوب يوسف وأبي ، الكوفي ثابت ابن النعمان حنيفة

االله رضوان ، الشيباني الحسن بن محمد االله عبد وأبي ، األنصاريعليهم

العالمي لرب به ويدينون ، الدين Aأصول من يعتقدون وما ، أجمعين

Opening

In the Name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, Most Merciful

The Great Scholar, Proof of Islām, Abū Jaʿfar al-Warrāq al-Ṭaḥāwī said, whilst in Egypt:

This is an exposition of the beliefs of the Ahl al-Sunna wa al-Jamāʿa, according to the Jurists of this religion, Abū Ḥanīfa Nuʿmān ibn Thābit al-Kūfī, Abū Yūsuf Yaʿqūb ibn Ibrāhīm al-Anṣārī and Abū ʿAbdullāh Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan al-Shaybānī - May Allah be pleased with them all and what they believe with respect to the fundamentals of religion and have faith in regarding the Lord of the Worlds.

ONENESS OF ALLAHTawḥīd

توحيد

Oneness of Allah

معتقدين االله توحيد في قولاالله بتوفيق

We say with respect to the Oneness of Allah, believing by Allah’s assistance:

Oneness of Allah

شريك ال واحد االله إنله

Indeed Allah is One. He has no partner.

Oneness of Allah

مثله شىء والThere is nothing like Him.

Oneness of Allah

يعجزه شىء والThere is nothing that can

incapacitate Him.

Oneness of Allah

غيره إله والThere is no deity besides Him.

ATTRIBUTES OF ALLAHṢifāt

صفات

Attributes of Allah

بال دائم ابتداء بال قديمانتهاء

He is Eternal without a beginning and Everlasting without an end

Attributes of Allah

يبيد وال يفنى الHe will never perish nor cease to

exist

Attributes of Allah

يريد ما إال يكون P والNothing occurs except what He

wills

Attributes of Allah

تدركه وال األوهام تبلغه الاألفهام

Imagination cannot conceive Him nor can intellect comprehend Him

Attributes of Allah

األنام تشبهه والNor do created beings resemble

Him

Attributes of Allah

ال قيوم يموت، ال حي ينام

He is the Ever-Living who never dies and the All-Sustaining who never

sleeps

Attributes of Allah

بال رازق ، حاجة بال خالقمؤنة

He creates without any need and sustains without any effort

Attributes of Allah

بال باعث ، مخافة بال مميتمشقة

He causes death without any fear and He raises to life without any difficulty

Attributes of Allah يزدد لم خلقه قبل قديما بصفاته زال ماصفته من قبلهم يكن لم شيئا بكوهنميزال ال كذلك أزليا بصفاته كان وكما

أبديا عليهاHe has always existed together with His attributes eternally

since before His creation. The creation’s coming into existence did not cause His attributes to increase in

anything that was not there before them. As he was with His attributes Eternal so He will remain with those attributes

forever.

Attributes of Allah

وال الخالق اسم استفاد الخلق خلق بعد ليسمعنى له البارىء اسم استفاد البرية بإحداثه

وال الخالقية ومعنى مربوب وال الربوبيةمخلوق

He did not acquire the name of ‘Creator’ after creating the creation nor by bringing them into origin did he acquire the name ‘Originator.’ His was the quality of Sustention even when there was nothing to be sustained and the quality of

being Creator even when there was no creation.

Attributes of Allah

استحق أحياهم بعدما الموتى محيي أنه وكمااسم استحق كذلك إحيائهم قبل االسم هذا

إنشائهم قبل الخالقLike how He was the ‘Giver of life’ to the dead after He

brought them to life, He deserved this name even before bringing them to life. Similarly He deserved the

name ‘Creator’ even before creating them.

Attributes of Allah

شىء وكل ، قدير شىء كل على بأنه ذلكإلى يحتاج ال ، يسي عليه أمر وكل ، فقير إليه

شىء{ PصAير[ الب السمAيع[ Pه[وPو aيء Pش AهA PمAثل ك PيسP {ل

That is because He has full power over everything, everything is in need of Him, every matter is easy for Him

and He is not in need of anything.

{There is nothing like Him and He is the All-Hearing, the All-Seeing.}

Attributes of Allah

وقدر بعلمه الخلق خلقلهم وضرب أقدارا لهم

آجاالHe created the creation with His

knowledge, determined destinies for them and fixed for them life spans.

Attributes of Allah

أفعالهم من شىء عليه يخف ولمهم ما وعلم خلقهم أن قبل

يخلقهم أن قبل عاملونNothing of their actions was hidden from Him

before He created them, and He knew everything that they would do before creating them.

Attributes of Allah

عن وهناهم بطاعته وأمرهم معصيته

He enjoined on them His obedience and prohibited them from His disobedience

Attributes of Allah

، بتقديره يجري شىء وكلمشيئة ال تنفذ ومشيئته ، ومشيئته

لهم شاء فما ، لهم شاء ما إال للعباديكن لم يشأ لم وما ، كان

Everything occurs by His Decree and Will. His Will is accomplished. The slaves have no will except what He

has willed for them. What He has willed for them occurs and what He has not willed does not occur.

Attributes of Allah

ويعافي ويعصم ، يشاء من يهديويخذل يشاء من ويضل ، فضال

عدال ويبتليHe guides whomsoever He wills, and protects and grants safety (to them) out of (His) Grace; and He leads astray whomsoever He wills, and forsakes

and tries (them) out of (His) Justice.

Attributes of Allah

بين مشيئته في يتقلبون وكلهموعدله فضله

All of them waver in His Will between His Grace and His Justice.

Attributes of Allah

واألنداد األضداد عن متعال وهوHe is above having opponents or rivals.

Attributes of Allah

معقب وال ، لقضائه راد الألمره غالب وال ، لحكمه

There is none that can ward off His decree. There is none that can set back His command. There is none that can overpower His affair.

Attributes of Allah

من كال أن وأيقنا ، كله بذلك ءامناعنده

We believe in all of that and we are certain that everything is from Him.

PROPHETHOODNubūwah

نبوة

Prophethood

عبده وسلم Aعليه الله صلى محمدا وأنرسوله و المجتبى، نبيه و المصطفى،

المرتضىAnd (we say) that Muhammad, may Allah bless

him and grant him peace, is His chosen Slave, His elected Prophet, and His selected Messenger

Prophethood

وإماماألتقياء، األنبياء، خا متوأنهوحبيبرب املرسلني، وسيد

ملنيالعاAnd that he is the Seal of the Prophets, the Leader of the Pious, the Chief of the Messengers and the

Beloved of the Lord of the Worlds

Prophethood

فغي نبوته بعد نبوة دعوة كل ووهوى

Every claim to Prophethood after him is false and pretence

Prophethood

وكافة اجلن عامة املبعوثإىل وهووالضياء وبالنور واهلدى باحلق الورى

He is the one who has been sent to all of jinn and mankind with truth and guidance and with light and

illumination

THE SPEECH OF ALLAHKalāmu`llah

كالمهللا

Speech of Allah jوالPق kيةAيفP ك PالA ب PدPا ب مAنه[ Aالله م[ PالP ك Pالق[رآن Aن وPإ Pون] الم[ؤمAن وPصPدقPه[ jا وPحي AهA ول س[ Pر عPلPى Pه[ ل Pنز

P وPأPعPالPى ت Aالله م[ PالP ك نه[

P أ [وا PيقPن وPأ حPقlا PكAلPذ عPلPىفPمPن . AيةAرP الب A م PالP Pك ك kخل[وقPمA ب PيسP ل AةPيقAقPالحA بوPقPد^ PرPفP ك فPقPد^ Aر PشP الب م[ PالP ك نه[

P أ PمPع PزPف مAعPه[ Pس PالPق حPيث[ PرPق PسA ب وعPدPه[

P وPأ Pه[ وPعPاب الله[ ذPمه[PعPالPى ر� ت ق� س� ل�يه� ص

أ� قPرP س� PسA ب الله[ PدPوعP أ Pما فPل

PالPق AمPن ر� ل الب�ش� ول� ق� إ�ال� ذ�ا ه� Pا إ�ن Aمن عPل PولPق Aه[ [شب ي PالPو Aر PشP الب AقA خPال قPول[ نه[

P أ PيقPنا وPأAر PشP الب

Speech of Allah

(And we say) that the Qurʾān is the word of Allāh. It came from Him as speech without (our comprehending its) form. He sent it down on His Messenger as revelation. The believers believed him and testified to that, as absolute truth. They are certain that it is the word of Allah in

reality and it is not created, as is the speech of created beings. Whoever listens to it and asserts that it is the speech of man has

committed disbelief and Allah has reproached and criticized him and threatened him with his punishment when He, Most High said, ‘I will

enter him into the Blazing Fire.’ Since Allah threatened with the blazing fire those who say ‘This is not but the speech of man’ we

know with certainty that it is the speech of the Creator of man and that the speech of man does not resemble it.

Speech of Allah

البشر معاين من وصفاهللامبعىن ومنمثل وعن اعترب، هذا أبصر فمن كفر، فقدليس بصفاته أنه وعلم انزجر، الكفار قول

كالبشرAnyone who describes Allah with any of the characteristics of human beings has committed disbelief. Whoever sees this takes lesson and refrains from statements similar to

that of the disbelievers, and knows that Allah together with His attributes, is unlike man.

THE VISIONAl-Ru`yah

الرؤية

The Vision

PمPا ك kيةAيفP ك PالPو kةPاطPحA إ AيرPغA ب Aنة Pالج AهلP Aأل oقPح Pة[ ؤي pالرPو

Pا qن ب Pر Pاب[ Aت ك AهA ب PقPطP إ�ل�ى ن ة� ر� ن�اض� ئ�ذ ي�وم� وه� و�ج�ة� ن�اظ�ر� ا ب(ه� PعPالPى ر� ت الله[ Pاد Pر

P أ مPا عPلPى ه[ ير[ AفسP وPت AيحAالصح AيثAدPالح PنAم PكAلPذ فAي PاءPج مPا pل] وPك AمPه[ وPعPل

PالPق PمPا ك Pه[وPف Pلم PسPو AيهP عPل الله[ صPلى Aالله Aس[ول Pر عPن PينA وqل

P Pأ م[ت PكA ذPل فAي Pدخ[ل[ ن Pال Pاد PرP أ مPا عPلPى Pاه[ وPمPعن

AهA دAين فAي PمA ل Pس مPا Aنه[ فPإ Pا Aن هوPائP Aأ ب PينAمqهPوP م[ت PالPو Pا Aن ائ PآرA ب

AيهP عPل الله[ صPلى AهA ول س[ PرA وPل وPجPل عPز AلهA ل Pلم Pس مPن Aال إ AهAمA عPال AلPى إ AيهP عPل PهP Pب اشت مPا PلمAع د` PرPو Pلم PسPو

The Vision

The Vision (of Allah) by the people of paradise is true, without (their vision being) encompassing and without (the) manner (of their vision being known.) As the Book of our Lord as expressed: "Faces on that

Day will be radiant, looking at their Lord.” The explanation of this is as Allah wills and knows. Every authentic report that has come down to us

about this from the Messenger of Allah ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص and his Companions (May Allah be pleased with them) is as he said and its meaning is according to what He intended. We do not delve into that interpreting it according to our opinions or imagining it according to our desires. For indeed no one is safe in his religion except he who submits (himself) to Allah, the

Exalted and Glorified and to His Messenger ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص and entrusts the knowledge of that which he finds unclear to the one who has

knowledge of it.

The Vision

ظهر على إال اإلسالم في قدم تثبت والحظر ما علم رام فمن ، واالستسالم التسليمحجبه ، فهمه بالتسليم يقنع ولم ، علمه عنه

وصافي ، التوحيد خالص عن مرامهبين فيتذبذب ، اإليمان وصحيح ، المعرفة

، والتكذيب والتصديق واإليمان الكفرال ، شاكا تائها موسوسا ، واإلنكار واإلقرار

مكذبا جاحدا وال ، مصدقا مؤمنا

The Vision

The foot of Islam cannot be firm except on the back of submission and surrender. Whoever aims to gain the knowledge of that which is beyond his capacity to know, and his intellect is not content with submission, (will find that) his aim will veil him

from pure belief in Allah's unity (Tawḥīd), clear recognition (Maʿrifa) and true faith (Īmān.) He will then waver between

disbelief and belief, confirmation and rejection and acceptance and denial. He will be subjected to insinuations and find himself

wandering, confused and full of doubt, being neither an accepting believer nor a denying rejecter.

The Vision

لمن السالم دار ألهل بالرؤية اإليمان يصح والكان إذ بفهم تأولها أو بوهم منهم اعتبرهاإلى يضاف معنى كل وتأويل الرؤية تأويل

وعليه ، التسليم ولزوم التأويل بترك الربوبيةالمسلمي دين

Belief in the vision of Allah by the people of the ‘Abode of Peace’ is not correct if a person imagines what it is like, or interprets it according to

his own understanding since the interpretation of the vision or of any of the attributes related to Lordship, is by abandoning interpretation and

adhering to submission. Upon this is the religion of the Muslims.

The Vision

يصب ولم زل والتشبيه النفي يتوق لم ومنبصفات موصوف وعال جل ربنا فإن التنزيهليس ، الفردانية بنعوت منعوت ، الوحدانية

البرية من أحد معناه فيAnyone who does not refrain from negating (the attributes of Allah) or

likening (Allah to the creation), has gone astray and has failed to understand Allah's Transcendence. This is because our Lord, the

Glorified and the Exalted, is described with the attribute of Oneness and Absolute Uniqueness and none of the creation is in any way like

Him.

The Vision

واألركان والغايات الحدود عن وتعالىالست الجهات تحويه ال ، واألدوات واألعضاء

المبتدعات كسائرHe is beyond having boundaries, limits, parts or limbs. The six directions do not contain Him like

(they contain) all created things.

THE ASCENT TO THE HEAVENS

Al-Mi’rājالمعراج

The Ascent to the Heavens

Pلم PسPو AيهP عPل الله[ صPلى qيA Aالنب ب PيAسر] أ وPقPد^ oقPح اج[ PعرAالمPو

Pاء Pش حPيث[ AلPى إ [م ث AاءPالسم AلPى إ AةPظPقP الي فAي AهAخص PشA ب PجAع[رPوPوحPى أ مPا AيهP Aل إ PوحPى وPأ Pاء Pش AمPا ب الله[ مPه[ Pكر

P وPأ Pالع[ال PنAم ا الله[ م�أ�ى ر� ا م� ؤ�اد� الف� ةA ك�ذ�ب� PرAاآلخ فAي Pلم PسPو AيهP عPل الله[ فPصPلى

[ولPى وPاألThe Miʿrāj (Ascent to the heavens) is true. The Prophet ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص was

taken by night and made to ascend in person, in a wakeful state, to the heavens and from there to whatever heights Allah willed for him. Allah ennobled him in the way that He wished and revealed to him what He revealed to him. “The heart was not mistaken about what it saw.” May

Allah bless him and grant him peace in this world and the next.

THE POOLAl-Ḥawḍالحوض

The Pool

jا غياث Aبه تعالى االله أكرمPه الذي والحوض[ aحق ألم}ته

The Ḥawḍ (Pool) which Allah has honored him (the Prophet ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص) with to quench the thirst of his community on the day of judgment, is true.

INTERCESSIONAl-Shafāʿaالشفاعة

Intercession

كما ،oحق لهم ادخرها التي والشفاعة[األخبار في وي ر[

The intercession (Shafāʿa) that Allah Taʿālā has stored up for them (i.e. the Ummah) is true, as

related in the narrations.

THE COVENANTAl-Mīthāqالميثاق

Covenant

آدم من تعالى االله أخذه الذي والميثاقحق وذريته

The covenant (Mīthāq) which Allah made with Ādam (AS) and his offspring is true.

PRE-DESTINATIONTaqdīr

تقدير

Pre-destination

الجنة يدخل من عدد يزل لم فيما تعالى االله علم وقدالنار يدخل من وعدد

منه ينقص وال العدد ذلك في يزاد فال ، واحدة جملةIndeed Allah Taʿālā knew, in eternity, the exact number of those who would enter Paradise and the exact number of

those who would enter the Fire. This number will neither be increased nor decreased.

Pre-destination

لما ميسر وكل ، يفعلوه أن منهم علم فيما أفعالهم وكذلكله ، خلق

االله بقضاء سعد من والسعيد ، بالخواتيم واألعمالمن والشقي ، تعالىتعالى االله بقضاء شقي

Similarly their actions are those that were known to Allah that they will carry out. Each person is facilitated to what he was

created for. Actions are judged according to the last of them. The fortunate is he who was fortunate by the decree of Allah, and the

wretched is he who was wretched by the decree of Allah.

Pre-destination

Pre-destination

The exact nature of Taqdīr (Predetermination) is Allah's secret in His

creation, and no angel brought near (the Throne) nor any prophet

sent (with a message) has knowledge of it. Delving into it and

ruminating about it leads to loss, is a stairway to deprivation, and a step towards deviation. So beware about thinking, reflecting or letting doubts assail you with regards to this matter. Allah has kept the knowledge of

predetermination away from the creation, and has forbidden them to

investigate into it, as Allah has said in His Book, “He is not asked

about what He does but they are asked'.” Hence anyone who asks:

'Why did He do that?' has rejected the judgement of the Book, and

anyone who rejects the judgement of the Book is a disbeliever.

Pre-destination

االله أولياء من قلبه منور هو من إليه يحتاج ما جملة فهذهوهي ، تعالى

الخلق في علم علمان العلم ألن ، العلم في الراسخين درجةوعلم ، موجود

العلم وادعاء ، كفر الموجود العلم فإنكار ، مفقود الخلق فيكفر المفقود

العلم طلب وترك ، الموجود العلم بقبول إال اإليمان يثبت والالمفقود

Pre-destination

This is the gist of what those of Allah’s friends with enlightened heartsneed to know. This constitutes the grade of those firmly grounded in

knowledge. For there are two kinds of knowledge: knowledge which isaccessible to created beings, and knowledge which is not accessible

to created beings. Denying the knowledge which is accessible isdisbelief, and claiming (to possess) knowledge which is inaccessibleis disbelief. Belief can only be correct when accessible knowledge is

accepted and inaccessible knowledge is not sought after.

THE TABLET & THE PENAl-Lawḥ wa Al-Qalam

والقلم اللوح

The Tablet & The Pen

فيه ما وبجميع والقلم باللوح ونؤمنرقم قد

We believe in the Tablet (Lawḥ) and the Pen (Qalam) and in everything written on it.

The Tablet & The Pen

االله كتبه شىء على كلهم الخلق اجتمع فلولم كائن غير ليجعلوه كائن أنه فيه تعالى

لم شىء على كلهم اجتمعوا ولو عليه يقدروايقدروا لم كائنا ليجعلوه فيه تعالى االله يكتبه

يوم إلى كائن هو بما القلم جف عليهوما ، ليصيبه يكن لم العبد أخطأ وما ، القيامة

ليخطئه يكن لم أصابه

The Tablet & The Pen

If all of creation were to gather together to make something fail to exist, whose existence Allah had written on the

Tablet, they would not be able to do so. Likewise, if all of creation were to gather together to make something exist which Allah had not written on it, they would not be able to do so. The Pen has dried having recorded all that will occur until the Day of Judgement. Whatever a person misses he

would have never obtained, and whatever he gets, he would have never missed.

The Tablet & The Pen

  مAن kنA كائ kيء Pش qل] ك في عAلم[ه[ PقP ب Pس قPد^ Pالله نP أ PمP Pعل ي ن

P أ AبدPالع وPعPلى   وPال aضAناق Aفيه PيسP ل ،j ما Pم[بر j Pما م[حك j Pقديرا ت AهA Pت بـمPشيئ PكAذل PدرPقPو ،AهAلق Pخ   AهAلق Pخ مAن aصAناق وPال aدA ائ Pز وPال ، aلqوPم[ح وPال ، aرq ي Pم[غـ وPال aم[زيل وPال ، aبqقPم[ع

 . ،AةPفAعرPالم Aصول] وPأ AيمانA اإل AقدPع مAن PكAذلPو AهAرضP وPأ AهA ماوات Pس في

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 { ،j خPصيما AرPدPالق في الله[ Pه[ ل Pصار AمPن ل aيلPوPف j ا Pقد[ورPم j ا PرPدPق Aالله مر[P أ

  AيبPالغ PحضPم في AهAهمPبـو PسPمP الت AدPقP ل ،j قيما Pس j قPلبا Aفيه AرPلنظA ل PرPحضP وPأ  j Pثيما أ j Pفـاكا أ Aفيه قPال بـما PعادPو ،j Pتيما ك j را Aس

The Tablet & The Pen

It is necessary for the slave (of Allah) to know that Allah already knew everything that was going to happen in His creation and He has decreed it in a detailed and decisive way. There is nothing that He has created in either the

heavens or the earth that can contradict it, nor delay it, nor add to it, nor erase it, nor change it, nor decrease it, nor increase it in any way. This is a fundamental aspect of belief, a necessary element of recognition and

admission of Allah's Oneness and Lordship. As Allah says in His Book: 'He created everything and decreed it in a detailed way'. And He also says: “The matter of Allah is a decree determined.” So woe to anyone who argues with

Allah concerning the decree and who, with a sick heart, starts delving into this matter. In his delusory attempt to investigate the Unseen, he is seeking a secret

that can never be uncovered, and he returns as a sinner and a great liar.

THE THRONE & THE CHAIR

Al-’Arsh wa Al-Kursīyy

والكرسي العرش

The Throne & The Chair

العرش عن مستغن وهو حق والكرسي والعرشعن أعجز وقد ، وفوقه شىء بكل محيط دونه وما

خلقه اإلحاطةThe Throne (ʿArsh) and the Chair (Kursīyy) are true. He is

independent of the Throne and what is beneath it. He encompasses everything and is above it, and what He has

created is incapable of encompassing Him.

THE PROPHETS, ANGELS AND SCRIPTURES

Al-Nabiyyīn, wa Al-Malā’ikah, wa Al-Kutub

النبيين والكتب والمالئكة

The Prophets, Angels and Scriptures

وكلم ، خليال إبراهيم اتخذ االله إن ونقولوتسليما وتصديقا إيمانا تكليما موسى االله

We say with belief, acceptance and submission that Allah took Ibrāhīm as an intimate friend and that He spoke

directly to Mūsā.

The Prophets, Angels and Scriptures

المنزلة والكتب ، والنبيين بالمالئكة ونؤمنعلى كانوا أهنم ونشهد ، المرسلين على

المبين الحق}We believe in the Angels, and the Prophets, and the Books which were revealed to the Messengers, and we testify that

they were all following the manifest Truth.

THE PEOPLE OF THE QIBLA

Ahl al-Qibla

القبلة أهل

The People of the Qibla

ما ، مؤمنين مسلمين قبلتنا أهل ونسميوسلم عليه االله صلى النبي به جاء بما داموامصدقين وأخبر قاله ما بكل وله ، معترفين

منكرين غيرWe call the people of our Qibla Muslims and believers as long as they acknowledge what the Prophet, may Allah

bless him and grant him peace, brought, and accept as true everything that he said and told us about without denying

any of it.

The People of the Qibla

في نماري وال االله نخوضفي والاالله دين

We do not enter into vain talk about Allah nor are we unmindful of the religion of Allah.

THE QUR’ ĀNAl-Qur’ ān

القرءان

The Qur’ ān

، العالمين رب كالم أنه ونشهد ، القرءان في نجادل والصلى محمدا المرسلين سيد فعلمه ، األمين الروح به نزلشىء يساويه ال ، تعالى االله كالم وهو ، وسلم عليه االلهجماعة نخالف وال ، بخلقه نقول وال ، المخلوقين كالم من

المسلمينWe do not argue about the Qurʾān and we testify that it is the speech of

the Lord of all the Worlds which the Trustworthy Spirit brought down and taught the most honored of all Messengers, Muhammad, may

Allah bless him and grant him peace. It is the speech of Allah and no speech of any created being is comparable to it. We do not say that it is

created and we do not go against the general body of Muslims

THEOLOGYAl-Aqīdah Al-Ṭaḥāwiyyah

Aqīdah 1028.16.15 – 9.27.15

DISBELIEFKufr

الكفر

Kufr

لم ما بذنب القبلة أهل من أحدا نكفر واليستحله

We do not declare any of the people of the Qibla to be disbelievers because of any wrong action (they have done),

as long as they do not consider that action to be lawful.

Kufr

لمن ذنب اإليمان مع يضر ال نقول والعمله

Nor do we say that the wrong action of a man who has belief does not have any harmful effect on him.

Kufr

عنهم يعفو أن المؤمنين من للمحسنين نرجووال ، عليهم نأمن وال برحمته الجنة ويدخلهم

ونخاف لمسيئهم ونستغفر ، بالجنة لهم نشهدنقنطهم وال عليهم

We hope that Allah will pardon the people of right action among the believers and grant them entrance into Paradise through His mercy, but

we cannot be sure of this, and we cannot testify that they will be in Paradise. We ask forgiveness for the people of wrong action among

the believers and, although we fear for them, we do not despair regarding them.

Kufr

، اإلسالم ملة عن ينقالن واإلياس واألمنالقبلة ألهل بينهما الحق وسبيل

Certainty (of deliverance) and despair (of mercy) both remove one from the true religion. The path of truth for the

people of the Qibla lies between the two.

Kufr

ما بجحود إال اإليمان من العبد يخرج والفيه أدخله

A person does not step out of belief except by rejecting what brought him into it.

BELIEFĪmān

اإليمان

Īmān

والتصديق باللسان اإلقرار هو واإليمان بالجنان

Belief consists of affirmation by the tongue and acceptance by the heart.

Īmān

االله رسول عن صح ما وجميعحق كله والبيان الشرع من

Everything that is authentically proven from the Prophet, upon him be peace, regarding the Sharīa and the

explanation (of the Qurān and of Islam), all of it is true.

Īmān

سواء أصله في وأهله واحد واإليمانومخالفة والتقى بالخشية بينهم والتفاضل

األولى ومالزمة الهوىBelief is, in essence, the same for everyone. The

superiority of some over others in it is due to their fear and awareness of Allah, their opposition to their desires, and

their adherence to what is most pleasing to Allah.

Īmān

عند وأكرمهم الرحمن أولياء كلهم والمؤمنونللقرآن وأتبعهم أطوعهم االله

All believers are the friends of Allah and the noblest of them in the sight of Allah are those who are the most obedient

and who most closely follow the Qurʾān.

Īmān

وكتبه ومالئكته باالله اإليمان هو واإليمانوشره خيره والقدر اآلخر واليوم ورسله

تعالى االله من ومره وحلوهBelief consists of belief in Allah, His Angels, His Books, His Messengers, the Last Day, and belief that the Decree - both the good of it and the evil of it, the sweet of it and the bitter

of it - is from Allah, Most High.

Īmān

من أحد بين نفرق ال كله بذلك مؤمنون ونحنبه جاءوا ما على كلهم ونصدقهم رسله

We are believers in all of that. We do not make any distinction between any of the Messengers and we accept

as true what all of them brought.

MAJOR SINSAl-Kabāir

الكبائر

Al-Kabāir

عليه االله صلى محمد أمة من الكبائر وأهلوهم ماتوا إذا يخلدون ال النار في وسلم

لقوا أن بعد تائبين يكونوا لم وإن موحدونمؤمني عارفين االله

Those of the community of Muḥammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, who have committed grave sins will not remain forever in the Fire, provided they die and

meet Allah as believers affirming His Oneness even if they have not repented.

Al-Kabāir

Pما ك ،AهA بفPضل عPنه[م وPعPفا Pه[م، ل PرPفPغ Pشاء Aن إ AهAو[حكم AهA Pت مPشيئ في وه[م : AتابهA ك في ا ذكـرعزوجل م� ر� و�يغف� به� ك� ر� ي�ش أ�ن ر� ي�غف� ال� الل�ه� إ�ن�

اء� يش� ل�م�ن ذلك� د�ون� AةPفاع PشPو AهA حمPت Pبر مAنها ه[م [خرAج[ ي [م ث ،AهA بعPدل Aالنار في عPذبه[م Pشاء Aن وPإ

AهA نت Pج Aلى إ [ه[م PبعPث ي [م ث ،AهA طاعPت AهلP أ مAن PعينAالشاف

They are subject to His Will and Judgement. If He wishes, He will forgive them and pardon them through His grace, as He has mentioned in the Qurʾān when He said: 'And He forgives anything less than that (shirk) to whoever He wills' and if He wishes, He will punish them in the Fire out of His Justice. Thereafter he will bring them out of the Fire through His Mercy, and the intercession of those who were obedient to Him, and send

them to Paradise.

Al-Kabāir

ولم معرفته أهل تولى تعالى االله بأن وذلكمن خابوا الذين نكرته كأهل الدارين في يجعلهماإلسالم ولي يا اللهم واليته من ينالوا ولم هدايته

به نلقاك حتى اإلسالم على ثبتنا وأهلـه

This is because Allah is the Protector of those who recognize Him and does not treat them in both worlds in the same way as He treats those who fail to recognize Him and who are bereft of His guidance and have

failed to obtain His protection. O Allah, O Protector of Islam and its people; make us firm in Islam until we meet You.

Al-Kabāir

أهل من وفاجر بر كل خلف الصالة ونرىمنهم مات من وعلى القبلة

We regard as valid praying behind any of the people of the Qibla whether right-acting or wrong-acting, and (we regard as valid) offering the funeral prayer over any of them when

they die.

Al-Kabāir

نشهد وال ، نارا وال جنة منهم أحدا ننزل واليظهر لم ما بنفاق وال بشرك وال بكفر عليهم

إلى سرائرهم ونذر ، ذلك من شىء منهمتعالى االله

We do not say regarding any one of them that he will definitely enter Paradise or the Fire. We do not accuse any of them of kufr (disbelief),

shirk (polytheism), or nifāq (hypocrisy), as long as they have not openly demonstrated any of those things; and we leave their secrets to Allah.

Al-Kabāir

محمد أمة من أحد على السيف نرى والعليه وجب من إال وسلم عليه االله صلى

السيف

We do not regard (as permissible) taking the life of any of the Ummah of Muḥammad, may Allah bless him and give

him peace, unless it is obligatory (by Islamic law) to do so.

REBELLIONAl-Khurūj

الخروج

Al-Khurūj

وال ، جاروا وإن أمورنا ووالة أئمتنا على الخروج نرى والمن طاعتهم ونرى ، طاعتهم من يدا ننزع وال ، عليهم ندعووندعو ، بمعصية يأمروا لم ما فريضة وجل عز االله طاعة

والمعافاة بالصالح لهم

We do not support rebellion against our leaders or those in charge of our affairs even if they are unjust, nor do we wish evil on them, nor do we withdraw from their obedience. We hold that obedience to them is part of obedience to Allah Almighty and therefore obligatory as long as they do not instruct us to commit

sin. We pray for their rectitude and wellbeing.

Al-Khurūj

والخالف الشذوذ ونجتنب ، والجماعة السنة ونتبع والفرقة

We follow the Way (of the Prophet) and the Group (of Muslims), and we avoid deviation, differences and division.

Al-Khurūj

الجور أهل ونبغض ، واألمانة العدل أهل ونحب[ والخيانة

We love the people of justice and trustworthiness, and hate the people of injustice and treachery.

Al-Khurūj

علمه علينا اشتبه فيم أعلم االله ونقول

When our knowledge about something is unclear, we say: 'Allah knows best.

WIPING OVER LEATHER SOCKSAl-Masḥ ‘Ala`l-Khuffayn

الخفي على المسح

Al-Masḥ ‘Ala l-Khuffayn

كما والحضر السفر في الخفين على المسح ونرىاألثر في جاء

We regard (as valid) wiping over leather socks whether on a journey or at home, just as has come in the narrations.

THE PILGRIMAGE AND JIHAD

Al-Ḥajj Wa`l Jihād

والجهاد[ pالحج

Al-Ḥajj Wa l Jihād

من األمر أولي مع Aماضيان والجهاد[ pوالحجال الساعة قيام إلى وفاجرAهم هم Pر} ب Pالمسلمين

ينقضهما وال aشىء يبطلهما

The Pilgrimage and Jihād under the leadership of those in charge of the Muslims, whether they are right or wrong-acting, are continuing valid obligations until the Last Hour comes. Nothing can annul or

cancel them.

THE NOBLE SCRIBE ANGELS

Al-Kirāmi`l Kātibīn

الكاتبي الكرام

Al-Kirāmi l Kātibīn

علينا جعلهم قد االله فإن ، الكاتبين بالكرام ونؤمنحافظي

We believe in the noble scribe-angels, for indeed Allah has appointed them over us as guardians.

THE ANGEL OF DEATHAl-Malaku`l Mawt

الموت الملك

Al-Malaku l Mawt

العالمين أرواح بقبض الموكل الموت بملك ونؤمن

We believe in the Angel of Death who has been appointed to take the souls of (the inhabitants of) all the worlds.

PUNISHMENT IN THE GRAVE

‘Adhābu`l Qabr

القب عذاب

‘Adhābu l Qabr

منكر وسؤال ، أهال له كان لمن القبر وبعذابجاءت ما على ونبيه ودينه ربه عن قبره في ونكيروسلم عليه االله صلى االله رسول عن األخبار به

عليهم االله رضوان الصحابة وعن

(We believe) in the punishment of the grave for those who deserve it, and in the questioning in the grave by Munkar and Nakīr about one's

Lord, one's religion and one's Prophet, as has come down in narrations from the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and (in reports) from the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them

all.

‘Adhābu l Qabr

حفر من حفرة أو الجنة رياض من روضة والقبر النيران

The grave is either one of the gardens of Paradise or one of the pits of the Fire.