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Introduction to Anatomy andPhysiology of Farm Animals

Introduction to Animal Science

Department of Animal ScienceNational Chung Hsing University

Pin-Chi Tang唐品琦

Office: 4C ; Lab: 204

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REFERENCES

Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals

7th EditionRowen D. Frandson, W. Lee Wilke, Anna Dee FailsWiley-Blackwell, June 2009

家畜解剖生理學季培元 合計圖書出版社

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AnatomyThe science that deals with the formand structure of all organisms.

PhysiologyThe study of the integrated functions ofthe body and the functions of all its parts(systems, organs, tissues, cells and cellcomponents), including biophysical andbiochemical processes.

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AnatomyShapeTextureLocationrelations of structures

HistochemistryGross anatomyComparative anatomyMicroscopic anatomy (histology)Ultrastructural cytology

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Physiology

Respose of whole animals,isolated organsindividual cells

to changes in their environment

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Directional terms and planes of the animal body.

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A directional term meaning towardthe head

Cranial

Caudal

RostralA directional term used in referenceto features of the head to meantoward the nose

A directional term meaning towardthe tail

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Means toward or beyond thebackbone or vertebral column

Dorsal

VentralMeans away from the vertebralcolumn or toward the midabdominal wall

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Refers to the flexor or caudalsurface

Palmar: forelimb

Plantar: hindlimb

Refers to the caudal surface

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Directional terms and planes ofthe animal body.

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Directional terms and planes of the animal body.

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An imaginary plane passing through thebody so as to divedie the body intoequal right and left halves

Median plane: midsagittal plane

Sagittal plane

Transverse planeA plane at right angles to the medianplane and divides the body into cranialand caudal segments

Any plane parallel to the meidan plane

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Horizontal plane

Medial

Lateral

A plane at right angles to both themedian plane and transverse planes,and divides the body into dorsal (upper)and ventral (lower) segments

Close to or toward the median plane

Means away from the median plane

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Indicate proximity to the center ofan anatomical structure

Deep and internal

Superficial and external

ProximalMeans relatively close to a givenpart

Refer to proximity to the surface ofthe body

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Means farther from the given partDistal

Prone

SupineRefers to the position in which theventral aspect of the body orpalmar or plantar aspect of anexstrmeity is uppermost

Refers to a position in which thedorsal aspect of the body or anyextremity is uppermost