Post on 27-Sep-2015
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TEI Traduceri Ecologice Independente
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33
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Marile principii ale autarhiei
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'DFQXLQHLGHORFDQLPDOHVDXGDFDYHLGRDUFkWHYDJLQLSXWHLH[SORDWDMXPWDWHGLQWHUHQFDJUGLQGHOHJXPHLDUSHFHDODOWMXPWDWHSXWHLFXOWLYDJUkX9HLDSOLFDURWDLDFXOWXULORUDDFXPDPDUWDWPDLVXVGDUYHL vQORFXL LDUEDFXJUkX(VWHRVROXLHEXQPDLDOHVGDF VXQWHL YHJHWDULDQ'DU VQXY vQFKLSXLL F IHUWLOLWDWHD LSURGXFWLYLWDWHDWHUHQXOXLYRUFUHWHODIHOGHELQHFXPVDUvQWkPSODWGDFDYHDLDQLPDOH
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$DFXPRDPHQLLVXQWGLIHULLXQLLGHDOLLWRWDVWIHOHFDUHWHUHQHVWHXQLFLDWWRWXLFDH[HPSOXXQPRGHOUHDOL]DELO
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9HLPDLUPkQHGRDUFXFLUFDPGHSXQHGDUFDUHYDH[WUHPGHSURGXFWLY5HFROWDvQWUXQDQURGQLFVHSRDWHULGLFDODRWRQGHJUkXWRQHGHUGFLQRDVHWRQHGHFDUWRNJGHOHJXPLQRDVHLNJGHRU]'LQSXQHSRDWHYHLUHXLVRELQHLWRQHGHIkQSOXVvQGHDMXQVGHPXOWRWDYLDUEFDUHFUHWHGXSFRVLWXOIkQXOXLFkWVSRDWSDWHYDFLOHSkQWRDPQDWkU]LX
%LQHvQHOHVSRWH[LVWDPLLGHYDULDLXQLDOHDFHVWXLSODQ$GDSWDUHDHVWHHVHQDvQVLDXQHLEXQHDJULFXOWXUL'HH[HPSOXSXWHL VSXQHLFDUWRLGXSFHDLDUDWSXQHDLGHDELDGXSDFHHDVVHPQDLJUkXO3XWHLFXOWLYDRY]DOWXULGHRU]VDXDOWXULGHJUkX3XWHLSODQWDVHFDUFHHDFHHVWH IRDUWH LQGLFDWGDFDYHLXQVROXRULXVFDWGDFYUHLSDLHEXQHSHQWUXDFRSHULXULVDXGDFYSODFHSkLQHDGHVHFDU3XWHLFXOWLYDPDLSXLQHOHJXPLQRDVH3XWHLvQFHUFDVvPSULLFXOWXULOHQXPDLSHSDWUXSDUFHOHvQORFGHFLQFLFDVDYHLXQKHFWDUvQWUHJGHSXQH9HLYHGHDFYHLJVLORFXULGHSVFXWSHQWUXDQLPDOH
B
B
B
Fasole verde
Marile principii ale autarhiei
Gru
B
B
B
B
38
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3HRVXSUDIDDWkWGHPLFRLOHVXQWRDIDFHUHFDPvQGRLHOQLFSHQWUXFDXQHYRLHGHDUFXULIRDUWHUH]LVWHQWHLGHDVHPHQHDSHQWUXFQXHVWHUHQWDELOVLQHLXQEHUEHFSHQWUXPDLSXLQGHDVHRL'DUSXWHLVLQHLFkWHYDRLVOHvPSHUHFKHDLFXEHUEHFXOXQXLYHFLQVFUHWHLPLHLLLVSVWUDLFDUQHDGHRDLHLOkQD
&HOHGHPDLVXVVXQWGRDURLQWURGXFHUHGHVSUHFXPVHSRDWHRUJDQL]DH[SORDWDUHDXQHLSURSULHWLGHGRXKHFWDUHLMXPWDWHGXSSULQFLSLLOHDXWDUKLHL)LHFDUHYDWUHEXLvQVVDGDSWH]HDFHVWHUHFRPDQGUL ODSURSULDVDVLWXDLH ODPULPHDIDPLOLHLVDXDFRPXQLWLLVDOHLODQDWXUDWHUHQXOXL6FRSXOHVHQLDODODFHVWHLFULHVWHGHDvLGDFHOXLFDUHGRUHWHVWULDVFvQDXWDUKLHFkWPDLPXOWHVIDWXULSUDFWLFHSHQWUXDODMXWDVLDOHDJLVLH[SORDWH]HWHUHQXOFXOWXULOHLHSWHOXODVWIHOvQFkWVDLERYLDPDLEXQ
Roadele cmpului
([FHSWkQGFD]XOvQFDUHGLVSXQHLGHXQWHUHQVSDLRVLLQWHQLRQDLVH[SORDWDLGRDURSDUWHGLQHOGXSSULQFLSLXOSLHLLGHOHRSDUGRSULPSULRULWDWHDUDFHHDGHDH[DPLQDGDFSXWHLFkWLJDFHYDWHUHQGHIULkQGVSDLLOHDFRSHULWHGHKLXULLPUFLQL'DFQXVXQWvQSDQWDEUXSWVDXFXRPODWLQLPSRVLELOGHDVDQDWVDXDFRSHULWHFXSLHWUHDFHVWHVSDLLPHULWGHIULDWH'HIULDUHDHVWHRPXQFGLFLOGDUPHULWIFXWFKLDUGDFLDPXOWWLPSLSRDWHIRDUWHFRVWLVLWRDUH
B
Cosoare
Topor
2
B
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&DSUHOHYRUGLVWUXJHDUEXWLLLSXLHLLEDFKLDULFRSDFLLPDULGDFVXQWQXPHURDVHFXUkQGXLGHVFRDUQSOXVvLYRUvPSLHGLFDVFUHDVFODORFGDUHYLGHQWODIHOFDSRUFLLQXSRWVPXOJHFRSDFLLGLQSPkQW$FHVWOXFUXYDWUHEXLVOIDFHLGYV
6FRDWHUHDGLQUGFLQLDFLRWXULORUGHFRSDFULVFVYFRVWHPDLPXOWGHFkWFXPSUDUHDXQXLQRX WHUHQ H[FHSWkQG FD]XO vQ FDUH JXYHUQXO GLQ DUDGYV VXEYHQLRQHD] DVWIHO GHOXFUUL (VWH vQV IRDUWH OXGDELO FUHDUHD XQXL WHUHQ IHUWLO vQWUXQ ORF FDUH vQDLQWH HUDQHFXOWLYDELO2ULFXPvQDLQWHGHWRDWHJkQGLLYELQHGDFQXFXPYDHPDLFRQYHQDELOVSODQWDLFRSDFLWLQHULvQORFXOFHORUEWUkQLLVH[SORDWDLSGXUHD
0HWRGDFHDPDLVFXPSSHQWUXDVFRDWHGLQUGFLQLFLRWXULOHHVWH vQFKLULHUHDXQXLH[FDYDWRU2DVWIHOGHPDLQULHSOXVRIHUXOFRVWPXOWGDUSXWHLVLJXUFYDHIHFWXDR WUHDE IRUPLGDELO vQWUR RU &RSDFLL VPXOL GLQ UGFLQL YRU GHSR]LWDL XQXO SHVWHDOWXO9DWUHEXLDSRLVvQWUHSULQGHLRPXQFHQRUPSHQWUXDGHELWDFKHUHVWHDXDLDDUGHUDPXULOHUPDVHGXSWLHUH1LFLQXYLPDJLQDLFkWHVWHGHJUHXGHIFXWDFHVWOXFUXPDLDOHVGDFOHPQXOHVWHvQFYHUGHGDUWUHEXLHIFXWGDFYUHLVFXOWLYDLDFHVWSPkQW
(PDLLHIWLQH[WUDJHUHDFLRWXULORUFXXQYLQFLVDXFXXQWUROLX$FHVWHDSDUDWHSRWvQFKLULDWHVDXvPSUXPXWDWH LDUvQFD]XOvQFDUHDYHLVXSUDIHHPDULGHGHIULDWSXWHLVFXPSUDLXQXOGDUDVWDYSRDWHFRVWDFkWHYDVXWHGHOLUH([LVWGLIHULWHPRGHOH(YLGHQWDLSXWHDVFRDWHFLRWXULOHLFXFD]PDXDL WkUQFRSXOGDUH IRDUWH ODERULRV$LSXWHDGHDVHPHQHDV OHDUXQFDL vQDHUFXSUDIGHSXFJHOLQLWVDXDOWH[SOR]LY3HQWUXDFHDVWDWUHEXLHVSDWRJURDSFkWPDLDGkQFVXEFLRWLGHSR]LWDWvQFUFWXUDvQIXQGXOJURSLL&HOPDLLQGLFDWHVWHVXWLOL]DLXQH[SOR]LYLQGXVWULDOSUDIXOGHSXFHVWHEXQGRDUGDFvOIRORVLLGLQDEXQGHQ$PRQDOXOHVWHH[FHOHQWFDGHDOWIHOWRDWHFHOHODOWHH[SOR]LYHGHPDUHSXWHUH(VWHSUHIHUDELOXWLOL]DUHDJHOLQLWHLVXEFHUXOOLEHUvQORFXOJHOLQLWHLRELQXLWHFDUHVHIRORVHWH ODVSDUJHUHDURFLORUQFHSULYHWHFDQWLWLOHYDWUHEXLVOHHVWLPDLVLQJXUSULQ vQFHUFUL UHSHWDWH NJGHDPRQDODU WUHEXL VHGHVWXOSHQWUXDH[WUDJHXQVWHMDUPDUHLDUGDFIRORVLLSUDIGHSXFYHLDYHDQHYRLHGHNJSHQWUXDFHODLUH]XOWDWQRULFHFD]HVWHLPSRUWDQWVFHUHLDMXWRUXOFXLYDFDUHDPDLOXFUDWFXH[SOR]LYH
&ORUDWXOGHVRGLXHVWHPXOWPDLDFFHVLELOSHQWUXFHLPDLPXOLGLQWUHQRLHVWHXQHUELFLGFXUHQWIRDUWHXWLOL]DWGHWHURULWLSHQWUXIDEULFDUHDGLVSR]LWLYHORUORULQIHUQDOH)DFHLJXULvQFLRWXULOHGHFRSDFXPSOHLOHFXFORUDWGHVRGLXSXQHLFHYDGHDVXSUDFDUHVvPSLHGLFH
Roadele cmpului
SWUXQGHUHDSORLLLDWHSWDLROXQ$SULQGHLIRFXOGHDVXSUDEXWXUXJLLLHDYDDUGHFRPSOHW
B
3LHWUHOHSRWXQDGHYUDWREVWDFROPDLDOHV SH WHUHQXULOH HUDWLFH VDX JODFLDUH XQGHERORYDQLPDULDXIRVWOVDLODYRLDvQWkPSOULLGXSUHWUDJHUHDJKHDULORUQDFHVWFD]GDFQX VXQW WRWXL IRDUWH PDUL SRW VFRL FXH[FDYDWRUXO L WUDQVSRUWDL IU SUREOHPH ODPDUJLQHDFkPSXOXL
QV FKLDU L GYVSXWHL ULGLFDERORYDQLGHVWXOGHPDULGHRWRQVDXLPDLPXOWFXDMXWRUXOSkUJKLLORU6SDLvQMXUXOERORYDQXOXLSHRODWXUVWDELOLLXQSXQFWGHVXVLQHUHVROLGRWUDYHUVGHFDOHIHUDWDUEXQLDUGDFQXRDOWSLDWUDSRLSODVDLREkUQOXQJVDXREDUGHHUREXFDWGHLQGHWUHQDULGHDOLULGLFDLDFHDVWSDUWHDERORYDQXOXLFXFkLYDFHQWLPHWUL3XQHLDSRLFkWHYDSLHWUHVXEERORYDQUHDH]DLOLLQVWDODLSkUJKLDGHFHDODOW SDUWH 5HSHWDL RSHUDLXQHD GH PDLPXOWHRUL&RQWLQXDLDVWIHOGHMXUvPSUHMXUXOERORYDQXOXLULGLFkQGXOGHHFDUHGDWSXLQFkWH SXLQ FX MRFXO GH FkLYD FHQWLPHWUL SHFDUHYLOSHUPLWHSkUJKLDXPSOHL DSRLDFHVWVSDLXFXSLHWUHQQDOYHLDGXFHERORYDQXOODQLYHOXOVROXOXL
2GDWFHDLH[WUDVXQDVWIHOGHERORYDQYHLUHXLSRDWHWRWFXDMXWRUXOXQHLSkUJKLLVvOURVWRJROLLSkQODPDUJLQHDFkPSXOXL'DFHVWH JUHX vQFHUFDL V DSULQGHL XQ IRFPDUHODED]DOXLSHQWUXDvOvQFO]LDSRLWXUQDLDSUHFHSHVWHHOQIHOXODFHVWDDUWUHEXLVFUDSH
&DVVSDUJHLSLHWUHOHFHOPDLVLPSOXHVWHVOHDUXQFDLvQDHU&HOHPDLEXQHH[SOR]LYH
-
-
B
VXQWFHOHSODVWLFHGDUHVWHEXQLJHOLQLWDFXFRPEXVWLHUDSLG3HUIRUDLRJDXUvQSLDWULSXQHLH[SOR]LYXO9UHRJGHJHOLQLWVXQWVXFLHQWHSHQWUXRVWkQFPDUH3XWHLIDFHJDXUDHFXXQFLRFDQSQHXPDWLFHPDQXDOFXRUDQJREDUGHRHODVHPQWRDUHFXRGDOWOXQJLXQFLRFDQJUHX%DWHLUDQJDvQSLHWURLFXDMXWRUXOFLRFDQXOXLURWLQGRGXSHFDUHORYLWXUGHFLRFDQLSXQkQGGLQFkQGvQFkQGDSvQJDXUDIFXWQIXUDLRFkUSvQMXUXOUQJLLFDVQXLORYLWGHEXFHOHGHSLDWU'DUUHSHWYUHFRPDQGLQVLVWHQWFDODSULPDWHQWDWLYVDSHODLODFLQHYDFDUHDUHGHMDH[SHULHQvQGRPHQLX
3RDWHDYHLQRURFXOFDSPkQWXOVQXDLEGHORFQHYRLHGHDVDQDUH0XOWHWHUHQXULFRQLQXQVXEVROSRURVLSHDORFXULURFSULQFDUHDSDVHSRDWHLQOWUDVDXVHDvQWURSDQW OLQ LDU SPkQWXO HVWH HYLGHQW XVFDW QV WHUHQXULOH FX XQ VXEVRO LPSHUPHDELOVROXULOHIRDUWHJUHOHWHUHQXULOHDWkWGHSODWHvQFkWDSDQXVHSRDWHVFXUJHVDXFHOHGHXQGHVH IRUPHD] L]YRDUH WRDWH DFHVWHD WUHEXLH GUHQDWH8Q WHUHQSURVW GUHQDW HVWH XQ WHUHQvQWkU]LDWDGLFQXYDSURGXFHQLPLFODvQFHSXWGHDQ(VWHXQSPkQWUHFHLJUHXGHOXFUDW1X vOSXWHLFXOWLYDDWkWD WLPSFkWHXPHGPDLDOHVGDFHVWHDUJLORV QFRQFOX]LHQXYDSURGXFHUHFROWHEXQH
3XWHL GHWHUPLQD XPLGLWDWHD XQXL SPkQW FKLDU SH SHULRDGD XQHL YHUL VHFHWRDVH vQIXQFLHGHSODQWHOH FDUH FUHVFSHDFHVWSPkQW3ODQWHSUHFXP LULVXOGHPODWLQ WUHVWLDVWXIXOVDXSDSXUDFRQUPFGHLSPkQWXOHVWHXVFDWSHWLPSGHYDUHOYDXPHGLvPELEDWGHDSLDUQDSULQXUPDUHWUHEXLHGUHQDW
Fose de asanare'HVHRULSHXQWHUHQvQSDQWOLQHVWHVXFLHQWVVSDLXQDQvQVXVXOFkPSXOXLYH]LGHVHQXO$FHDVWIRVGHDVDQDUHYDUHLQHLYDHYDFXDDSDFDUHVHLQOWUHD]GHPDLGHVXV1XDSDGHSORDLHvPELEFkPSXOFLDSDFDUHVHVFXUJHGLQWUXQSXQFWPDLvQDOW
,]YRDUH3XWHLGUHQDL]YRDUHOHOHJkQGXOHSULQDQXULVDXFXXQGUHQDMYH]LGHVHQXOODXQSkUkX3XWHLGHWHFWD L]YRDUHOHGDFYHGHLSODQWHGHDSVDXSRULXQLGHSPkQWFDUHEOWHVF'DFVXQWVXSUDIHHPDUL vPELEDWHFXDS vQ MXUXO L]YRUXOXLVLPXOSUDFWLFYYDGLFWDVIDFHLRJURDSPDUHODLQWUDUHDFRQGXFWHLJURDSSHFDUHRXPSOHLFXSLHWUH
Drenaje8QWHUHQSODQVHSRDWHGUHQDUHGXFkQGQLYHOXOSkQ]HLIUHDWLFHDGLFQLYHOXODWLQVGH DSD VXEWHUDQ$FHVWD YD PDL vQDOW LDUQD GHFkW YDUD LDU vQ FD]XUL JUDYH HO VH SRDWHVLWXDFKLDUGHDVXSUDQLYHOXOXLVROXOXL3HQWUXDvOVFGHDVHVDSDQXULVDXVHSXQGUHQXULvQSPkQWSHQWUXHYDFXDUHDDSHL(VWHYDODELOFKLDULSHQWUXWHUHQXULOHDDWHVXEQLYHOXOPULLSHQWUXDFHVWHDSRPSDLDSDGLQDQXOFHOPDLDGkQFVSUHPDUHVDXvQWUXQFDQDOFDUHVHYDUVvQPDUH
(YLGHQWVROXULOHJUHOHDGLFVROXULOHFDUHFRQLQPXOWDUJLOQHFHVLWXQGUHQDMPDLLQWHQVGHFkWFHOHXRDUHWRWXLFKLDULQLVLSXOFHOPDLXRUGLQWUHVROXULSRDWHvPELEDWGHDSLQXYDSURGXFHQLPLFSkQQXHVWHGUHQDW&XFkWVROXOHPDLJUHXFXDWkWGUHQXULOH
Roadele cmpului
WUHEXLHVHPDLQXPHURDVHLPDLDSURSLDWHGHRDUHFHLDSDVHLQOWUHD]SHRGLVWDQPDLPLF6XQWVXFLHQWHIRDUWHSXLQHGUHQXULSHQWUXDVDQDUHDXQXLVROXRUVDXQLVLSRV'DFQXDYHLGHORFH[SHULHQvQDFHVWGRPHQLXDUELQHVDSHODLODH[SHULGHH[HPSOXvQDQXPLWHULH[LVWDJHQLLJXYHUQDPHQWDOHVSHFLDOL]DWHvQGUHQDUHDWHUHQXULORU'HVHRULVHDFRUGFKLDULVXEYHQLLLPSRUWDQWHSHQWUXGUHQDM
'UHQDUHDVHSRDWHIDFHvQWUHLIHOXULSULQDQXULvQDHUOLEHUSULQGUHQXULVXEWHUDQHLSULQGHFRPSDFWDUHDVROXOXL
DQXULOHvQDHUOLEHUVXQWH[DFWFHLQGLFGHQXPLUHD6SDLPDQXDOVDXFXRPDLQDJULFROXQDQFXPDUJLQLvQFOLQDWH3HQWUXXQSPkQWXRUVROQLVLSRVPDUJLQLOHWUHEXLHVHPXOWPDLSXLQDEUXSWHGHFkWSHQWUXXQVROJUHXFFLDFHVWDGLQXUPLQHPDLELQH9HLDSUHFLDGLQRFKLFkWVHvQFOLQDUHD'DFPDUJLQLOHDQXOXLVHVXUSvQVHDPQFVXQWSUHDDEUXSWH
L DGkQFLPHD DQXULORU UPkQH OD DSUHFLHUHD GYV 'DF DQXO GXFH OD VFGHUHDVXFLHQWDQLYHOXOXLDSHLLSHUPLWHEXQDJHUPLQDUHDFXOWXULORUvQVHDPQFHVXFLHQWGHDGkQF(YLGHQWFQXGRULLVDYHLDSFDUHVWDJQHD]vQVROODPDLSXLQGHFPGHVXSUDIDHFKLDUPDLELQHGDFSXWHLUHGXFHQLYHOXODFHVWHLDODP'DFVXQWHLQHYRLWVVSDLDQXOPDQXDODUELQHVQXvOIDFHLSUHDDGkQFQSOXVQXXLWDLFXQDQvQ
A.
C
B
A
Izvor
B
DHU OLEHU WUHEXLHVHGH]HUELFDW DGLFVVHHOLPLQHPUFLQLXOLEXUXLHQLOHRGDWODXQXOVDXGRLDQLSUHFXPLFXUDWFXORSDWDOD HFDUH FLQFL SkQ OD ]HFH DQL 7UHEXLH GHDVHPHQHDvQJUGLW
([LVW R PXOWLWXGLQH GH GUHQXULVXEWHUDQHYH]LJXULOH$WkWDWLPSFkWVXQWVXFLHQWGHDGkQFLFkWVQXDWLQVHGHSOXJVDXGHDOWHPDLQLDJULFROHLDWkWD WLPSFkWSDQWD ORU HVWH FRQVWDQW FD V vPSLHGLFHvQQPROLUHDHOHQXQHFHVLWQLFLRvQJULMLUHLDUWUHEXLVLQFkWHYDVHFROH
QVFKLPEGUHQDMXOSULQGHFRPSDFWDUHQX LQHPDLPXOW GH FLQFL SkQ OD ]HFH DQLVDX FKLDUPDL SXLQ GDF VROXO HVWH QLVLSRV'UHQDMXO LQH L GH FDSDFLWDWHD GYV GHREVHUYDLH ,PDJLQDLY FH VH vQWkPSOGHGHVXEW 6SDL JURSL GH SURE SHQWUX DYHGHD OD FH DGkQFLPH VH D QLYHOXO DSHL LXQGH VXQW L]YRDUHOH QFHUFDL V GUHQDLDFHDVW DS VSUH XQ WRUHQW VDX VSUH SkUkXOFHOPDL DSURSLDW VDXSXWHL FKLDU OVD V VH
Roadele cmpului
UHYHUVHGUHQXOVSUHXQWHUHQQHFXOWLYDWGHSDUWHGHDOGYV1XPDLDVWIHOYHLDYHDXQSPkQWELQHGUHQDWLSURGXFWLY
,QGLIHUHQWXQGHORFXLLLULJDLDOHIDFHELQHFXOWXULORULDUvQXQHOHUHJLXQLQLFLQXVDUSXWHDGH]YROWDIUDFHDVWD&HLPDLIHULFLLUDQLVXQWDFHLDFDUHWULHVFvQWUXQFOLPDWFDOGLXVFDWGDUGLVSXQGHPXOWDSSHQWUX LULJDUH(L DXDVWIHOXQFRQWUROPDLEXQDVXSUDFXOWXULORUGHFkWFHLFDUHWULHVFvQUHJLXQLFXSORLSXWHUQLFH(LQXDXSUREOHPDEXUXLHQLORUOHVWkUSHVFVLPSOXRSULQGDSDDWXQFLFkQGWHUHQXOHVWHQHFXOWLYDW$XSRVLELOLWDWHDVIDFvQVPkQDUHDvQWUXQSPkQWXVFDWvQDLQWHGHDGDGUXPXOODDSLDUDSRLVLQXQGHFkPSXOSHQWUXFDVHPLQHOHVJHUPLQH]H(LSRWVOHGHDFXOWXULORUH[DFWFDQWLWDWHDGHDSSHFDUHRQHFHVLWSHQWUXGH]YROWDUHDSRLVRSUHDVFDSDSHSHULRDGDUHFROWHLDVWIHOFDUHFROWDVDLEORFvQFRQGLLLLGHDOH3HQWUXHLDJULFXOWXUDHRDUHODXUHFKH
3XWHPvQVLQRLFHLODOLVSURWPGHSHXUPDLULJDLHL(VWHQHFHVDURFDQWLWDWHH[DFWGHPGHDSSHQWUXDDFRSHULRMXPWDWHGHKHFWDUSkQODRDGkQFLPHGHFP'DFQXSORXvQDQRWLPSXULOHSORLRDVHHVWHELQHVVHUVSkQGHDVFDFHWLPGHDSRGDWSHVSWPkQvQSHULRDGDGHSOLQFUHWHUHDFXOWXULORUQFOLPDWHOHWHPSHUDWHFXRFDQWLWDWHFRQVLGHUDELOGHSORDLHFXPDUvQQRUGXO(XURSHLXQDSRUWGHSkQODFPGHDSSHGXUDWDPDWXUDLHLHVWHSUREDELOVXFLHQW0DLELQHPDLSXLQGHFkWGHORF
'DFDYHLQRURFLH[LVWXQUkXDSURDSHGHWHUHQXOSHFDUHGRULLVvOLULJDLSXWHLOXDDSGHDFRORDGXFkQGRSULQWURFRQGXFWGDUQXYDDYHDRSUHVLXQHPDUHGHFkWGDFUkXOVHDPXOWGHDVXSUDWHUHQXOXLQVGHLPXOLFUHGDOWIHOQXHQHYRLHGHSUHVLXQHPDUHFLGRDUGHDS(VWHGHDMXQVLGDFDH]DLXQIXUWXQGHLULJDUHSHVROLvOGHSODVDLGLQFkQGvQFkQGSHPVXUFHVHvPELEWHUHQXOGHDS,DUGDFOVDLDSDVFXUJvQWUHEUD]GHLGHSODVDLIXUWXQXOGHHFDUHGDWFkQGDSDDDWLQVRH[WUHPLWDWHHVWHLPDLELQH
([LVWGRXPDULWLSXULGHLULJDLLLULJDLDSULQVWURSLUHLLULJDLDSULQLQXQGDUH)HUPLHULLHXURSHQLDXPDLGHJUDEWHQGLQDVDSOLFHSULPDPHWRG(LIRORVHVFSRPSHLDVSHUVRDUHURWDWLYHVDXLQVWDODLLFXUDPSHRVFLODQWHFDUHQHFHVLWRSUHVLXQHFRQVLGHUDELOSHQWUXDIXQFLRQD'DFYSHUPLWHLVFXPSUDLHFKLSDPHQWHOHQHFHVDUHFkWLFRPEXVWLELOXOLGDFGLVSXQHLGHRVXUVGHDSFDUHQXPDLHQHYRLHVVHDHGHDVXSUDFkPSXOXLHSHUIHFW'DUWRDWHDFHVWHLQVWDODLLVXQWVFXPSHLQXVXQWODvQGHPkQDRULFXL3HUVRQDOQXDPvQHOHVQLFLRGDWFHURVWDUHVFKHOWXLEDQLSHQWUXDIDFHDSDVkQHDVFvQDHUSHQWUXFDLPHGLDWVFDGvQDSRLSHSPkQWDVWIHOFDPIRORVLWvQWRWGHDXQDLULJDLDSULQLQXQGDUH
B
QULOHXQGHH[LVWRWUDGLLHDLULJDLHLLDQXPHDFRORXQGHHDHVWHGHDGUHSWXOLQGLVSHQVDELOVHXWLOL]HD]LULJDLDSULQLQXQGDUH'DFGLVSXQHLGHXQSkUkXFDUHFXUJHvQDSURSLHUHDFkPSXOXLQXHVWHJUHXVYSURFXUDLRSRPSGHEHQ]LQLXQIXUWXQLVGHSODVDLSRPSDGHDOXQJXOSkUkXOXLSHPVXUFHVHLULJWHUHQXO6DXSRDWHDYHLQRURFXOVGLVSXQHLGHXQSkUkXFDUHFXUJHODXQQLYHOPDLULGLFDWGHFkWFHODOFkPSXOXL
,GHDODUFDWHUHQXOVFRQLQSDUFHOHSHUIHFWSODQHVDXvQFD]XOXQXLFkPSvQSDQWOLQDFHVWDVHQLYHODWvQPDLPXOWHSDUFHOHvQSDQWFXGLJXULGHVHSDUDUHULGLFWXULGHSPkQWFXR vQOLPHGHPD[LPFP3XWHL OVDVFUHDVF LDUESHDFHVWHGLJXUL LDUDWXQFLYRUSHUPDQHQWHVDXSXWHLVOHGUkPDLvQHFDUHDQLVOHUHFRQVWUXLLDSRL'DFOXFUDLFXWUDFWRUXOSUREDELOOHYHLGUkPDSHQWUXDDYHDPDLPXOWVSDLXGHPDQHYUQYkUIXODFHVWRUSDUFHOHvQSDQWVHDXQFDQDO3HQWUXLULJDUHFXDMXWRUXOXQHLORSHLIDFHLvQDFHVWFDQDOXQPLFEDUDMGHFHOPXOWFPvQOLPHODQLYHOXOSULPHLSDUFHOHDSRLWRWFXORSDWDJXULLGLJXOFDUHVHSDUFDQDOXOGHSDUFHO$H]DLYDSRLSULQDSURSLHUHODVRDUHLDGPLUDLXWXULLSkQFkQGYHGHLFDSDDHUSXLWGHDOXQJXOSDUFHOHLDXPSOXWRGHDSLDDMXQVSkQODED]'DFSDUFHODQXHVWHQLYHODWWRWDOLQXDUHQLPLFFXOWLYDWSXWHLIRORVLORSDWDSHQWUXDRQLYHODLDXQLIRUPL]DDSD&kQGHFOGXUPDUHHRvQGHOHWQLFLUHIRDUWHSOFXW
&RQVWUXLL DVWIHO GHPLFL EDUDMH vQGUHSWXOHFUHL SDUFHOH&kQGSULPDSDUFHO HVWHLULJDWUHIDFHLGLJXOGHVHSDUDUHVIUkPDLEDUDMXOIDFHLREUHvQGLJXOFHOHLGHDGRXDSDUFHOHLDH]DLYGLQQRXODVRDUHOVkQGDSDVLURLDVFSHFkPSLDDPDLGHSDUWH
6LJXUSHQWUXDVWD VHSUHVXSXQHFDSDGLQFDQDOHVWHPDL VXVGHFkWSDUFHOHOH&HHGHIFXWGDFHDVHDPDLMRV"$FHODLOXFUXSHFDUHvOIDFFKLQH]LLVDXHJLSWHQLLULGLFDLDSDFXFkLYDFHQWLPHWUL2SXWHLIDFHFXPDUHJUHXWDWHFXDMXWRUXOXQHLJOHLVDXSXWHLGHVFRSHULRPHWRGPDLLQJHQLRDVGHH[HPSOXRPLFSRPSGHEHQ]LQVDXRPRDUGHYkQW
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Roadele cmpului
3HQWUXFLQHWULHWHvQDXWDUKLHFRSDFLLFHLPDLIRORVLWRULVXQWvQRUGLQHDLPSRUWDQHLFDVWDQXOFRPHVWLELOFHOPDLEXQSHQWUXOHPQGHFRQVWUXFLLVWHMDUXO IUDVLQXOL]DGDQ$PHULFD GH1RUG VHPDL DGDXJ KLFRUL DUDUXO L FLUHXO VOEDWLF 'DF GLVSXQHL GH XQIHUVWUXSRWULYLWYSRDWHXWLORULFHOHPQGHHVHQWDUHLFKLDULOHPQXOGHHVHQPRDOH
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&DVWDQXOFRPHVWLELOVHGHVSLFIRDUWHELQH(OFUHWHUHSHGHLGUHSWHVWHVROLGLUH]LVWODSXWUH]HDOPDLELQHFDRULFDUHDOWFRSDF6WHMDUXOVHODVLHOXRUGHVSLFDWGDUQXODIHOGHXRU,QLPDVWHMDUXOXLHVWHGHDVHPHQHDIRDUWHUH]LVWHQWLDUHRPDUHORQJHYLWDWHvQVFKLPE
Baros
B
DOEXUQXOPDLDOHVODVWHMDULLWLQHULQXHVWHXWLOL]DELO6WHMDUXOFUHWHIRDUWHvQFHWLDUHQHYRLHGHXQVROEXQSHQWUXDVHGH]YROWD)UDVLQXOHVWHUH]LVWHQWLH[LELOGDUSXWUH]HWHvQSPkQW(VWHGUHSWFUHWHUHSHGHLVHGHVSLFXRU8WLOL]DWODVXSUDIDFKLDULH[SXVLQWHPSHULLORUYDUH]LVWDPXOWFXFRQGLLDVvOXQJHLGLQFkQGvQFkQGFXXOHLVDXFXFUHR]RW(VWHLQGLFDWSHQWUXSRULLEDULHUH=DGDHXQFRSDFDSDUWHGHRDUHFHHVWHFRQLIHU vQVWRDPQDvLFDGDFHOH&UHWHIRDUWHUHSHGHLGDFvLGDLFXFUHR]RWUH]LVWvQSPkQWFHOPDLELQHGLQWUHWRDWHFRQLIHUHOH7RDWHFHOHODOWHFRQLIHUHL OHPQHFXHVHQPRDOHVXQWLQXWLOL]DELOHvQVROGDFQXDXIRVWWUDWDWHvQSUHDODELOFXFUHR]RWVXESUHVLXQHLFKLDUDDHOHQXUH]LVWIRDUWHmult.
&LUHXOFDGHDOWIHOWRLSRPLLIUXFWLIHULDUHRHVHQWDUHLHVWHIRDUWHEXQFDOHPQGHIRF7RLSRPLL IUXFWLIHULVXQW LQGLFDLSHQWUXIDEULFDUHDRELHFWHORUUH]LVWHQWHGHH[HPSOXSDOHWHOHURLORUSHQWUXPRULOHGHDS(SFDWVvLLURVLLIRORVLQGXLFDUXL/HPQXOGHKLFRULHVWHFHOPDLEXQSHQWUXPkQHUHOHXQHOWHORU$FHVWDQXFUHWHvQ(XURSDQXWLXGHFHGHFLWUHEXLHLPSRUWDWVDXvQORFXLWFXIUDVLQFDUHHXQVXEVWLWXWGHVWXOGHEXQ8OPXOGLQSFDWHGHFLPDWvQ]LXDGHD]LGLQFDX]DXQXLYLUXVHVWHIRDUWHEXQSHQWUXRELHFWHOHFDUHQXWUHEXLHVFUDSHXRUFXPDURVLLOHGHODURLEXWXFLLGHWLDWLSODQDGHPFHODU5H]LVWIDQWDVWLF VXE DS $UDUXO L VLFRPRUXO VH SUHOXFUHD] XRU L VXQW EXQL SHQWUX VFXOSWDW5HJHOHOHPQXOXLUPkQHvQVQXFXOHOQXWUHEXLHWLDWvQDLQWHGHGHDQLEDFKLDUDUPDLELQHVDWHSWDLGHDQLGDFDYHLUEGDUH
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1 2 3 4
Roadele cmpului
DFHVWVFRS0HVWHDFQXODOEHVWHEXQGRDUFDOHPQGHIRFQXLSHQWUXDOWFHYD'HJDMPXOWFOGXUFkQGHXVFDWLFUHWHUHSHGH&RQLIHUHOHQXVXQWIRDUWHEXQH/DVPXOWHDFKLLLVHFRQVXPUHSHGHGDUvQULOHQRUGLFHXQGHQXFUHVFDOLFRSDFLRDPHQLLVXQWQHYRLLVOHIRORVHDVFSHQWUXDVHvQFO]L0HVWHDFQXOHVWHPDLEXQLFUHWHFHOPDLODQRUGGLQWUHWRDWHIRLRDVHOH$UEXWLLVOEDWLFLFXPDUDULQXOVDXVDOFLDFSUHDVFVXQWIRDUWHHFLLFkQGVXQWYHU]LGDUSRWDULFkQGVXQWXVFDLGHLQLFLDWXQFLQXDUGELQHLQXGHJDMFOGXUSUHDPXOWWLPS'DUFHDOWFHYDSXWHPIDFHFXHL"
7RDWH OHPQHOHGLQ OXPHDUG'DFWRWXLSODQWDLFRSDFLVSHFLDOSHQWUX OHPQGH IRFDWXQFLSXQHLIUDVLQL,DUFDVYH[SORDWDLEXFLFDGHSGXUHODPD[LPXPUHWH]DLIUDVLQLLFkQGDWLQJXQGLDPHWUXGHFPLOVDLLVFUHDVFODORF'LQHFDUHWUXQFKLUHWH]DWYRUFUHWHPDLPXOLOVWDUL7LDLLLSHDFHWLDGXSDQLDSRLOVDLLGLQQRXVFUHDVF'DFVXQWWLDLDVWIHOGLQvQDQLFRSDFLLSRWUH]LVWDVXWHGHDQL
3ODQWDLSXLHLL IRDUWHDSURDSHXQXOGHFHOODOWFDPODPDVWIHOYRUFUHWHGUHSLL vQDOL&kQG vQFHS VGHYLQ vQJKHVXLL VFRDWHL FkLYDGLQWUH HL RELQkQGDVWIHO SULPDUHFROW,DUQDSODQWDLFRSDFLGHFHOSXLQWUHLDQL3XWHLVvLFXPSUDLGLQWURSHSLQLHUVDXGLQWUXQRFROVLOYLFVDXSXWHLVvLFUHWHLFKLDUGYVGLQVHPLQH3HQWUXDQXVHVXIRFDVPXOJHLEXUXLHQLOHFDUHFUHVFODED]DORUvQSULPLLWUHLVDXSDWUXDQL'DFWLDLFUHQJLOHMRDVHDOHFRSDFLORUWLQHULYHLDYHDXQOHPQFXUDWLIUQRGXUL%OHJDUXOVDXFRPSRVWXOIDFFRSDFLLVFUHDVFPDLUHSHGH,DUGDFHVWHQHFHVDUWXUQDLvQVROXQDGDRVGHIRVIDWSRWDVVDXYDU
QSGXULOHGHMDH[LVWHQWHVFRDWHLDUEXWLLVOEDWLFLDULQVDOFLHFSUHDVFPUFLQLSHQWUXFDFHLODOLV WULDVFPDLELQH$UEXWLLDGRUSPkQWXOPOWLQRVGHFLGUHQDLOLQHLRLOHFDSUHOHLYDFLOHGHSDUWHFDVSRDWFUHWHSXLHLL'DFDYHLWLPSWLDLWXIHOHVDXOVDLSRUFLLSULQSGXUH$FHWLDRYRUFXUDYRUvQJUDSPkQWXOLQLFLQXYRUGLVWUXJHFRSDFLLPDUL'HDVHPHQHDWRDPQDYRUUH]LVWDOXQLGH]LOHPkQFkQGQXPDLJKLQGHLMLU
5 876
B
B B
-
-
s - B
-- -
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B
$H]DLXQDSHVWHDOWDVFkQGXULOHSHPVXUFHVXQWGHELWDWHGLQWUXQFKLOVkQGvQWUHHOHGLVWDQLHUHGHOHPQFDVWUHDFDHUXO3XWHLXVFDOHPQXOUHSHGHEJkQGXOODFXSWRUGDUHSUHIHUDELO V vO OVDL V VHXVXFHGH OD VLQH8QHOH OHPQH FXPDUFHOHGH IUDVLQSRWEJDWHSHQWUXFkWHYDVSWPkQLvQWUXQUkXSHQWUXDVWLPXODLHLUHDVHYHL$VWIHOVHDFFHOHUHD]XVFDUHDGDUDQXPLLFRSDFLVHXVXFGHWRWGHDELDGXSFkLYDDQL'DFDYHLQHYRLHGHOHPQSHQWUXPRELOGHH[HPSOXGHVLJXUFDFHVWDQXPDLWUHEXLHVHH[LELO3HQWUX OXFUULPDLSXLQUDQDWH vQVFXPDURSRDUWVDXFKLDUFRQVWUXFLDDQXPLWRU
Roadele cmpului
FOGLULFRQWHD]PDLSXLQGDFOHPQXOHXVFDW
1XXLWDLQLFLRGDWFSGXUHDWUHEXLHSULYLWFDRULFHDOWFXOWXU1XH]LWDLVWLDLFRSDFLLDGXOLFkQGHQHYRLHGDUSODQWDLvQWRWGHDXQDPDLPXOLGHFkWWLDL
$QLPDOHOHGRPHVWLFHSRW LQXWH vQ WXUPDOWIHO VSXV VXSUDYHJKHDWHGHXQRPSHWHUHQXODIHFWDWORU'DUFLQHWULHWHvQDXWDUKLHHVWHvQPRGVLJXUIRDUWHRFXSDW*DUGXULOHQXGRDUFvOYRUVFXWLSHHOSHVRLDLSHFRSLLLOXLGHVXSUDYHJKHUHDWXUPHLFDUHFRQVXPIRDUWHPXOWWLPSFLYRULRXQHDOWLQGLVSHQVDELOSHQWUXH[SRODWDUHDPDLEXQDWHUHQXOXL)UJDUGXULQXSXWHLOVDRLOHVDXYDFLOHVSDVFSDUFHOHOHFXFXOWXULIXUDMHUHQXSXWHLDGXFHSRUFLLSHFkPSQXSXWHLQLFLPFDUvPSLHGLFDJLQLOHVDXFDSUHOHVLQWUHvQJUGLQ
*DUGXOYLXHVWHEDULHUDFHDPDLQDWXUDOLPDLLHIWLQSHFDUHRSXWHLFRQVWUXL6HFKHDPYLXGHRDUHFHHVWHYHUGHLVHRELQHSULQSODQWDUHDGHWXIHVSLQRDVHvQJHQHUDOGHSGXFHO XQHOH OkQJ DOWHOH3XLHLL GH FLUFD FP vQOLPHSRWSXL SHGRX UkQGXULGHFDODLDYkQGFLUFDFPvQWUHFHOHGRXUkQGXULGDUFPvQWUHSXLHL
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Tunderea gardului viu 2GDWFHJDUGXOYLXH[LVWGDF vO vQJULMLLYDUH]LVWD WLPSGHVXWHGHDQLQJULMLUHDVHIDFHSULQWXQGHUHDGLFRGDWODFLQFLDQLVHWDLHPDLWRDWHFUHQJLOHGHODMXPWDWHLVHvQFOLQ&UHQJLOHWUHEXLHvQFOLQDWHvQDFHHDLGLUHFLHPHUHXvQVXVXOSDQWHL$SOHFDLOHXQDSHVWHDOWDVDXGDFHVWHSRVLELOvPSOHWLLOHLPHQLQHLOHODXQJKLXOSRWULYLWSULQEHHGH VXVLQHUH8QHRULSXWHL vQWUHHVHYkUIXULOH WLMHORU FXQXLHOHGHDOXQVDXGHUFKLWFDODvPSOHWLWXULOHGHFRXUL&XWLPSXOvPSOHWLWXULOHLEHHOHGHVXVLQHUHSXWUH]HVFLGLVSDUGDUJDUGXOYLXYDGD OVWDULQRLLYDGHVWXOGHUH]LVWHQW ODDFLXQHDanimalelor.
(VWHPXOWGHOXFUXODXQJDUGYLXGDUPXQFDQXH vQ]DGDUFFLDFHVWJDUGGXUHD]ODLQQLWQSOXVHVWHIUXPRVLQHGHDGSRVWSHQWUXSVULLDOWHDQLPDOHPLFLLDSULvPSRWULYDYkQWXOXLFHHDFHHIRDUWHLPSRUWDQWvQUHJLXQLOHFXYkQWSXWHUQLF2GLQLRDUHUDRVXUVFRQWLQXGHOHPQLRDUHSHQWUXFXSWRUXOGHSkLQHIUVQHFHVLWHQLFLXQHIRUWVXSOLPHQWDUFDVQXPDLYRUELPGHPXUHOHFHSRWFXOHVH3XWHLUHSDUDXRUXQJDUGYLXvPEWUkQLWGDFvOWXQGHLVDXGDFUHSODQWDLXQGHHVWHFD]XO
B
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6HSRDWHIDFHXQFRPSURPLVvQWUH]LGXOGHSLDWULJDUGXOYLX9HLYHGHDDVHPHQHDJDUGXULvQSURYLQFLLOHXQGHVHJVHVFSLHWUHQDWXUDOHURWXQMLWHVDXSLHWUHGHUkXQXSLHWUHGUHSWXQJKLXODUHFDvQUHJLXQLOHFDOFDURDVH6HULGLFGRX]LGXULGHSLDWUDYkQGRvQFOLQDUHGHVWXOGHSURQXQDWXQXOVSUHFHOODOW*ROXULOHGLQWUHSLHWUHVHXPSOXFXWXUELDUVSDLXOGLQWUH ]LGXUL FXSPkQW QYkUI VHSODQWHD]XQDUEXVW VSLQRV'XSXQDQ VDXGRLGLQSPkQWLWXUEYRUFUHWHLDUEDEXUXLHQLOHLWXIHOH=LGXODUDWGHVWXOGHELQHGDUVLQFHUVXQXSUHDIDFHIDDQLPDOHORU'DFYXLWDLODRVXWGHDVWIHOGH]LGXULYJDUDQWH]FYHLJVLGHDOXQJXODGLQWUHHOHFkWHYDUHGHVkUPJKLPSDWVDXFKLDUSODVSHQWUXRL$FHVWH]LGXULQXVXQWWRFPDLHFDFHGHFLGDFGLVSXQHLGHDDFHYDvQWULLOHFXVkUPJKLPSDW
'DFSXWHLIDFHUXLGLQSURSULDSGXUHXQJDUGGLQvPSOHWLWXUGHQXLHOHQXYYDFRVWDQLPLFvQDIDUGHPXQFVHFRQVWUXLHWHUHSHGHGDUQXGXUHD]SUHDPXOWQJHLvQSPkQWUXLDVFXLLODXQLQWHUYDOGHFLUFDGHFHQWLPHWULDSRLvPSOHWLLSULQWUHHLQXLHOHGHUFKLWDOXQLHGHUPXUVDXRULFHDOWSODQWFUWRDUHvQDDIHOvQFkWVUH]XOWHRIkLHFRQWLQXPSOHWLWXUDVHXVXFUHSHGHVHFUDSSXWUH]HWHLWUHEXLHvQORFXLWUXLLSXWUH]HVFLHLLVHUXSvQFkLYDDQLvQDIDUGHDFHLDGLQOHPQGHFDVWDQVWHMDUVDXDOWOHPQWDUH3ULQXUPDUHvQ]RQHOHvQFDUHUXLLVDXDUDFLLVXQWVFXPSLVDXJUHXGHJVLWQXVHSUHDvQWkOQHWHDFHVWWLSGHJDUG
8QJDUGIFXWGLQVWLQJKLLWUDQVYHUVDOHGHOHPQHVWHPDLVROLGLGDFDYHLSURSULDVXUVGHOHPQPDLHFRQRPLF$FHVWDHVWHDOFWXLWGLQUXLVROL]LHGLQOHPQWDUHHGLQOHPQPRDOHLPSUHJQDWFXFUHR]RWELQHvQSLvQSPkQWL OHJDL vQWUHHLSULQVWLQJKLLGH
Roadele cmpului
OHPQEWXWHvQFXLH6HVSXQHF$EUDKDP/LQFROQIRVWXOSUHHGLQWHDO6WDWHORU8QLWHVHRFXSDvQWLQHUHHFXWLDWXO OHPQHORUSHQWUXVWLQJKLL$FHVWHDHUDXIUvQGRLDOGHVWLQDWHJDUGXULORUFFLODYUHPHDDFHHDVkUPDDFHDVWLQYHQLHPLQXQDWQXHUDvQFUVSkQGLWLDUHPLJUDQLLFHVHVWDELOHDXvQ$PHULFDGH1RUGDYHDXQHYRLHGHJDUGXULvQFDQWLWDWHPDUH6WLQJKLLOHGH OHPQDX IRVW VROXLD ORU ODYUHPHDUHVSHFWLY([LVWD L YDULDQWDJDUGXOXL FXVWLQJKLLGLVSXVHvQ]LJ]DJ$FHVWDRIHUHDRVROLGLWDWHODWHUDOPDLPDUHGDUGHVLJXUFRQVXPDmai mult lemn.
6ROXLD GH YLV D SURSULHWDULORU GH JDUGXUL D IRVW LQYHQLD VkUPHL GH RHO JDOYDQL]DW3RDWHVXEIRUPGHVkUPVLPSOGHRHOGHRELFHLIRDUWHUH]LVWHQWODvQWLQGHUHVkUP
B B
---
- -
-
B
JKLPSDW VDX SODV 6kUPD VLPSO QX HVWH HFLHQW GHFkW GDF HVWH ELQH vQWLQV 6kUPDJKLPSDWHVWHPDLEXQGDFHWHQVLRQDWGDUGHPXOWHRULVHvQWkPSOFDvQWUHDQLPDOHLRFXOWXUYDORURDVVQXH[LVWHGHFkWXQXOVDXGRXUHGHVkUPJKLPSDW[DWHLHOHODYRLDvQWkPSOULLSHXQJDUGYLXUDKLWLF3ODVDGHVkUPHIRDUWHHFLHQWGDUDGHYHQLWVFXPSvQ]LOHOHQRDVWUH3HQWUXRVLWXDLHSHUPDQHQWSODVDGHVkUPFXRFKLXULGUHSWXQJKLXODUHHVWHPDLUH]LVWHQWGDUPDLLQFRPRGGDFWUHEXLHGHSODVDWIUHFYHQWvQVFKLPESODVDFXRFKLXULURPELFHHVWHPDLSXLQUH]LVWHQWGDUSRDWHUXODWLPXWDWGHVGHDFHHDHVWHVROXLDLGHDOSHQWUXURWDLDRLORUSHVROH
-
Roadele cmpului
- -
- -
i -
-
B
([LVW WUHL YDULDQWH GH SURSXOVDUH D PDLQLORU GH FDUH DYHL QHYRLH vQ JRVSRGULHWUDFWRDUHDJULFROHPRWRFXOWRDUHLDQLPDOH
7UDFWRDUHOHDJULFROHVXQWIRDUWHPDULvQJUR]LWRUGHVFXPSHFXH[FHSLDFHORUIRDUWHYHFKLFRVWLVLWRUGHvQWUHLQXWLQHDGDSWDWHWHUHQXULORUPLFLVDXJUGLQLORUGHOHJXPHFFLGDFIDFHLPDQHYUHSHVSDLLPLFLURLOHORUFRPSDFWHD]VROXOGLVWUXJkQGXOQDQXPLWHVLWXDLLDPIRVWQHYRLWVIRORVHVFWUDFWRUXODJULFROvQJUGLQLDUGHHFDUHGDWDPUHJUHWDW
8QPRWRFXOWRUHVWHFXWRWXODOWFHYD(XRUPDLXRUGHFkWXQFDOSXWHLFKLDUV vOWUDQVSRUWDLPDQXDOGDFQXHSUHDPDUHQXWDVHD]SPkQWXOLFRVWGHVWXOGHSXLQVvOFXPSUDLGDULVvOvQWUHLQHL7UHFHIRDUWHELQHSULQFROXULLSULQWUHEUD]GHOHFXOWLYDWH3RDWHXWLOL]DWGHDVHPHQHDSHQWUXPXOWHDOWH OXFUXULXQPRGHORELQXLW WXQGHJD]RQXOFXRODPFXOLVDQWVDXFLUFXODUWDLHOHPQHWUDFWHD]WRWIHOXOGHPLFLPDLQULLDJULFROHIUH]HD]DUQXIRDUWHELQHLFDPOHQWJUSHD]WHUHQXOvQOLQLHUHPRUFKHD]RFUXPLF L vQOWXU ]SDGD GLQ JUGLQ 3XWHL vQV H[HFXWD LPDQXDO DSURDSH WRDWH DFHVWH
B
Roadele cmpului
OXFUULGHVHRULODIHOGHUHSHGHLXQHRULFKLDUPDLUHSHGH,DUvQFRPSDUDLHFXXQWUDFWRUDJULFROVDXFXXQFDOPRWRFXOWRDUHOHVXQWH[WUHPGHOHQWH
&XXQWUDFWRUPLFSXWHLDUDKHFWDUHSH]LIDGHKHFWDUHFXXQWUDFWRUPDUHLDUDVWDLQGLIHUHQWGHGXULWDWHDVROXOXL&XXQFDOYHLDMXQJHSRDWHSkQODKDLODKDFXGRLFDL'DUXQVLQJXUFDOQXWUDJHGHFkWXQSOXJPLFLQXSRDWHDUDGHFkWWHUHQXODUDELO9WUHEXLHGRLFDLSHQWUXDDUDRSXQH&XXQPRWRFXOWRUYYDOXDFkWHYD]LOHVDUDLKDLYHLvQQHEXQLGHSOLFWLVHDOLGHOD]JRPRWXOPRWRUXOXL3XWHLVLIUH]DLFXHOGDUYYDOXDIRDUWHPXOWWLPS
7UDFWRDUHOHLPRWRFXOWRDUHOHDXGRXDYDQWDMHSULQFLSDOHHOHQXPQkQFLQXEHDXFkQGQXVXQWIRORVLWHLQXWUHEXLHVYRFXSDLSPkQWXOFXOWLYkQGIXUDMHSHQWUXHOH7UHEXLHWRWXL V FKHOWXLL EDQL SHQWUX D OH DOLPHQWD FKLDU GDF PRWRFXOWRDUHOH FRQVXP IRDUWHSXLQ3HGHDOWSDUWHFDOXOFHOPDLEXQH[HPSOXGHWUDFLXQHDQLPDOQXDUHQHYRLHGHFDUEXUDQWFXPSUDWGLQDIDUDIHUPHL vOSXWHLKUQLGLQFXOWXULOHGYV0DLDUHvQFXQDYDQWDMSRDWHGDQDWHUHXQXLDOWFDO(VWHSXLQSUREDELOVVHLQYHQWH]HYUHRGDWXQWUDFWRUvQVWDUHVVHUHSURGXF(GUHSWvQVFXQWUDFWRUDJULFROSRDWHvQYkUWLvQWUXQPRGIRDUWHHFLHQWXQIHUVWUXFLUFXODUVDXRULFHDOWPDLQDJULFROPRDUWRFWRUGHSDLHHWFLVHSRDWHFRQHFWDXQWUROLXSXWHUQLFSHQWUXGRERUkUHDVDXGH]UGFLQDUHDFRSDFLORUSRDWHWUDJHRUHPRUFPDUHVDXRFUXSRDWHVSDJURSLSHQWUXVWkOSLLSRDWHRSHUDRORSDWPHFDQLFSHQWUXDVSDDQXULFXPDUHJUHXWDWHvQV(VWHGHFLRPDLQULHSROLYDOHQW
3XWHP vQFHUFD V UH]XPPDFHDVW SUREOHP FRPSOLFDW vQ IHOXO XUPWRU GDF QXDYHLGHFkWRJUGLQXQPRWRFXOWRUYDUGHPDUHDMXWRUPDLDOHVGDFYUHLVLVFXWLW
Oarecare
Deloc Deloc Deloc Deloc
Nu Nu
Nu Nu Da Da Da Da
Nu Nu Da Nu Da Da
B
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QFD]XOvQFDUHDYHLPDLPXOWGHKHFWDUHLYSODFFDLLXQFDOPLFDUIRDUWHSRWULYLW'DFSPkQWXODIRVWDIkQDWGHSRUFLVDXGHXQWUDFWRUvPSUXPXWDWXQFDOPLFYDFDSDELOVvO vQWUHLQVvOFXUHHLVYDGXFLPXOWEXFXULH%LQHvQHOHVXQPRGHOPDUHGHPRWRFXOWRUDUOXFUDODIHOGHELQHFKLDUGDFQXODIHOGHSOFXW2MXPWDWHGHKHFWDUGHSPkQWIRDUWHEXQHVWHGHDMXQVSHQWUXDDVLJXUDKUDQDDQXDODXQXLFDOLDUGDFSPkQWXOHVWHPDLVUDFWUHEXLHXQKHFWDULFHYD1XYOVDLGHVFXUDMDLGHFHLFDUHVXVLQFXQFDOQXWUDQVIRUPvQHQHUJLHGHFkWXQDQXPLWSURFHQWGLQFHFRQVXP&DOXOQXULVLSHWHQLFLXQJUDPGLQKUDQFHHDFHQXWUDQVIRUPvQHQHUJLHvQDSRLD]SPkQWXOXLVXEIRUPDXQXLvQJUPkQWH[FHSLRQDO&DOXOHVWHGHIRORVFKLDULvQWURIHUPIRDUWHPLFvQDFHVWFD]YDWUHEXLVvLFXPSUDLIkQLRY]VDXSRUXPE(FDLFXPDLFXPSUDGLQH[WHULRUvQJUPkQWSHQWUXSPkQWXOGYV
'DFGLVSXQHLGHKHFWDUHVDXFKLDUPDLPXOWLGDFJVLLXQWUDFWRUGHRFD]LHvQVWDUHEXQQXSUHDVFXPSLGDFWLLVvOvQWUHLQHLGYVvQLYYHLVFXWLWGHPXOWPXQF'RLFDLEXQLYRUIDFHDFHODLOXFUXGDUvQWUXQWLPSGHWUHLRULPDLOXQJ
$OWH DQLPDOH GH WUDFLXQH VXQW ERLL FDWkULL PJDULL HOHIDQLL ELYROLL ODPHOH LDFLLFPLOHOHLUHQLL/HDPvQFHUFDWSHWRDWHFHOSXLQRGDWFXH[FHSLDLDFLORULDUHQLORUGDUVLQJXULLFDUHvOYRULQWHUHVDSHFHOFDUHYUHDVWULDVFvQDXWDUKLHvQ(XURSDVDXvQ$PHULFDGH1RUGVXQWERLLFDWkULLLSRDWHPJDULL
%RLLVXQWIRDUWHEXQLFDDQLPDOHGHWUDFLXQH6XQWPXOWPDLOHQLGHFkWFDLLGDUH[HUFLWR WUDFLXQH IRDUWHPDUH L FRQVWDQW8QLL FDL DX WHQGLQD V VPXFHDVF JUHXWLOHPDULSURYRFkQGSDJXEHvQVDPY]XWERLFDUHFGHDXvQJHQXQFKLWUJkQGRFUXJUHDEORFDWvQQRURLGDUFRQWLQXDXVH[HUFLWHRWUDFLXQHIRUPLGDELO'XSRYLDGHWUD