Post on 26-Jan-2020
PRODUSUL INTERN BRUT (PIB) PIB�H[SULP �YDORDUHD�EUXW ��GH�SLD �D�SURGXF LHL�ILQDOH�GH�EXQXUL�úL�VHUYLFLL�RE LQXW �vQWU-un
DQ�GH�DJHQ LL�HFRQRPLFL�DXWRKWRQL�úL�VWU LQL�FDUH�vúL�GHVI úRDU �DFWLYLWDWHD�vQ�LQWHULRUXO� ULL� a) Metoda de produF LH��PHWRGD�YDORULL�DG XJDWH�
iii CIPBVAB −= , unde:
iVAB - YDORDUHD�DG XJDW �EUXW �FUHDW �vQ�VHFWRUXO�i �OD�SUH XULOH�GH�ED] ��
iPB - SURGXF LD�JOREDO �EUXW �vQ�VHFWRUXO�i;
iCI - consumul intermediar din sectorul i.
3ULQ�vQVXPDUHD�YDORULORU�DG XJDWH�EUXWH�FUHDWH�vQ�VHFWRDUHOH�VDX�UDPXULOH�HFRQRPLHL�VH�RE LQH�
YDORDUHD�DG XJDW �EUXW �OD�QLYHOXO�HFRQRPLHL�
∑= iVABVAB
9DORDUHD� DG XJDW � EUXW � VH� H[SULP � OD� SUH XULOH� GH� ED] � �SUH XULOH� IDFWRULORU��� FDUH� LQFOXG�
VXEYHQ LLOH�SH�SURGXV�GDU�H[FOXG�LPSR]LWHOH�SH�SURGXV�úL�WD[D�SH�YDORDUHD�DG XJDW ��
Indicatori macroeconomici de rezultate
3HQWUX�D�RE LQH�PIB,�FDUH�VH�H[SULP �OD�SUH XULOH�SLH HL��VH�IRORVHúWH�UHOD LD�
SPTVIPVABPIB −++= , unde: VAB - YDORDUHD�DG XJDW �EUXW ��OD�SUH XULOH�GH�ED] �� IP - LPSR]LWH�SH�SURGXV�LQFOXVLY�WD[D�SH�YDORDUH�DG XJDW � TV - taxe vamale; SP - VXEYHQ LL�SH�SURGXV�úL�SHQWUX�LPSRUW�
b) Metoda cheltuielilor� �PHWRGD� XWLOL] ULL� ILQDOH�� SUHVXSXQH� HYLGHQ LHUHD� FKHOWXLHOLORU�SHQWUX�EXQXULOH�úL�VHUYLFLLOH�ILQDOH�vQ�IXQF LH�GH�GHVWLQD LD�DFHVWRUD��FRQVXPXO�SRSXOD LHL�(CP��� FRQVXPXO� DGPLQLVWUD LHL� �CA��� IRUPDUHD� EUXW � GH� FDSLWDO� �FBC�� úL� H[SRUWXO� QHW�(EXN). Valoarea PIB� OD� SUH XULOH� SLH HL� VH� RE LQH� SULQ� vQVXPDUHD� DFHVWRU� FKHOWXLHOL��FRQIRUP�UHOD LHL�XUP WRDUH�
,IMEXEXN
SFBCFFBC
CACPCF
EXNFBCCACPPIB
−=
∆+=
+=
+++=
unde: CF - consumul final; FBCF - IRUPDUHD�EUXW �GH�FDSLWDO�IL[�VDX�LQYHVWL LL�FDSLWale brute;
S∆ - modificarea stocurilor; EX - export; IM - import.
c) Metoda veniturilor��PHWRGD�UHSDUWL LHL�
SEIPRIEBERSPIB −++= ,
unde: RS - compensarea factorului�PXQF ��UHPXQHUDUHD�VDODULD LORU�� EBE - excedentul brut de exploatare; IPRI - LPSR]LWH�OHJDWH�GH�SURGXF LH�úL�GH�LPSRUW� SE - VXEYHQ LL�GH�H[SORDWDUH�úL�GH�LPSRUW�
PRODUSUL INTERN NET (PIN)
3,1�H[SULP �YDORDUHD�DG XJDW �QHW �D�EXQXULORU� úL� VHUYLFLLORU� ILQDOH�SURGXVH� vQWU-un an de
WR L�DJHQ LL�HFRQRPLFL�LQWHUQL��PIN�VH�FDOFXOHD] �DWkW�OD�SUH XO�SLH HL�FkW�úL�OD�SUH XO�IDFWRULORU��SUH XUL�GH�ED] ��
APIBPIN −=
352'868/�1$ ,21$L BRUT (PNB) PNB�UHSUH]LQW �YDORDUHD�EUXW ��GH�SLD ��D�EXQXULORU�úL�VHUYLFLLORU�ILQDOH�RE LQXWH�vQWU-un an
GH�DJHQ LL�HFRQRPLFL�UH]LGHQ L�DWkW�vQ�LQWHULRUXO� ULL��FkW�úL�vQ�H[WHULRUXO� ULL�FDUH�DX�IRVW�XWLOL]DWH�vQ�LQWHULRUXO� ULL�� 6H� RE LQH� FRUHFWkQG PIB� FX� VROGXO� YHQLWXULORU� IDFWRULORU� vQ� UDSRUW� FX� VWU LQ WDWHD�(SVFS):
SVFSPIBPNB +=
352'868/�1$ ,21$/�1(7��PNN) PNN�P VRDU �YDORDUHD�DG XJDW �QHW �D�EXQXULORU�úL�VHUYLFLLORU�ILQDOH�RE LQXWH�vQWU-un an de
DJHQ LL� HFRQRPLFL� UH]LGHQ L� vQ� LQWHULRUXO� VDX� vQ� H[WHULRUXO� ULL� GDU� FDUH� DX� UHYHQLW� VXELHFWHORU�economice interne:
APNBPNN −= sau SVFSPINPNN +=
9(1,78/�1$ ,21$/��VN) 91�H[SULP � YHQLWXULOH� IDFWRULORU� GH� SURGXF LH� LPSOLFD L� vQ� DFWLYLWDWHD� HFRQRPLF � �YHQLWXUL�
din PXQF � úL� GLQ� SURSULHWDWH��� 9HQLWXO� QD LRQDO� HVWH� SURGXVXO� QD LRQDO� QHW� OD� SUH XULOH� IDFWRULORU��SUH XULOH�GH�ED] ��
pbPNNVN =
9(1,78/�1$ ,21$/�%587��VNB)
AVNVNB += 9(1,78/� 1$ ,21$/� ',6321,%,/ (VND) este VN corectat cu transferuri cu
VWU LQ WDWHD�FDUH�QX�DX�OHJ WXU �FX�SURFHVXO�GH�SURGXF LH��FRWL]D LL��DMXWRDUH��WD[H�HWF���
STCSVNVND += ,
unde: STCS -�VROGXO��vQFDV UL�PLQXV�SO L��WUDQVIHUXULORU�FXUHQWH�FX�VWU LQ WDWHD�
VENITUL PERSONAL AL MENAJELOR (VPM) repre]LQW �SDUWHD�GLQ�YHQLWXO�QD LRQDO�
care revine menajelor:
TMVASVNVP +−= ,
unde: VAS - YHQLWXUL�FDUH�UHYLQ�DOWRU�VHFWRDUH���FRQWULEX LD�SHQWUX�DVLJXU ULOH�VRFLDOH��
profituri nedistribuite ale firmelor, impozitul pe profit; TM - WUDQVIHUXUL�F WUH�PHQDMH��SHQVLL��DMXWRU�GH�úRPDM��DOWH�DMXWRDUH��EXUVH��DORFD LL�
VENITUL DISPONIBIL AL MENAJELOR (VDM)� HVWH� YDORDUHD� U PDV � GXS � SODWD�LPSR]LWHORU�úL�WD[HORU�SO WLWH�GH�SRSXOD LH�
Imp.pop.−= VPMVDM
Venitul�SHUVRQDO�GLVSRQLELO�HVWH�IRORVLW�SHQWUX�FXPS UDUHD�EXQXULORU�úL�VHUYLFLLORU�GH�FRQVXP�
úL�SHQWUX�HFRQRPLVLUH� ,1',&$725,�'(5,9$ ,�
¾�rata consumului�H[SULP �SRQGHUHD�FRQVXPXOXL�ILQDO�VDX�D�XQHLD�GLQ�FHOH�GRX �FRPSRQHQWH��FRQVXP�SULYDW�úL�FRQVXP�SXEOLF��vQ PIB;
¾�UDWD�LQYHVWL LLORU�P VRDU �SRQGHUHD�LQYHVWL LLORU�EUXWH�VDX�QHWH�vQ�PIB, respectiv PIN;
¾�UDWD�YHQLWXULORU�GLQ�PXQF �DUDW �FH�SURFHQW�GLQ�VN�GH LQH�DFHDVW �FRPSRQHQW �
¾�UDWD�FRPHU XOXL�H[WHULRU�FRPSDU �VXE�IRUP �GH�UDSRUW�LPSRUWXO�VDX�H[SRUWXO�FX�PIB;
¾�PIB/locuitor�P VRDU �UH]XOWDWHOH�FH�UHYLQ�vQ�PHGLH�SH�R�SHUVRDQ �
¾�HILFLHQ D�IDFWRULORU�GH�SURGXF LH� • productivitatea muncii = PIB�SRSXOD LH�RFXSDW � • productivitatea capitalului fix = PIB�YDORDUHD�PHGLH�DQXDO �D�FDSLWDOXOXL�IL[� • HILFLHQ D�FRQVXPXOXL�HQHUJHWLc= PIB/consum de energie etc.
¾�UDWH�VSHFLILFH�FRQWDELOLW LL�QD LRQDOH� • UDWD�GH�HFRQRPLH�D�PHQDMHORU�HVWH�UDSRUWXO�GLQWUH�HFRQRPLD�EUXW �úL�YHQLWXO�GLVSRQLELO�EUXW�DO�
menajelor; • UDWD�GH�HFRQRPLH�ILQDQFLDU �VH�FDOFXOHD] �FD�UDSRUW�vQWUH�FDSDFLWDWHD��QHFHVDUXO��GH�ILQDQ DUH�
úL�YHQLWXO�GLVSRQLELO�EUXW�SH�WRWDO�HFRQRPLH� • UDWD�H[FHGHQWXOXL�EUXW�HVWH�UH]XOWDWXO�vPS U LULL�H[FHGHQWXOXL�EUXW�GH�H[SORDWDUH�OD�YDORDUHD�
DG XJDW �EUXW � • UDWD�GH�SUHVLXQH�ILVFDO �UHSUH]LQW �SRQGHUHD�LPSR]LWHORU�vQFDVDWH�GH�DGPLQLVWUD LD�SXEOLF �vQ�
PIB; • UDWD�GH�SUHVLXQH�VRFLDO �H[SULP �SRQGHUHD�FRWL]D LLORU�VRFLDOH�HIHFWLYH�vQFDVDWH�GH�VWDW�vQ�PIB.
&203$5$ ,,�Ì1�7,03
3,%�5($/�ù,�',1$0,&$�$&(678,$
PIB real (PIB*)�VH�RE LQH�SULQ�GHIOD LRQDUHD�PIB nominal. 1. 'HIOD LRQDUHD�3,%�QRPLQDO�SULQ utilizarea unui indice de pre XUL de tip Paasche. Acest
LQGLFH�VH�RE LQH� LQGLUHFW�GLQ� UHOD LD�GH�VLVWHP�GLQWUH� LQGLFHOH�YDORULL� � vI (indicele PIB nominal), indicele volumului fizic qI ��GH�WLS�/DVSH\UHV��úL�LQGLFHOH�SUH XULORU� pI .
qvp III ÷= , unde:
∑∑
=00
11
qp
qpI v úL
∑∑
=00
10
qp
qpI q
PIB�UHDO�VH�RE LQH�UDSRUWkQG�PIB QRPLQDO�GLQ�SHULRDGD�FXUHQW �OD�LQGLFHOH�SUH XULORU�
pI
PIBPIB =*
2. Calculul PIB real�FD�VXP �D�FRPSRQHQWHORU�VDOH�GHIOD LRQDWH�
∑=j
jCPIB ** , unde p
C
j
j
jI
CC =*
'H� H[HPSOX�� SRUQLQG� GH� OD� HOHPHQWHOH� GH� XWLOL]DUH� ILQDO ��PIB real se poate determina cu
UHOD LD�
***** EXNFBCCACPPIB +++= Atunci când se cunosc indicii GH� SUH XUL� SH� UDPXUL� HFRQRPLFH��PIB� UHDO� VH� FDOFXOHD] � FX�
UHOD LD��
∑= **iVABPIB ,
unde: *iVAB -� YDORDUHD�DG XJDW �EUXW �GLQ� UDPXUD� i�� GHIOD LRQDW �FX� LQGLFHOH�GH�SUH XUL�
FRUHVSXQ] WRU�UDPXULL�
Deflatorul PIB VH�FDOFXOHD] �FD�raport între PIB�QRPLQDO�úL�PIB real:
*1
1PIB
PIBD =
5DWD�LQIOD LHL
RI = D% -100%
Dinamica PIB real
0
*1
0/1
*
PIB
PIBI PIB =
6$/$5,8/�5($/�ù,�',1$0,&$�$&(678,$ Salariul real (SR)�VH�FDOFXOHD] �FD�UDSRUW�vQWUH�VDODULXO�QRPLQDO�QHW�úL�LQGLFHOH�SUH XULORU�GH�
consum. Salariul nominal net (SN�� OD� QLYHOXO� HFRQRPLHL� VH� FDOFXOHD] � SH� ED]D� XQXL� HúDQWLRQ� GH�
DJHQ L� HFRQRPLFL� DOF WXLW� GLQ� VXEHúDQWLRDQH� UHSUH]HQWDWLYH� SHQWUX� ILHFDUH� UDPXU � �VXEUDPXU �� GH�activitate.
Etape de calcul: 1. Salariul mediu net la nivelul subramurii s:
( )∑
∑ −=
i
iis
T
RFBSSN ,
unde:
iFBS - fondul brut de salarii la nivelul agentului economic i;
iR - WRWDOXO�UH LQHULORU�GLQ�VDODULL�OD�QLYHOXO�DJHQWXOXL�HFRQRPLF�i;
iT - QXP UXO�PHGLX�GH�VDODULD L�OD�QLYHOXO�DJHQWXOXL�HFRQRPLF�i;
2. 6DODULXO�PHGLX�QHW�OD�QLYHOXO�ILHF UHL�UDPXUL�r:
∑∑ ⋅
=s
ssr T
TSNSN ,
unde: Ts -�QXP UXO�PHGLX�GH�VDODULD L�OD�QLYHOXO�VXEUDPXULL�s.
3. 6DODULXO�PHGLX�QHW�OD�QLYHOXO�HFRQRPLHL�QD LRQDOe:
∑∑ ⋅
=r
rr
T
TSNSN ,
unde: Tr –�QXP UXO�PHGLX�GH�VDODULD L�OD�QLYHOXO�UDPXULL r.
,QGLFHOH�SUH XULORU�GH�FRQVXP (tip Laspeyres):
100(%)0
00
00 ∑∑
∑ ⋅=
⋅=
cpp gI
qp
qpIIPC ,
unde: pI - LQGLFL�GH�SUH XUL�SHQWUX�SURGXVH�DOLPHQWDUH��SURGXVH�QHDOLPHQWDUH�úL�VHUYLFLL� cg (%)0 - SRQGHUHD�FKHOWXLHOLORU�GH�FRQVXP�SHQWUX�P UIXUL�DOLPHQWDUH��P UIXUL�
QHDOLPHQWDUH�úL�VHUYLFLL�vQ�WRWDOXO�FKHOWXLHOLORU�GH�FRQVXP��vQ�SHULRDGD�GH�ED] �
Salariul real (SR):
SR0 = SN0
IPC
SNSR 1
1 =
Dinamica salariului real:
IPC
I
SR
SRI
SNSR ==
0
1
5DWD�LQIOD LHL�vQ�GRPHQLXO�FRQVXPXOXL:
RI = IPC% - 100
,QGLFHOH�SXWHULL�GH�FXPS UDUH�D�EDQLORU��IPCB):
IPCIPCB
1=
'LQDPLFD�VDODULXOXL�UHDO�vQ�IXQF LH�GH�VDODULXO�QRPLQDO�úL�GH�SXWHUHD�GH�FXPS UDUH�D�EDQLORU�
IPCBII SNSR ⋅=
PROBLEME REZOLVATE
1. 6H�FXQRVF�XUP WRDUHOH�GDWH�SHQWUX�HFRQRPLD�5RPkQLHL�vQ�SHULRDGD������– 1998:
Tabelul 8.1.
Anii 3,%�vQ�SUH XUL�
curente (mld. lei) ,QGLFLL�3,%�ID �
de 1990 (%) 0 1 2
1990 857,9 100 1991 2203,9 87,1 1992 6029,2 79,4 1993 20035,7 80,6 1994 49773,2 83,8 1995 72135,5 89,8 1996 108919,6 93,4 1997 252925,7 87,7 1998 371193,8 83,5 1999 539356,9 81,6
Sursa: Anuarul Statistic al României, anul 1997, pag. 354, 357; anul 2000, pag. 280-281.
Se cere: 1. deflatorul PIB�vQ�ILHFDUH�DQ�ID �GH������úL�ID �GH�DQXO�SUHFHGHQW� 2. UDWD�LQIOD LHL�vQ�ILHFDUH�DQ�ID �GH������úL�ID �GH�DQXO�SUHFHGHQW� 3. 3,%�UHDO�ID �GH������úL�ID �GH�DQXO�SUHFHGHQW� 4. dinamica PIB�UHDO�vQ�ILHFDUH�DQ�ID �GH�DQXO�SUHFHGHQW� 5. dinamica PIB�UHDO�úL�UDWD�LQIOD LHL�ID �GH������
Rezolvare 1. Pentru a calcula deflatorul PIB�HVWH�QHFHVDU�V �VH�FDOFXOH]H�PDL�vQWkL�LQGLFLL�PIB nominal
�FX�ED] �IL[ �������
00 PIB
PIBI tPIB
t = , unde 9,0=t
De exemplu:
5689,29,857
9,2203
0
10/1 ===
PIB
PIBI PIB sau 256,89%
Rezultatele calculelor sunt prezentate în tabelul 8.2., coloana 3. Deflatorul PIB��ILLQG�XQ�LQGLFH�DO�SUH XULORU�vQ�VLVWHP�3DDVFKH��VH�SRDWH�FDOFXOD�FD�UDSRUW�
între dinamica PIB�QRPLQDO��LQGLFHOH�YDORULL��úL�GLQDPLFD�PIB real (indicele volumului fizic):
*
0/
0/
0
00 PIB
t
PIBt
qt
vt
tI
I
I
ID ==
De exemplu:
9494,2871,0
5689,201 ==D sau 294,94%
Rezultatele calculelor sunt prezentate în tabelul 8.2., coloana 4. Pentru a calcula deflatorul PIB�vQ�ILHFDUH�DQ�ID �GH�DQXO�SUHFHGHQW�VH�FDOFXOHD] � • indicii PIB�QRPLQDO�vQ�ILHFDUH�DQ�ID �GH�DQXO�SUHFHGHQW
11
−− =
t
tPIBtt PIB
PIBI ,
rezultatele calculelor fiind prezentate în tabelul 8.2., coloana 5.
• indicii PIB�UHDO�vQ�ILHFDUH�DQ�ID �GH�DQXO�SUHFHGHQW�SULQ�UHOD LD�GH�WUHFHUH�GH�OD�ED] �IL[ �OD�ED] �vQ�ODQ �
*
*
*
01
01 PIB
t
PIBtPIB
ttI
II
−− =
Rezultatele calculelor sunt prezentate în tabelul 8.2., coloana 6. Deflatorul PIB�vQ�ILHFDUH�DQ�ID �GH�DQXO�SUHFHGHQW�
*
1
11 PIB
tt
PIBtt
ttI
ID
−
−− =
Rezultatele calculelor sunt prezentate în tabelul 8.2., coloana 7.
2. 5DWD�LQIOD LHL�
• ID �GH�����
( ) %100%00 −= tt DIR (vezi tabelul 8.2., coloana 8)
• ID �GH�DQXO�SUHFHGHQW
( ) %100%11 −= −− tttt DIR (vezi tabelul 8.2., coloana 9)
3. PIB�UHDO�VH�FDOFXOHD] �FD�UDSRUW�vQWUH�PIB�QRPLQDO�úL�GHIODWRUXO�PIB astfel:
• vQ�ILHFDUH�DQ�ID �GH�����
0
*
t
t
D
PIBPIB = (vezi tabelul 8.2., coloana 10)
• vQ�ILHFDUH�DQ�ID �GH�DQXO�SUHFHGHQW
1
*
−=
tt
t
D
PIBPIB (vezi tabelul 8.2., coloana 11)
4. Dinamica PIB�UHDO�vQ�ILHFDUH�DQ�ID �GH�DQXO�SUHFHGHQW�VH�FDOFXOHD] �DVWIHO�
1
**
−=
t
tPIB
PIB
PIBI
5H]XOWDWHOH�FDOFXOHORU�VXQW�LGHQWLFH�FX�UH]XOWDWHOH�GLQ�WDEHOXO�������FRORDQD����GDU�VH�RIHU �
un alt mod de calcul.
5. Dinamica PIB�UHDO�ID �GH������� 4=t ):
*
*
*
01
0
4 PIBt
PIBtPIB
tI
II
−
= , unde 9,5=t
Prin urmare:
0716,18,83
8,89*
*
*
45
04
05===
PIB
PIB
PIB
I
II sau 107,16%
1145,18,83
4,93*
*
*
46
04
06===
PIB
PIB
PIB
I
II sau 111,45%
0465,18,83
7,87*
*
*
47
04
07===
PIB
PIB
PIB
I
II sau 104,65%
9964,08,83
5,83*
*
*
48
04
08===
PIB
PIB
PIB
I
II sau 99,64%
9737,08,83
6,81*
*
*
48
04
09===
PIB
PIB
PIB
I
II sau 97,37%
5DWD�LQIOD LHL�FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH�ILHF UXL�LQGLFH�VH�FDOFXOHD] �VF ]kQG������GLQ�YDORDUHD�
DFHVWXLD�H[SULPDW �SURFHQWXDO�
%100*
(%)44/ −= PIBtt IRI , unde 9,5=t ,
astfel:
%16,745 +=IR
%45,1146 +=IR
%65,447 +=IR
%36,048 −=IR
%63,249 −=IR
2. 6H� FXQRVF� XUP WRULL� LQGLFDWRUL� SHQWUX� HFRQRPLD� 5RPkQLHL� SHQWUX� DQLL� ����� úL� �����
�PLOLDUGH�OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH��
Tabelul 8.3.
Indicator 1994 1996 0 1 2
1. Consumul final 38452,4 89939,4 ���&RQVXPXO�ILQDO�DO�SRSXOD LHL 31442,0 75288,8 ���&RQVXPXO�ILQDO�DO�DGPLQLVWUD LHL�SXEOLFH 6851,8 14273,9 ���&RQVXPXO�ILQDO�DO�DGPLQLVWUD LHL�SULYDWH 158,6 376,7 ���)RUPDUHD�EUXW �GH�FDSLWDO�IL[ 10095,7 24998,5 6. Modificarea stocurilor 2252,6 3161,4 7. Export net -1027,5 -9179,7 6. Export 12394,2 30651,1 7. Import 13421,7 39830,8 ���0RGLILFDUHD�SUH XULORU�ID �GH����������OD� • Consumul final • )RUPDUHD�EUXW �GH�FDSLWDO�IL[ • Modificarea stocurilor • Export • Import
+97,36 +119,12 -16,6
+88,13 +84,41
Sursa: Anuarul Statistic al României, anul 1998, pag. 343, 347, 536
Se cere:
1. PIB�QRPLQDO�vQ�FHOH�GRX �SHULRDGH� 2. PIB�UHDO�vQ������ID �GH������ 3. Dinamica PIB real; 4. Deflatorul PIB�úL�UDWD�LQIOD LHL�vQ������ID �GH������ 5. Structura PIB��GXS �PHWRGD�FKHOWXLHOLORU��vQ�FHOH�GRX �SHULRDGH�úL�DQDOL]D�PXWD LLORU�
structurale.
Rezolvare
1. PIB nominal vQ�FHOH�GRX �SHULRDGH�VH�DIO �IRORVLQG�PHWRGD�FKHOWXLHOLORU�
PIB = CF + FBCF + S + EXN PIB0 = 38452,4 + 10095,7 + 2252,6 - 1027,5 = 49773,2 mld. lei PIB1 = 89939,4 + 24998,5 + 3161,4 - 9179,7 = 108919,6 mld. lei
2. 3,%�UHDO�vQ������ID �GH������VH�FDOFXOHD] �FRQIRUP�UHOD LHL�
PIB* = CF* + FBCF* + S* + EXP* - IMP* ,
unde:
mld.lei09,45585973,1
4,899391* ===p
CFI
CFCF
mld.lei63,11409191,2
5,249981* ===pFBCFI
FBCFFBCF
mld.lei64,3790834,0
4,31611* ==∆
=∆∆pSI
SS
mld.lei51,162928813,1
1,306511* ===pEXPI
EXPEXP
mld.lei04,215998441,1
8,398301* ===pIMPI
IMPIMP
mld.lei83,55478
04,2159951,1629264,379063,1140909,45585*1
=
=−+++=PIB
3. Dinamica PIB real
1146,12,49773
83,55478
0
*1*
===PIB
PIBI PIB sau 111,46%
PIB�UHDO�D�FUHVFXW�vQ������FX��������ID �GH������
4. Deflatorul PIB�VH�FDOFXOHD] �FD�UDSRUW�vQWUH�PIB�QRPLQDO�úL�PIB real din 1996:
9633,183,55478
6,108919*1
1 ===PIB
PIBD sau 196,33%
5DWD�LQIOD LHL�
%33,96%100%33,196%100(%) +=−=−= DRI
3. 6H�FXQRVF�GDWHOH��PLOLDUGH�OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH��
Tabelul 8.4.
Indicator 1994 1997 0 1 2
���5HPXQHUDUHD�VDODULD LORU 22250 82000 2. Amortizarea capitalului fix 4870 20400 ���)RUPDUHD�EUXW �GH�FDSital fix 12200 53000 4. Excedentul brut de exploatare 19750 122500 ���,PSR]LWH�OHJDWH�GH�SURGXF LH�úL�LPSRUW 10300 55500 ���6XEYHQ LL�GH�H[SORDWDUH 2600 10000 ���5DWD�LQIOD LHL���� - 385
Se cere: 1. PIB�QRPLQDO�vQ�FHOH�GRX �SHULRDGH� 2. PIB real; 3. Dinamica PIB�UHDO�vQ�SHULRDGD�FXUHQW �ID �GH������
Rezolvare
1. Pentru calculul PIB nominal�VH�IRORVHúWH�PHWRGD�YHQLWXULORU�
PIB = RS + EBE + IPRI – SE PIB0 = 22250 + 19750 + 10300 – 2600 = 49700 mld. lei PIB1 = 82000 + 122500 + 55500 – 10000 = 250000 mld. lei
2. Produsul intern brut real (PIB*)
490000*0 == PIBPIB mld. lei
39,5154685,4
250000
100
100385
250000
100
10011*
1 ==+
=+
==RI
PIB
D
PIBPIB mld.lei
3. Dinamica PIB real
0371,149700
39,51546*0
*1*
===PIB
PIBI PIB sau 103,71%
PIB�UHDO�D�FUHVFXW�FX�������vQ������ID �GH������
4. Se cunosc datele (miliaUGH�OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH��
Tabelul 8.5.
Indicator Perioada GH�ED]
Perioada FXUHQW
0 1 2 ���9HQLWXO�QD LRQDO 38000 182000 2. Amortizarea capitalului fix 5800 20400 3. Impozite indirecte nete 5000 12000 4. Excedentul net de exploatare 22500 82000 5. Soldul veniturilor factorilor în raport cu VWU LQ WDWHD
-900 -35600
6. Exportul net -1000 -17000 7. Soldul transferurilor curente în raport cu VWU LQ WDWHD
+1400 +2000
Se cere: 1. PIB�QRPLQDO�vQ�FHOH�GRX �SHULRDGH� 2. PIN�OD�SUH XULOH�SLH HL�úL�PIN�OD�SUH XO�IDFWRULORU��SUH XULOH�GH�ED] �� 3. UHPXQHUDUHD�VDODULD LORU� 4. YHQLWXO�QD LRQDO�GLVSRQLELO�
Rezolvare
1. PIB = VN + IIN +A – SVFS, unde IIN –�LPSR]LWH�OHJDWH�GH�SURGXF LH�úL�LPSRUW�PLQXV�VXEYHQ LL�GH�H[SORDWDUH�
PIB0 = 38000 + 5000 + 5800 - (-900) = 49700 mld. lei PIB1 = 182000 + 12000 + 20400 – (-35600) = 250000 mld. lei
2. PINpp = PIB – A
PIN0,pp= 49700 – 5800 = 43900 mld. lei PIN1,pp = 250000 – 20400 = 229600 mld. lei
PINpf = PINpp – IIN
PIN0,pf = 43900 – 5000 = 38900 mld. lei PIN1,pf = 229600 – 12000 = 217600 mld. lei
3. 5HPXQHUDUHD�VDODULD LORU��56�
PIB = RS + ENE + A + IIN, unde ENE – excedentul net de exploatare, de unde: RS = PIB – ENE – A – IIN
RS0 = 49700 – 22500 – 5800 - 5000 = 16400 mld. lei RS1 = 250000 – 82000 – 20400 – 12000 = 135600 mld.lei
4. Venitul na LRQDO�GLVSRQLELO��91'�
VND = VN + STCS
VND0 = 38000 + 1400 = 39400 mld. lei VND1 = 182000 + 2000 = 184000 mld. lei
5. 6H�FXQRVF�XUP WRDUHOH�GDWH�
Tabelul 8.6.
Ramura Productivitatea muncii
�PLL�OHL�SHUVRDQ � 6WUXFWXUD�SRSXOD LHL�
ocupate (%) 1994 1996 1994 1996 0 1 2 3 4
,QGXVWULH���FRQVWUXF LL 6042,5 7447,25 35,09 33,93 $JULFXOWXU ���VLOYLFXOWXU 2726,6 3020,36 36,19 34,89 Alte ramuri 5134,5 5861,87 28,72 31,18 Total 100,0 100,0
Se cere:
1. GLQDPLFD�SURGXFWLYLW LL�PXQFLL�SH�ILHFDUH�UDPXU � 2. SURGXFWLYLWDWHD�PHGLH�D�PXQFLL�OD�QLYHOXO�vQWUHJLL�HFRQRPLL�vQ�FHOH�GRX �SHULRDGH� 3. LQGLFLL�GH�JUXS�DL�SURGXFWLYLW LL�PHGLL�D�PXQFLL�FX�VWUXFWXU �YDULDELO ��FX�VWUXFWXU �IL[ �úL�
DO�YDULD LHL�VWUXFWXULL� 4. V �VH�GHWHUPLQH�FRQWULEX LD�ILHF UXL�IDFWRU�OD�PRGLILFDUHD�DEVROXW �D�SURGXFWLYLW LL��PHGLL�
a muncii pe întreaga economie.
Rezolvare
1. 'LQDPLFD�SURGXFWLYLW LL�PXQFLL�SHQWUX�UDPXUD�i: 0
1
i
iW
W
WI i =
(vezi tabelul 8.7., coloana 1)
Tabelul 8.7.
Ramura 'LQDPLFD�SURGXFWLYLW LL�
muncii 0 1
,QGXVWULH���FRQVWUXF LL 1,2325 $JULFXOWXU ���VLOYLFXOWXU 1,1077 Alte ramuri 1,1417 Total
2. 3URGXFWLYLWDWHD� PHGLH� OD� QLYHOXO� vQWUHJLL� HFRQRPLL� VH� FDOFXOHD] � FD� PHGLH� DULWPHWLF �
SRQGHUDW � D� SURGXFWLYLW LORU� SH� UDPXUL� IRORVLQG� GUHSW� SRQGHUH� VWUXFWXUD� SRSXOD LHL�ocupare pe ramuri:
=⋅+⋅+⋅=⋅
=∑
=
100
72,285,513419,366,272609,355,6042
100
3
1(%)00
0i
POii gW
W
69,4581= PLL�OHL�SHUVRDQ
=++=⋅
=∑
=
100
18,31.586189,34.36,302093,33.25,7447
100
3
1(%)11
1i
POii gW
W mii lei
38,5408= PLL�OHL�SHUVRDQ
3. 3HQWUX� FDOFXODUHD� LQGLFLORU� GH� JUXS� HVWH� QHFHVDU � GHWHUPLQDUHD�� vQ� SUHDODELO�� D�SURGXFWLYLW LL�PHGLL�XWLOL]kQG�SURGXFWLYLW LOH�SDU LDOH�GLQ�SHULRDGD�GH�ED] �SRQGHUDWH�FX�VWUXFWXUD�SRSXOD LHL�RFXSDWH�GLQ�SHULRDGD�FXUHQW �
=⋅+⋅+⋅=⋅
=∑
=
100
18,315,513489,346,272693,335,6042
100
3
1(%)10
*i
POii gW
W
46,4602= PLL�OHL�SHUVRDQ �
Calculul indicilor de grup:
1804,169,4581
38,5408
0
1),( ====W
WII
POgWWSV sau 118,04%
0045,169,4581
46,4602
0
*)( ====W
WII
POgWVS sau 100,45%
1751,146,4602
38,5408
*
1)( ====W
WII WW
SF sau 117,51%
4. 0RGLILF ULOH�DEVROXWH�VH�RE LQ�VF ]kQG�QXPLWRUXO�GLQ�QXP U WRU�SHQWUX�ILHFDUH�LQGLFH�
astfel:
69,82669,458138,540801),( =−=−=∆ WW
POgWW mii lei
77,2069,458146,46020*)( =−=−=∆ WW
POW mii lei
92,80546,460238,5408*1)( =−=−=∆ WWWW mii lei
0RGLILF ULOH�DEVROXWH�YHULILF �UHOD LD�GH�VLVWHP�
69,82692,80577,20)()(),( =−=∆+∆=∆ WWgWgWW POPO
mii lei
3H�ED]D�DFHVWHL�UHOD LL�VH�SRDWH�GHWHUPLQD�FRQWULEX LD�UHODWLY �D�ILHF UXL�IDFWRU�OD�PRGLILFDUHD�SURGXFWLYLW LL�PHGLL�D�PXQFLL��SH�Wotal:
0258,069,826
77,20),(
)()(
==∆
∆=∆PO
POPOgW
gWW
gW
K sau 2,58%
9742,069,826
92,805),(
)()(
==∆
∆=∆PO
WW
gWW
WW
K sau 97,42%
5H]XOW �F ��SH�WRWDO�HFRQRPLH��PRGLILFDUHD�DEVROXW �D�SURGXFWLYLW LL�PXQFLL�VH�GDWRUHD] �DSURDSH� vQ� WRWDOLWDWH� FUHúWHULL� SURGXFWLYLW LL� PXQFLL� OD� QLYHOXO� UDPXULORU� �������), LQIOXHQ D� PRGLILF ULL� VWUXFWXULL� SRSXOD LHL� RFXSDWH� SH� UDPXUL� ILLQG� QHVHPQLILFDWLY �(2,58%).
6. 6H�FXQRVF�XUP WRDUHOH�GDWH�
Tabelul 8.8.
Indicator 1996 1997 0 1 2
1. Salariul mediu net (lei) 321169 632086 2. Structura cheltuielilor de consum (%):
• 0 UIXUL�DOLPHQWDUH • 0 UIXUL�QHDOLPHQWDUH • Servicii
56,4 28,5 15,1
58,10 25,50 16,40
���0RGLILFDUHD�SUH XULORU�ID �GH����������OD� • 0 UIXUL�DOLPHQWDUH • 0 UIXUL�QHDOLPHQWDUH • Servicii
+151,36 +152,52 +176,47
Sursa: Anuarul Statistic al României, anul 1998, pag. 168, 184
Se cere: 1. LQGLFHOH�SUH XULORU�GH�FRQVXP� 2. salariul real; 3. dinamica salariului real; 4. UDWD�LQIOD LHL�vQ�GRPHQLXO�FRQVXPXOXL�
Rezolvare
1. ,QGLFHOH�SUH XULORU�GH�FRQVXP
100
(%)0∑=
Cp gIIPC
Se cunosc datele privind structura cheltXLHOLORU� vQ� SHULRDGD� GH� ED] � � Cg (%)0 �� úL�
PRGLILFDUHD�SUH XULORU�úL�WDULIHORU�(Rp = IP(%) - 100). Deci,
100
100+=p
p RI , de unde:
5548,2100
1,157647,25,285252,24,565136,2
100(%)0 =⋅+⋅+⋅== ∑ Cp gI
IPC
2. Salariul real (SR)
IPC
SNSR =
32116900 == SNSR lei/salariat
14,2474115548,2
63208611 ===
IPC
SNSR lei/salariat
3. Dinamica salariului real
7703,0321169
14,247411
0
1 ===SR
SRI SR sau 77,03%
'HFL��SXWHUHD�GH�FXPS UDUH�D�VDODULXOXL�PHGLX�QRPLQDO�QHW�D�VF ]XW�vQ������ID �GH������FX���������FHHD�FH�vQVHDPQ �F �VDODULLOH�DX�FUHVFXW�PDL�SX LQ�GHFkW�SUH XULOH�GH�FRQVXP��'DF � SUH XULOH� DX� FUHVFXW� FX� ��������� VDODULXO� QRPLQDO� QHW� D� FUHVFXW� FX� ������
−100100.
321169
632086.
7. 6H�FXQRVF�XUP WRDUHOH�GDWHOH�
Tabelul 8.9.
Indicatori 1996 1997 0 1 2
3,%��POG��OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH� 108391 249750 Rata consumului final (%) 83,69 85,50 5DWD�LQYHVWL LLORU�EUXWH���� 23,13 19,20 9DULD LD�VWRFXULORU�PDWHULDOH��POG�OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH�
1695
5744
Indicii volumului fizic (%) pentru : - consumul final -�IRUPDUHD�EUXW �GH�FDSLWDO - export net
100 100 100
93,69 85,60 72,91
Sursa: calcule pe baza Anuarului Statistic al României, anul 1997; date CNS pentru anul 1997
Se cere:
1. exportul net în cei doi ani; 2. PIB real; 3. GLQDPLFD�QRPLQDO �úL�UHDO �D�PIB; 4. deflatorul PIB�úL�UDWD�LQIOD LHL�
Rezolvare:
1. PURGXVXO�LQWHUQ�EUXW�GXS �PHWRGD�XWLOL] ULL� ILQDOH�VH�GHWHUPLQ �FD�VXP �D�XUP WRDUHORU�HOHPHQWH��FRQVXP�ILQDO�DO�SRSXOD LHL�úL�DGPLQLVWUD LHL��CF���IRUPDUHD�EUXW �GH�FDSLWDO�IL[�(FBCF���YDULD LD�VWRFXULORU�� S∆ ��úL�H[SRUW�QHW��EXN).
• Rata consumului final este:
100100
PIBRCFCF
PIB
CFRCF
⋅=⇒⋅=
CF96= 0,8369⋅������� �������POG��OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH CF97= 0,855⋅������� ��������POG��OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH
• 5DWD�LQYHVWL LLORU�EUXWH��RIB) este:
100100
PIBRIBFBCF
PIB
FBCFRIB
⋅=⇒⋅=
FBCF96= 0,2313⋅108391 = 25076 mld. lei pUH XUL�FXUHQWH FBCF97= 0,192⋅������� �������POG��OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH
([SRUWXO�QHW��POG��OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH��
⇒+∆++= EXNSFBCFCFPIB
⇒ EXN = PIB-CF-FBCF- ∆ S EXN96= 108391 – 90711- 25076-1695 = -9091 EXN97=249750 – 213536 – 47952 – 5744 = -17482
2. PIB real�VH�GHWHUPLQ �vQ�DFHVW�FD]�FD�VXP �D�FRPSRQHQWHORU�VDOH�GHIOD LRQDWH�FX�DMXWRUXO�
LQGLFLORU� GH� SUH XUL� FRUHVSXQ] WRUL�� ,QGLFLL� SUH XULORU� FRPSRQHQWHORU� Cj ale PIB se
FDOFXOHD] �SRUQLQG�GH�OD�UHOD LD�qC
vCp
Cp
CqC
vC
j
j
jjjj I
IIIII =⇒⋅= ,
unde:
vC j
I - indicele valorii nominale a componentei j; qC j
I - indicele volumului fizic a componentei j;
pC j
I - LQGLFHOH�SUH XULORU�FRPSRQHQWHL�j.
&RQIRUP�UHOD LHL�DQWHULRDUH��LQGLFLL�GH�SUH XUL�SHQWUX�FRQVXPXO�ILQDO�CF��IRUPDUHD�EUXW �de capital FBC� �FD� VXP � vQWUH� IRUPDUHD� EUXW � GH� FDSLWDO� IL[� úL� YDULD LD� VWRFXULORU�� úL�exportul net EXN sunt:
513,29369,0
90711
213536
==pCFI
343,2856,0
169525076
574447952
=++
=pFBCI
637,27291,0
9091
17482
=−−
=pEXNI
PIB real (PIB *) sH�GHWHUPLQ �FX�UHOD LD�
∑∑ ==j
pc
j
jj
jI
CCPIB ** ,
unde: *jC - componenta j�GHIOD LRQDW
10839196*96 == PIBPIB �POG��OHL�SUH XUL�����
=−+=++=637,2
17482
343,2
53696
513,2
213536*97 p
EXNpFBC
pCF I
EXN
I
FBC
I
CFPIB
��������POG��OHL�SUH XUL����� 3. 'LQDPLFD�QRPLQDO �D�3,%:
3042,2108391
249750
96
97 ===PIB
PIBI PIB sau 230,42%
'LQDPLFD�UHDO �D�3,%:
9342,0108391
101261*96
*97
• ===PIB
PIBI
PIB sau 93,42%
&X� WRDWH� F � PIB nominal a crescut cu 130,42%, dinamica PIB� H[SULPDW� vQ� SUH XUL�FRQVWDQWH�DUDW �F �vQ�UHDOLWDWH�V-a înregistrat o reducere cu 6,58% a PIB��'LIHUHQ D�GLQWUH�FHOH�GRX �GLQDPLFL�HVWH�H[SOLFDW �SULQ�FUHúWHUHD�SUH XULORU�
4. Deflatorul PIB –�HVWH�XQ�LQGLFH�VLQWHWLF�DO�SUH XULORU�FRPSRQHQWHORU�PIB�úL�VH�RE LQH�FD�
raport între PIB real (PIB*��úL�QRPLQDO��PIB):
*PIB
PIBD =
Pentru anul 1997, deflatorul PIB este:
467,2101261
249750D ==
5DWD�LQIOD LHL (RI):
%7,146%100%7,246%100% +=−=−= DRI
8. 6H�FXQRVF�XUP WRDUHOH�GDWH�
Tabelul 8.10.
Indicatori 1996 1997 0 1 2
Venitul disponibil brut*��POG��OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH� 110890 253746 (FRQRPLD�EUXW *��POG��OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH� 20179 40210 )RUPDUHD�EUXW �GH�FDSLWDO�IL[��POG��OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH� 25076 47952 9DULD LD�VWRFXULORU��POG��OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH� 1695 5744 ([SRUW�QHW��POG��OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH� - 9091 - 17482 ,PSR]LWH�SH�SURGXV��POG��OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH� 7900 18981 6XEYHQ LL��POG��OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH� 1849 2498 7D[H�YDPDOH��POG��OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH� 1853 3497 6WUXFWXUD�YDORULL�DG XJDWH�EUXWH����� ��DJULFXOWXU �úL�VLOYLFXOWXU • industrie ��FRQVWUXF LL • alte ramuri
….
100 20,43 38,70 5,87
35,00 ,QGLFLL�GH�SUH XUL�DL�9$% (%) în: ��DJULFXOWXU �úL�VLOYLFXOWXU • industrie ��FRQVWUXF LL • alte ramuri
100 100 100 100
224,1 252,5 231,0 256,1
Sursa: Anuarul Statistic al României, anul 1997; date CNS pentru anul 1997.
Se cere:
1. PIB�OD�SUH XULOH�SLH HL� 2. YDORDUHD�DG XJDW �EUXW � 3. PIB�UHDO�OD�SUH XULOH�IDFWRULORU� 4. UDWD�LQIOD LHL�
Rezolvare
1. 3,%�OD�SUH XULOH�SLH HL�VH�SRDWH�GHWHUPLQD�SULQ�PHWRGD�FKHOWXLHOLORU��FRQIRUP�UHOD LHL�
EXNTVSFBCFCFPIBpp ++∆++= ,
unde: CF - FRQVXPXO�ILQDO��DO�SRSXOD LHL�úL�DGPLQLVWUD iei); FBCF - IRUPDUHD�EUXW �GH�FDSLWDO�IL[�
S∆ - YDULD LD�VWRFXULORU� TV - taxe vamale; EXN - export net (export minus import).
Consumul final poate fi calculat ca diferHQ � vQWUH� YHQLWXO� GLVSRQLELO� EUXW� �VDB�� úL�HFRQRPLD�EUXW ��EB):
CF = VDB – EB
CF96 = 110890 –������� �������POG��OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH
CF97 = 253746 –������� ��������POG��OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH
PIB�OD�SUH XULOH�SLH HL��POG��OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH��
PIB96 = 90711 + 25076 + 1695 – 9091 = 108391 mld. lei PIB97 = 213536 + 47952 + 5744 – 17482 = 249750 mld. lei
2. 9DORDUHD� DG XJDW � EUXW � SH� DQVDPEOXO� HFRQRPLHL� VH� GHWHUPLQ � VF ]kQG� GLQ� PIB,
impozitele indirecte nete (impozite pe produs IP� PLQXV� VXEYHQ LL� S plus taxe vamale TV):
Σ VABi = PIB – (IP - S + TV) Σ VAB96 = 108391 – (7900 -�������������� ��������POG��OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH Σ VAB97 = 249750 – (18981 -�������������� ��������POG��OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH
3. 3,%�UHDO�OD�SUH XULOH�IDFWRULORU�VH�GHWHUPLQ �vQVXPkQG�YDORDUHD�DG XJDW �EUXW �SH�UDPXUL�
DOH�HFRQRPLHL��GHIOD LRQDW �FX�LQGLFLL�FRUHVSXQ] WRUL�GH�SUH XUL�
,1**
÷Σ=Σ=Σ=
∑ pii
ipfp
i
iipf
IVAB
VABPIB
I
VABVABPIB
unde:
∑ i
i
VAB
VAB - ponderea VAB din ramura i în total;
piI - LQGLFHOH�GH�SUH XUL�DO�VAB din ramura i;
*96PIB = PIB96 ��������POG��OHL�SUH XUL�����
4,934031,256
35
231
87,5
5,252
70,38
1,224
43,20229770*
97 =
+++⋅=PIB �POG��OHL�SUH XUL������
4. 5DWD�LQIOD LHL (RI) se poate calcula pe baza deflatorului PIB (D���FRQIRUP�UHOD LHL�
RI = D% - 100%
Deflatorul PIB:
45997,24,93403
229770*97
9797 ===
PIB
PIBD sau 245,997%
5DWD�LQIOD LHL�vQ�DQXO������HVWH�
RI97 = 245,997% – 100% = +145,997%.
9. 6H�FXQRVF�XUP WRDUHOH�GDWH�SULYLQG�YHQLWXULOH�úL�FRQVXPXO�IDPLOLLORU�GH�VDODULD L�
Tabelul 8.11.
Indicatori UM 1995 1996
0 1 2 3
&RQVXPXO�OXQDU�DO�IDPLOLLORU�GH�VDODULD L��SUH XUL�
curente) OHL�JRVSRG ULH 518790 759958
Structura cheltuielilor de consum ale familiilor de
VDODULD L�
• P UIXUL�DOLPHQWDUH�úL�E XWXUL
• vPEU F PLQWH�úL�vQF O PLQWH
• ORFXLQ �úL��vQ]HVWUDUHD�FX�EXQXUL
• PHGLFDPHQWH�úL�VHUYLFLL�PHGLFDOH
• WUDQVSRUW�úL�FRPXQLFD LL
• vQY PkQW��FXOWXU
• alte cheltuieli
%
56,1
11,8
15,0
1,2
7,1
4,5
4,3
56,4
11,3
15,7
1,5
6,3
4,1
4,7
,QGLFLL�SUH XULORU�GH�FRQVXP�SH�JUXSH�GH�P UIXUL�
(1995=100)
• P UIXUL�DOLPHQWDUH�úL�E XWXUL
• vPEU F PLQWH�úL�vQF O PLQWH
• ORFXLQ �úL��vQ]HVWUDUHD�FX�bunuri
• PHGLFDPHQWH�úL�VHUYLFLL�PHGLFDOH
• WUDQVSRUW�úL�FRPXQLFD LL
• vQY PkQW��FXOWXU
• alte cheltuieli
%
138,7
132,0
138,5
136,4
151
141,1
135,5
Fond lunar de salarii mld. lei
SUH XUL�FXUHQWH
1302,058 1907,423
1XP U�PHGLX�GH�VDODULD L mii persoane 6160 5939 Sursa: Anuarul Statistic al României, anul 1997, p.190-191, 196, 412.
Se cere:
1. LQGLFHOH�SUH XULORU�GH�FRQVXP� 2. VDODULXO�QRPLQDO�úL�UHDO��GLQDPLFD�DFHVWRUD� 3. FRQWULEX LD�IDFWRULORU�OD�PRGLILFDUHD�DEVROXW �D�IRQGXOXL�UHDO�GH�VDODULL� 4. indicele puterii dH�FXPS UDUH�D�EDQLORU� 5. GLQDPLFD�QRPLQDO �úL�UHDO �D�FRQVXPXOXL�IDPLOLLORU�GH�VDODULD L�
Rezolvare
1. ,QGLFHOH� SUH XULORU� GH� FRQVXP (IPC�� VH� FDOFXOHD] � FD� PHGLH� DULWPHWLF � SRQGHUDW � D�
LQGLFLORU� LQGLYLGXDOL� GH� SUH XUL� SH� JUXSH� GH� P UIXUL�� IRORVLQG� FD� SRQGHUH� structura FKHOWXLHOLORU�GH�FRQVXP�GLQ�SHULRDGD�GH�ED] �
100
(%)0∑ ⋅= j
Cj
pj gI
IPC ,
unde: pjI -�LQGLFHOH�SUH XULORU�SHQWUX�JUXSD�j; C
jg (%)0 - Structura cheltuielilor de consum pentru grupei j (anul 1995).
ÌQ�FHOH�FH�XUPHD] �YRP�QRWD�FX�³�³�SHULRDGD�GH�ED] ��DQXO�������úL�FX�³�³SHULRDGD�GH�FXUHQW ��DQXO�������
IPC0= 100% IPC1= (138,7 ⋅ 56,1 + 132 ⋅ 11,8 + 138,5 ⋅ 15 + 136,4 ⋅ 1,2 + 151 ⋅ 7,1 +
+ 141,1 ⋅ 4,5 + 135,5 ⋅ 4,3) = 139%
2. Salariul mediu nominal – se poate calcula ca raporW�vQWUH�IRQGXO�PHGLX�OXQDU�GH�VDODULL�úL�QXP UXO�GH�VDODULD L��6H�H[SULP �vQ�SUH XULOH�FXUHQWH�DOH�ILHF UXL�DQ�
T
FSSN = ,
unde: SN - salariul nominal; FS - fondul de salarii; T - QXP U�GH�VDODULD L�
Salariul nominal mediu pe economie în �����úL������D�IRVW�
211373106160
10058,13023
9
0 =⋅
⋅=SN lei / salariat
321169105939
10423,19073
9
1 =⋅
⋅=SN lei / salariat
Dinamica salariului nominal în perioada 1995 - 1996 a fost:
%94,151100211373
321169100
0
1 =⋅=⋅=SN
SNI SN
Salariul real (SR) -� H[SULP �SXWHUHD�GH�FXPS UDUH�D�VDODULXOXL�QRPLQDO� úL� VH�RE LQH�FD�UDSRUW�vQWUH�VDODULXO�QRPLQDO�úL�IPC:
IPC
SNSR =
SR0 = SN0
23105739,1
321169
1
11 ===
IPC
SNSR lei / salariat
Dinamica salariului real�vQ������ID �GH������
%3,109100213373
231057100
0
1 =⋅=⋅=SR
SRISR
'HúL�VDODULXO�QRPLQDO�D�FUHVFXW�FX��������QLYHOXO�ULGLFDW�DO�LQIOD LHL�D�SHUPLV�XQ�VSRU�GH�numai 9,3% al salariului real.
3. Fondul real de salarii��vQ�SUH XUL�FRQVWDQWH�������–�VH�RE LQH�vPS U LQG�IRQGXO�QRPLQDO�GH�VDODULL�OD�LQGLFHOH�SUH XULORU�GH�FRQVXP�
leimild.247,137239,1
423,19071*1 ===
IPC
FSFS
Pentru anul 1996, fondul nominal de salarii este egal cu fondul real de salarii:
FS•0 = FS0 = 1302,058 mild. lei
0RGLILFDUHD�DEVROXW �D�IRQGXOXL�UHDO�GH�VDODULL:
leimld.189,70058,1302247,1372*0
*1
* =−=−=∆ FSFSFS
)RQGXO�UHDO�GH�VDODULL�GHSLQGH�GH�VDODULXO�UHDO�úL�GH�QXP UXO�GH�VDODULD L�
TSRIPC
TSNFS ⋅=⋅=*
,QIOXHQ D�FUHúWHULL�VDODULXOXL�UHDO�DVXSUD�PRGLILF ULL�IRQGXOXL�UHDO�GH�VDODULL�
leimld903,116leimii116909270
5939)211373231057()()( 101•
≅==⋅−=⋅−=∆ TSRSRSRFS
,QIOXHQ D�UHGXFHULL�QXP UXOXL�VDODULD LORU:
leimld.713,46
leimii433,46713211373)61605939()()( 001*
−≅≅−=⋅−=⋅−=∆ SRTTTFS
Verificare: 70,189 ≈ 116,903 – 46,713
4. ,QGLFHOH�SXWHULL�GH�FXPS UDUH�D�EDQLORU (IPCB):
%9,71sau719,039,1
1
1
==
=
IPCB
IPCIPCB
5H]XOW � F � vQ� DQXO� ����� SXWHUHD� GH� FXPS UDUH� D� EDQLORU� UHSUH]LQW � QXPDL� ������ GLQ�QLYHOXO�DQXOXL�������5HGXFHUHD�SXWHULL�GH�FXPS UDUH�D�IRVW�GH�������
5. 'LQDPLFD�QRPLQDO �D�FRQVXPXOXL�OXQDU�DO�IDPLOLLORU�GH�VDODULD L�D�IRVW�
1000
1 ⋅=CN
CNI CN ,
unde: CN1� úL� CN0 –� FRQVXPXO� QRPLQDO� OXQDU� �H[SULPDW� vQ� SUH XUL� FXUHQWH�� DO� IDPLOLLORU� GH�
VDODULD L
%49,146100518790
759958 =⋅=CNI
&RQVXPXO� QRPLQDO� OXQDU� DO� IDPLOLLORU� GH� VDODULD L� D� FUHVFXW� FX� �������� 2� SDUWH� GLQ�DFHDVW �FUHúWHUH�HVWH�GDWRUDW �LQIOD LHL��3HQWUX�D�GHWHUPLQD�GLQDPLFD�UHDO �D�FRQVXPXOXL��vom calcula în prealabil consumul lunar real (CR��� FX� DMXWRUXO� LQGLFHOXL� SUH XULORU� GH�consum:
IPC
CNCR =
51879000 == CNCR OHL���JRVSRG ULH
54673239,1
7599581 ==CR OHL���JRVSRG ULH
'LQDPLFD�UHDO �a consumului�OXQDU�DO�IDPLOLLORU�GH�VDODULD L�D�IRVW�
%39,105100518790
546732100
0
1 =⋅=⋅=CR
CRI CR
'HúL�YDORDUHD�FRQVXPXOXL�D�FUHVFXW�FX���������DFHDVW �GLQDPLF �VH�GDWRUHD] �vQ�FHD�PDL�PDUH�SDUWH�FUHúWHULL�SUH XULORU�OD�EXQXULOH�úL�VHUYLFLLOH�FDUH�LQWU �vQ�FRQVXPXO�IDPLOLLORU�de VDODULD L��&UHúWHUHD� UHDO � �D� FDQWLW LL� GH� EXQXUL� úL� VHUYLFLL� FRQVXPDWH�� D� IRVW�PXOW�PDL�PRGHVW �������� PROBLEME PROPUSE
1. 6H� FXQRVF� XUP WRULL� LQGLFDWRUL� SHQWUX� HFRQRPLD� 5RPkQLHL� SHQWUX� DQLL� ����� úL� �����
�PLOLDUGH�OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH��
Tabelul 8.12.
Indicator 1994 1997 0 1 2
���3URGXF LD�EUXW 100339,4 - 2. Consumul intermediar 54384,7 - ���9DORDUHD�DG XJDW �EUXW - 229445,3 ���)RUPDUHD�EUXW �GH�FDSLWDO�IL[ 10095,7 55074,2 5. Consumul final 38452,4 213772,8 6. Consumul final al�SRSXOD LHL 31442,0 188416,2 7. Impozite pe produs (inclusiv TVA) 3848,2 19306,7 8. Taxe vamale 648,9 3808,2 ���6XEYHQ LL�SH�SURGXV 678,6 2080,0 9. Modificarea stocurilor 2252,6 -501,3 10. Export net -1027,5 -17865,5
Sursa: Anuarul Statistic al României, anul 1998, pag. 340-343 Se cere:
1. PIB�QRPLQDO�IRORVLQG�PHWRGHOH�FH�SRW�IL�DSOLFDWH�vQ�IXQF LH�GH�GDWHOH�GLVSRQLELOH� 2. PIB�UHDO�GDF �SUH XULOH�SURGXVHORU�úL�VHUYLFLLORU�ILQDOH�DX�FUHVFXW�vQ������ID �GH������FX�
385,3%; dinamica PIB�UHDO�ID �GH������
2. 6H�FXQRVF�XUP WRDUHOH�GDWH�SULYLQG�FRQVXPXO�GH�HQHUJLH�HOHFWULF �úL�YDORDUHD�DG XJDW �EUXW ��
SH�UDPXUL��SHQWUX������úL������
Tabelul 8.13. VAB* (miliarde lei SUH XUL�FRQVWDQWH�
(QHUJLH�HOHFWULF �FRQVXPDW ��PLO. kWh) Ramura
1994 1996 1994 1996 0 1 2 3 4
,QGXVWULH���FRQVWUXF LL 21269,6 23831,2 34583 39759 $JULFXOWXU ���VLOYLFXOWXU 9897,6 9937,0 1834 1332 Alte ramuri 14787,5 17233,9 20509 22501 Total 45954,7 51002,1 56926 63592 Sursa: Anuarul Statistic al României, anul 1997, pag. 543; anul 1998, pag. 118, 340-342
Se cere: 1. FRQVXPXO�GH�HQHUJLH�HOHFWULF �FRQVXPDW �FH�UHYLQH�OD������OHL�VAB*� OD�QLYHOXO�ILHF UHL�
UDPXUL�úL�SH�DQVDPEOXO�HFRQRPLHL� 2. V � VH� GHWHUPLQH� LQIOXHQ D� IDFWRULORU� DVXSUD� PRGLILF ULL� FRQVXPXOXL� PHGLX� GH� HQHUJLH�
HOHFWULF �SH�vQWUHDJD�HFRQRPLH� 3. V �VH�FRPSDUH�GLQDPLFD�FRQVXPXOXL�PHGLX�GH�HQHUJLH�HOHFWULF �SH�DQVDPEOXO�HFRQRPLHL�
cu dinamica PIB� úWLLQG� F � PIB nominal a fost de 49773,2 mld. lei în 1994, de 108919,6 mld. lei în 1996 iar�UDWD�LQIOD LHL�vQ������ID �GH������D�IRVW�GH��������
4. V �VH�GHWHUPLQH�FRQWULEX LD�ILHF UXL�IDFWRU� OD�PRGLILFDUHD�DEVROXW �D�FRQVXPXOXL�PHGLX�GH�HQHUJLH�HOHFWULF �SH�vQWUHDJD�HFRQRPLH�
3. 6H� FXQRVF� XUP WRULL� LQGLFDWRUL� SHQWUX� HFRQRPLD� 5RPkQLHL� SHQWUX� DQLL� ����� úL� �����
�PLOLDUGH�OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH��
Tabelul 8.14. Indicator 1994 1996
0 1 2 ���3URGXF LD�EUXW 100339,4 240598,8 2. Consumul intermediar 54384,7 138744,6 3. Impozite pe produs (inclusiv TVA) 3848,2 7458,7 4. Taxe vamale 648,9 1852,3 5. SuEYHQ LL�SH�SURGXV 678,6 2245,6 ���0RGLILFDUHD�SUH XULORU�ID �GH����������OD�
• 3URGXF LD�EUXW • Consumul intermediar • Impozite pe produs • Taxe vamale • 6XEYHQ LL�SH�SURGXV
+132,84 +141,59 +73,38
+205,52 +171,49
Sursa: Anuarul Statistic al României, anul 1998, pag. 354, 360 Se cere:
1. PIB�QRPLQDO�vQ�FHOH�GRX �SHULRDGH� 2. PIB�UHDO�vQ������ID �GH������
4. 6H�FXQRVF�XUP WRDUHOH�GDWH�
Tabelul 8.15.
(ILFLHQ D�IRORVLULL�PLMORDFHORU�fixe (lei VAB*/1000 lei F)
Structura mijloacelor fixe (%) Ramura
1994 1996 1994 1996 0 1 2 3 4
,QGXVWULH���FRQVWUXF LL 1088 980 60,5 59,0 $JULFXOWXU ���VLOYLFXOWXU 3533 2474 9,0 12,4 Alte ramuri 1563 1455 30,5 28,6 Total 100,0 100,0
Se cere: 1. GLQDPLFD�HILFLHQ HL�IRORVLULL�PLMORDFHORU�IL[H�SH�ILHFDUH�UDPXU � 2. efiFLHQ D� PHGLH� D� IRORVLULL� PLMORDFHORU� IL[H� OD� QLYHOXO� vQWUHJLL� HFRQRPLL� vQ� FHOH� GRX �
perioade; 3. LQGLFLL�GH�JUXS�DL� HILFLHQ HL�PHGLL� D� IRORVLULL�PLMORDFHORU� IL[H�FX� VWUXFWXU �YDULDELO ��FX�
VWUXFWXU �IL[ �úL�DO�YDULD LHL�VWUXFWXULL� 4. V � VH� GHWHUPLQH�FRQWULEX LD� ILHF UXL� IDFWRU� OD�PRGLILFDUHD�DEVROXW � D�HILFLHQ HL�PHGLL� D�
folosirii mijloacelor fixe pe întreaga economie.
5. 6H� FXQRVF� XUP WRULL� LQGLFDWRUL� SHQWUX� HFRQRPLD� 5RPkQLHL� SHQWUX� DQLL� ����� úL� �����
�PLOLDUGH�OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH��
Tabelul 8.16.
Indicator 1998 1999 0 1 2
1. Consumul final 335000 470000 ���)RUPDUHD�EUXW �GH�FDSLWDO�IL[ 68000 97000 3. Modificarea stocurilor -1600 -4500 4. Export net -30000 -23000 5. Amortizarea capitalului fix 8400 12000
Se cere:
1. PIB�QRPLQDO�vQ�FHOH�GRX �SHULRDGH� 2. PIN QRPLQDO�vQ�FHOH�GRX �SHULRDGH� 3. PIB�UHDO�GDF �SUH XULOH�SURGXVHORU�úL�VHUYLFLLORU�ILQDOH�DX�FUHVFXW�vQ������ID �GH������
cu 50%; 4. Dinamica PIB real.