How open scientific research data transform transdisciplinary research:

a theoretical debate

Yasuhisa Kondo

JpGU 2016 MGI04-10Open Research Data and Interoperable Science Infrastructures

for Earth & Planetary Sciences

2

Solution-oriented research with societyMy experience: Heritage inventory development in Oman

Site

Type

AppellationArabic

English

Location

Coordinates Boundary

Wilayat Region

Topography

Architecture

Material

Dimension

Height

Length

AreaDescriptionSmall finds

Event

Construction Date Period

Termination Date Period

Inspection

Date

Staff

Photograph

Condition

Ownership

Tourism

Damage

Land useAssessment

How open scientific research data transform transdisciplinary research

Definition of Transdisciplinary (TD) Research

• Not only multi- or interdisciplinary, but also…“Science with Society”• Co-design of research agenda,• Co-production of knowledge, and• Co-delivery of the resultswith societal stakeholders such as governmental agencies, funders, industries, NPOs and civil society.

(Mauser et al. 2013. doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2013.07.001)

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Transdisciplinary Research

Action ResearchParticipatory Research

超学際研究 超域研究

新領域融合研究 社会協働研究

Transboundary Research

Science for Society

Science with Society

How open scientific research data transform transdisciplinary research“Transdisciplinarity” is often used as a buzzword.

超学研究

Actors (“stakeholders”) who are engaged to a transdisciplinary research

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Actor Social entity Knowledge

Researcher • Professional researcher Scientific

Decision maker • Government• Industry Governance

Resident • NPO• Local resident Indigenous

Pro bono new!

(Skilled volunteer)

• Lawyers• Programmer• Social

entrepreneurTechnical

6

Researcher

Resident

Typology (1) Participatory Research

Outcomes

Example: Questionnaire, ideathon

How open scientific research data transform transdisciplinary research

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Typology (2) Action Research

Researcher

Resident

Outcomes(Social

implementation)

How open scientific research data transform transdisciplinary research

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Typology (3) Transdisciplinary Research (in sensu stricto)

Researcher

Resident

Decision makingfor solving issues

+Mutual learningDecision maker

“Co-x”Co-design

Co-production

Co-deliveryCo-leadership

How open scientific research data transform transdisciplinary research

Open science and pro bonos

Definition by government

• Open Access• Open Scientific Research Data• Acceleration of Citizen Science

→ Important for Open InnovationCabinet Office of Japan (January 2016)

Reality

•Movement to reform the research system by “openness” (Kitamoto 2016)• “Getting together but thinking differently”

(Kitamoto 2015)• Agreed in general but disagreed on details

Short-term effect

• An increasing number of pro bonos, who have adequately experienced social innovations by open data, will engage to transdisciplinary research.

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Pro bono: a new actor in TD research

Happy Life Ideathon at RIHN in October 2015 Graphic recording (by S. Wanami)

• Individuals with high skills (e.g., ITC, social design) or expert knowledge (e.g., legal, financial)

• Not always belonging to local community but highly motivated.

• Leading social innovations by using open data. 10

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Spin-offs

Researchers

Residents

Decisionfor

solutionDecision makers

“Co-x”Co-design

Co-productionCo-leadership

Mutual learning

Pro-bonos (skilled volunteers) new!

Scientific knowledge

Indigenous knowledge

Governance knowledge

Technical knowledge

Researchoutputs

Solution

Scientific knowledge

Governance knowledge

Indigenous knowledge

Gap

Gap

Gap

Gap

Gap Gap

Transdisciplinary researchwith pro bonos

1. Waterweed compost project

2. Report veg cultivations with compost

3. Analyze reports to find new effects4. Enhance the local community through sharing the regional resources

RIHNNutrient CyclingProject

Local residents

IndustriesRIHNGovernments

An idea from the ideathon with pro bonos

12How open scientific research data transform transdisciplinary research

Open science may boost citizen science.

This may be a transformation of transdisciplinary research.

However, there are still gaps between open science and citizen science.

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Spin-offs

Researchers

Residents

Decisionfor

solutionDecision makers

“Co-x”Co-design

Co-productionCo-leadership

Mutual learning

Pro-bonos (skilled volunteers) new!

Scientific knowledge

Indigenous knowledge

Governance knowledge

Technical knowledge

Researchoutputs

Solution

Scientific knowledge

Governance knowledge

Indigenous knowledge

Gap

Gap

Gap

Gap

Gap Gap

How can we fill knowledge gaps between actors?

Open research data

Importance of Knowledge Bridging

• There is a knowledge information gap between actors facing socio-environmental issues.In order to solve it, we should

• Specify where and what the gaps are present; and• Identify how to fill those gaps.

• We will study this issue in the RIHN’s Core Project (2017-19).

• Join us if you get interested!15How open scientific research data transform transdisciplinary researchThank you for listening. kondo@chikyu.ac.jp