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BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

House Construction

Building Construction Principle

Building Functions

Building Construction Elements

Building Construction Characteristics

Types of Building Construction

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Introduction Building Functions

Accommodation

Working

Business

Pleasure Study

Building Construction Characteristics

Safe

Aesthetic

Comfort

Suitable Cost Quality

Building Construction Elements

Foundation Building Frame (Column, Beam) Slab Wall & Retaining Wall Door & Window Staircases Roof Ceiling Finishes

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Types of Building Construction

Residential

Non-residential

Engineering Facilities

Industry Facilities

Foundation

• What is Foundation?

• Important part in the building construction.

• Point load (dead load, life load, wind load, etc.)

• Dead Load– Walls, roof, slab, beam, others structures, fix furniture, etc.

• Life Load– Moveable load (not fix), people, etc.

Shallow foundations of a house versus the deep foundations of a Skyscrapers

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Foundation

• Functions:

– Building base – Building load distribution to earth/soil – To avoid building settlement cause by the soil movement and

erosion– Increase building stability by lower down centre of gravity

(therefore building foundation in the ground)

Foundation

Types of Foundations:

Shallow Foundation (Asas Cetek)– Generally the depth of shallow foundation - < 3m– Example: Pad Footing, Strip Foundation, Raft Foundation

Deep Foundation (Asas Dalam)– Generally the depth of deep foundation - >3m– Example: Pile Foundation

Pad Footing Strip Foundation

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Raft Foundation

Pile

Building Frame (Column & Beam)

Building Frame (Column & Beam)

Building frame consist of: Column Beam

• In building construction, building frame constructed after foundation and before others structure such as slab, roof, ceiling, finishes and etc.

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Column

Beam

Slab

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Slab

• What is Slab?

Slab is building surface which received any activities from occupier and loads, also safe and comfortable

• Types of Slab:♠ Ground Slab (Concrete)♠ Suspended Slab (Wood/Concrete)

Slab

Concrete Floor SlabFloor Slab Details

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Concrete Floor Slab

Wall & Retaining Wall

What is Wall?

• Wall is refer to thin construction using wood frame as building partition (internal/external) or any other materials in the market.

What is Retaining Wall?

• Retaining wall related to thick and solid construction using bricks, concrete, concrete block, etc.

Wood Wall

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Reinforced Concrete Retaining Wall

Door & Window

What is Door? • Attached in the building as access to in and out.

What is Window?• Functions:

– Allow sun light to enter in the building– Air ventilation – Heat and sound insulation – Avoid wind and rain

Types of Door

Ledge (Belebas)

Batten Brace (Perembat)

Batten Batten (beroti) Door

Flat Door

Solid Flat Door Frame Flat Door

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Panel Door

Single Panel Twin (4) Panel Twin (6) Panel

Louvre Door

Glass Door Types of Window

Glass Louvre Window

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Glass Frame Window

Sliding windowSliding window

Glass Frame Window

Casement WindowCasement Window

Glass Frame Window

Fixed CasementFixed Casement

Glass Frame Window

Top HungTop Hung

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Staircases

• Staircases consists of many runners to form steps.

• Purpose: to provide facilities up and down from one floor to another floor in the building.

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Types of Staircases

Straight Runners Staircases

Types of Staircases

Corner Staircases(900)

Types of Staircases

Straight Corner Staircases(1800)

Types of StaircasesTwo Branches Staircases

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Types of Staircases

Spiral

Types of StaircasesWood Staircases Concrete Staircases

Types of Staircases

Brick Staircases Metal Staircases

Roof

• Roof is very important structures in order to protect building occupiers from rain and sunshine.

• Types of Roof (m/s 386 – Tan Boon Tong):– “Bumbung Tebeng Layar”, “Bumbung Limas”, “Bumbung Gabriel”, “Bumbung Mansard”,

“Bumbung Limas Belanda”, “Bumbung Rata”, “Bumbung Layang”, “Bumbung Tebeng Layar”, “Bumbung Minangkabau”, “Bumbung Pisang Sesikat”

• Types of Roof Trusses (pg414 – Construction Materials, Methods, and Techniques)– King Post, W or Fink, Belgian or Double W, Howe, Mono-Pitch 4 Panel, Queen, Scissors,

Gable End, Pratt, Fan, Dutch Space, Living Space(Attic) , Hip Roof, Pitched Flat, Mansard

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Ceiling

• What is Ceiling?

Finishes under roof

To cover roof frame structure

Heat and cold insulation.

PENGENALAN

PENGENALAN PENGENALAN

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PENGENALAN PENGENALAN

Finishes

• Last activities (work) in building construction. • Selection of finishes should properly done in

order to have quality finishes within cost.• Types:

Type of Materials Type of Finishes

Wood Oil Paint, silicon (chemical substance used in varnish), lacquer(hard glossyvarnish), etc

Finishes

• Types:

Types of Materials Types of Finishes

Steel Oil paint

Bitumen paint

Lacquer

Gypsum/Cement Distemper paint (chalk)

Plaster Emulsion paint (water)

Oil paint

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Finishes

• Types:

Type of Materials Type of FinishesConcrete Cement Plaster

Wood stripParquet TileMorzaicTerrazzo

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