PENTOSE PATHWAY IN A RELATION TO

DIABETESGROUP 2

Submitted to Dr Nguyen Van Toan (PhD)

GROUP MEMBERS

• Phan Duc Anh • Nguyen Hien Huy Hoang• Vu Thi My Linh• Nguyen Pham Thang Long• Nguyen Duc Thanh• Nguyen Thi Bao Tran• Nguyen Quynh An Trang• Nguyen Vu Hoang Uyen

CONTENTS• WHAT IS DIABETES?

• WHAT IS PENTOSE PATHWAY?

• RELATION BETWEEN PENTOSE PATHWAY AND DIABETES

• CONCLUSION

• REFERENCES

WHAT IS DIABETES?

NORMAL CASES (NON-DIABETES)

DIABETES

Metabolic disease in which the person has high blood glucose (blood sugar).

The reason of Diabetes is concentrated in• Either because insulin production is inadequate,• Or because the body's cells do not respond properly

to insulin,• Or both of the reason above.

WHAT IS PENTOSE PATHWAY?

PENTOSE PATHWAY

PENTOSE PATHWAY

The pentose phosphate pathway is primarily an anabolic pathway.

The primary functions of this pathway are:• To generate reducing equivalents, in the form of

NADPH, for reductive biosynthesis reactions within cells,

• To provide the cell with ribose-5-phosphate (R5P) for the synthesis of the nucleotides and nucleic acids,

REGULATION OF PENTOSE PATHWAY

• Glucose 6-phosphatedehydrogenase (G6PD) is the regulatory enzyme.

• NADPH is a potent competitive inhibitor of the enzyme.

• Usually the ratio NADPH/NADP+ is high so the enzyme is inhibited.

• But, with increased demand for NADPH in the cell, the ratio decreases and enzyme activity is stimulated.

5 carbon atoms

Regulatory enzyme

RELATION BETWEEN PENTOSE PATHWAY AND DIABETES

• Diabetes causes a major decrease in the activity of the enzyme glucose 6-phosphatedehydrogenase (G6PD)

Leads to decreased NADPH

A significant cause of the increased oxidative stress seen in diabetes

Causes kidney disease, vascular disease and other complications. 

• NADPH is also required by a critical enzyme called nitric oxide synthase that produces nitric oxide.

• NADPH also is required by a number of other cellular reactions including white blood cell enzyme NADPH oxidase

lack of NADPH also likely plays an important role in the development of hypertension in patients with diabetes

lack of NADPH leads to decrease white blood cell function, increasing susceptibility to infections.

SUMMARY PROCESSES

DIABETESDecrease the

activation of G6PD

Decrease NADPHDecrease in

antioxidant defenses

Oxidative stress Hyperglycemia

(get high [glucose])

CONCLUSION• Enzyme glucose 6-phosphatedehydrogenase (G6PD)

is the regulated enzyme of the Pentose Pathway that help to produce NADPH.

• The main relation between Diabetes and Pentose Pathway is performed through G6PD.

• In diabetes patients the enzyme G6PD ‘s activation is reduced causing the decrease in NADPH.

• The decline in NADPH leads to the development of hypertension in diabetes patients.

REFERENCES• Robert C. Stanton, Boston: Joslin Diabetes Center,

http://www.joslin.org/diabetes-research/robert_c_stanton.html (Accessed 20-Nov-2013)

• Zhiquan Zhang, Kira Apse, Jiongdong Pang, and Robert C. Stanton, High Glucose Inhibits Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase via cAMP in Aortic Endothelial Cells, The journal of Biological chemistry 275. no.51 (2000): 42-47 http://www.jbc.org/content/275/51/40042.full (Accessed 20-Nov-2013)

• http://www.medschool.lsuhsc.edu/biochemistry/Courses/Biochemistry201/Scott/pentosephosphate.ppt (Accessed 20-Nov-2013)