Voiced Consonant

Voiced ConsonantConsonant that includesvocal chord vibration.

Voiced ConsonantConsonant that includesvocal chord vibration.

Such as [b], [v], [g], [d], [ð], [γ], [z], [ž], and so forth.

Unvoiced Consonant

Unvoiced ConsonantConsonant that does not

vocal chord vibration.

Unvoiced Consonant

Such as [p], [f], [k], [t], [þ], [x], [s], [š], and so forth.

Consonant that does notvocal chord vibration.

Number

NumberSingular or Plural.

(Some languages also have other categories.)

NumberSingular or Plural.

(Some languages also have other categories.)

dog / dogsman / menshe / they

Person

Person1: the speaker(s),

2: the addressee(s), or3: other(s)

Person1: the speaker(s),

2: the addressee(s), or3: other(s)

1: me/us2: you/y’all

3: him/her/it/them

Preposition

PrepositionA word attached to a noun or pronoun

to show its relationto other noun(s) or pronoun(s).

Preposition

to, for, with, against, around, from, between,beneath, among, through, atop, before,

athwart

A word attached to a noun or pronounto show its relation

to other noun(s) or pronoun(s).

Personal Pronoun

Personal Pronoun

— —

Personal Pronoun

1: I, me; we, us2: thou, thee; you

3: he, him, she, her, it; they, them

— —

RelativePronoun

RelativePronoun

A pronoun that “picks up”a noun already mentioned.

RelativePronoun

The man who sold the world.She’s the woman that I love.

A pronoun that “picks up”a noun already mentioned.

Interrogative Pronoun

Interrogative Pronoun

A question-pronoun.

Interrogative Pronoun

Tell me, who do you love?What are those shapes?

A question-pronoun.

Adjective

Adjective

A word for modifying a noun.

Adjective

red, beautiful, difficult, independent, short

A word for modifying a noun.

Transitive Verb

Transitive Verb

A verb that passes actionto another object.

Transitive Verb

fix, slice, hit, love, admire, give

A verb that passes actionto another object.

Intransitive Verb

Intransitive Verb

A verb that does notpass action to another object.

Intransitive Verb

A verb that does notpass action to another object.

sit, lie, sleep, stroll, wonder

Agent

AgentThe doer (of a verb).

AgentThe doer (of a verb).

I love my wife.My wife is loved by me.

Direct Object

Direct ObjectObject directly receiving

the action of a verb.

Direct ObjectObject directly receiving

the action of a verb.

I love her.I give the roses away.

Indirect Object

Indirect Object

Object affected by the verb indirectly.

Indirect Object

Object affected by the verb indirectly.

I give her the roses.She tells me a secret.

Simianversus

Dinosaur

Which is the agent?

Which the direct object?

Simianversus

Dinosaur

CassiusClay

gives

Joe Frazier

a knuckle- sandwich

.

Agent? ∙ Verb? ∙ Direct Object? ∙ Indirect Object?