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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. Huawei Confidential
Security Level:
OBA000100 GPON
Fundamentals
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Page2Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 2
References ITU-T 984.1
ITU-T 984.2
ITU-T 984.3
ITU-T 984.4
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Objectives Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
Describe GPON Network Architecture
Outline GPON Basic Concepts
Outline GPON Applications
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Contents1. Overview of Optical Access Network
2. Basic Concepts of PON
3. GPON Frame Structure
4. GPON Key Technologies
5. GPON Management and Service Provisioning
6. Basic Services over GPON Network
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Page5Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 5
Contents1. Overview of Optical Access Network
2. Basic Concepts of PON
3. GPON Frame Structure
4. GPON Key Technologies
5. GPON Management and Service Provisioning
6. Basic Services over GPON Network
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Page6Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 6
CO
Curb
CustomerPremise
BA
FTTC
FTTB
OLT
OLT
Architecture of Optical Access
Network
DSLAM
25 0 - 7 0 0 m
U r b a n C o v e r a g e
3.5-5kmRemote BusinessxDSL 2~20Mbps
OLTFTTH
ODN
MDU
ONT
ONU
Optical Line Termination Optical Networks Termination
Optical Networks Unit
Multi-Dwelling Unit
2.5Gbps Down /1.25Gbps Up
2.5Gbps Down /1.25Gbps Up
2.5Gbps Down /1.25Gbps Up
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From the architecture diagram, the optical access network comprises the followingscenarios:
1. FTTB scenario
SBU : Single business unit ; providing a comparatively small number of ports such as10/100/1000BASE-T, RF, and DS1/T1/E1 ports
MTU :Business Multi-tenant unit ; providing a comparatively larger number of ports,
including 10/100/1000BASE-T, RF and DS1/T1/E1 ports., VDSL2, and so on.
2. FTTC & FTTCab scenario
MDU : Multi-dwelling unit ;providing a comparatively larger number of ports, including10/100/1000BASE-T, RF, VDSL2, and so on.
3. FTTH scenario
SFU : Single family unit , providing a comparatively small number of ports, including
following types: POTS, 10/100/1000BASE-T, and RF.
What is Optical Access
Network?
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Contents1. Overview of Optical Access Network
2. Basic Concepts of PON3. GPON Frame Structure
4. GPON Key Technologies
5. GPON Management and Service Provisioning
6. Basic Services over GPON Network
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What is PON? Passive Optical Network
OLT
ONU
Optical Line Terminal
Optical Network Unit
Passive OpticalSplitter
PSTN
Internet
IPTV
ONU
ONU
PON is a kind of passive optical network featuring one-to-multiple-point architecture;
PON is short for Passive Optical Network ;
PON consists of Optical Line Terminal (OLT), Optical Network Unit (ONU) and Optical
Distribution Network(ODN).
Passive Optical
Splitter
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Why GPON?
GPONGigabit-capable Passive Optical Networks GPON supports :
Tripleplay service
high-bandwidth
long-reach (up to 20 km) GPON is the choice of large carriers in the international market.
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GPON Principle----Data
Multiplexing GPON adopts Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology,
facilitating bi-direction communication over a single fiber.
To separate upstream/downstream signals of multiple users over a single
fiber, GPON adopts two multiplexing mechanisms:
In downstream direction, data packets are transmitted in a broadcast manner;
In upstream direction, data packets are transmitted in a TDMA manner.
1490nm
1310nm
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GPON Principle----Downstream Data
Broadcast mode
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GPON Principle----Upstream Data
TDMA mode
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Page14Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 14
ITU-T G.984.3
• Specifications of TC layer in the GPON system
• GTC multiplexing architecture and protocol
stack• GTC frame
• ONU registration and activation
• DBA specifications
• Alarms and performance
ITU-T G-984.1/2/3/4
Simple development processPowerful compatibility
ITU-T G.984.1
• Parameter description of GPON network
• Requirements of protection switch-over
networking
GPON StandardsGPON Standards
ITU-T G.984.4
• OMCI message format
• OMCI device management frame
• OMCI working principle
ITU-T G.984.2
• Specifications of ODN parameters
• Specifications of 2.488Gbps downstream optical port
• Specifications of 1.244Gbps upstream optical port
• Overhead allocation at physical layer
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Basic Performance Parameters
2.488322.48832
2.488321.24416
2.488320.62208
2.488320.15552
1.244161.24416
1.244160.62208
1.244160.15552
Downstream
Rate(Gbps)
Upstream
Rate(Gbps)
1.24416 Gbit/s up, 2.48832 Gbit/s down is the mainstream speedcombination supported at current
time.
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Basic Performance Parameters
164/up to1128Split ratio
20 kmMaximum differential fibre
distance
20 kmMaximum physical reach
60 kmMaximum logical reach
The distance
between nearest
and farthest
ONTs
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Contents1. Overview of Optical Access Network
2. Basic Concepts of PON3. GPON Frame Structure
4. GPON Key Technologies
5. GPON Management and Service Provisioning
6. Basic Services over GPON Network
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GPON Network Model ReferenceGPON Network Model Reference
WDM
ONU/ONT
NE
WDM
OLT
NE
Service node
Opticalsplitter
T reference point V reference point
R/S S/RODNUNI SNI
IFpon IFpon
ONU Optical Network Unit
ONT Optical Network Terminal
ODN Optical Distribution Network
OLT Optical Line Terminal
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplex Module
NE Network Element
SNI Service Node Interface
UNI User Network Interface
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GPON Multiplexing ArchitectureGPON Multiplexing Architecture
IFpon
O
N
U
O
N
U
O
N
U
T-CONT Port
T-CONTPort
Port
T-CONT
T-CONT
Port
Port
Port
Port
Port
ONU-IDidentifies
ONUs
Alloc-IDsidentifies T-
CONTs
Port-IDidentifies GEM
ports
GEM Port: the minimum unit for carryingservices.
T-CONT: Transmission Containers is a kind ofbuffer that carries services. It is mainly used totransmit upstream data units. T-CONT isintroduced to realize the dynamic bandwidthassignment of the upstream bandwidth, so asto enhance the utilization of the line.
IF pon: GPON interface.
Based on the mapping scheme, service trafficis carried to different GEM ports and then todifferent T-CONTs. The mapping between theGEM port and the T-CONT is flexible. A GEMport can correspond to a T-CONT; or multipleGEM Ports can correspond to the same T-CONT.
A GPON interface of an ONU contains one ormultiple T-CONTs.
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GPON Multiplexing ArchitectureOLT ONT
T-CONT
T-CONT
GEM Port GEM Port
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Physical Control BlockDownstream (PCBd)
Payload
AllocID Start End AllocID Start End
1 100 200 2 300 500
T-CONT1
(ONT 1)
T-CONT 2
(ONT 2)
Slot
100
Slot
200
Slot
300
Slot
500
PLOu PLOAMu PLSu DBRu X Payload x DBRu Y Payload y
Upstream
Bandwidth Map
125usDownstream Framing
Upstream Framing
GPON Frame StructureGPON Frame Structure
OLT
ONT 1
ONT 64
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PLOu PLOAMu PLSu DBRu x Payload x DBRu y Payload y PLOu DBRu z Payload z
Preamble
A bytes
Delimiter
B bytes
BIP
1 bytes
ONU-ID
1 bytes
Ind
1 bytesONU ID
Msg ID
1 bytes
Message
10 bytes
CRC
1 bytes
DBA
1,2,4bytes
CRC
1byte
DBA Report Pad if needed
GEM
header
Frame
fragment
GEM
header
Full
frame
GEM
header
Frame
fragment
PLI Port ID PTI HEC
ONT A ONT B
Upstream Framing
GPON Upstream Frame StructureGPON Upstream Frame Structure
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PCBd
n
Payload
n
PCBd
n + 1
Payload
n
Psync4 bytes
Ident4 bytes
PLOAM13 bytes
BIP1 bytes
Plend4 bytes
Plend4 bytes
US BW MapN*8 bytes
FEC Ind
1 bit
Reserved
1 bit
Super-frame
Counter 30 bits
Blen BW Map
Length 12 bits
Alen ATM Partition
Length 12 bits
CRC
8 bits
Access 1
8 bytes
Access 2
8 bytes…..
Access n
8 bytes
Alloc ID
12 bits
Flags
12 bits
SStart
2 bytes
SStop
2 bytes
CRC
1 byte
Send PLS
1 bit
Send PLOAMn
1 bit
Use FEC
1 bit
Send DBRu
2 bits
Reserved
7 bits
125us
Coverage of this BIP Coverage of next BIP
Downstream Framing
GPON Downstream Frame
Structure
GPON Downstream Frame
Structure
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TDMTDM data Payload
TDM fragment
HEC
PTI
Port ID
PLI
GEM Frame
Ingress buffer
TDM Buffer
Mapping of TDM Service in GPONMapping of TDM Service in GPON
TDM frames are buffered and queued as they arrive, then TDM data is multiplexed
in to fixed-length GEM frames for transmission. This scheme does not vary TDM services but transmit TDM services transparently.
Featuring fixed length, GEM frames benefits the transmission of TDM services .
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GEM
Payload
CRC
PTI
Port ID
PLI
GEM FrameEthernet Packet
DA
SFD
Preamble
Inter packet gap
SA
Length\Type
MAC client data
FEC
EOF
5 bytes
Mapping of Ethernet Service in GPONMapping of Ethernet Service in GPON
GPON system resolves Ethernet frames and then directly maps the data of framesinto the GEM Payload.
GEM frames automatically encapsulate header information.
Mapping format is clear and it is easy for devices to support this mapping. It alsoboasts good compatibility.
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Page26Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 26
Contents1. Overview of Optical Access Network
2.
Basic Concepts of PON3. GPON Frame Structure
4. GPON Key Technologies
5. GPON Management and Service Provisioning
6. Basic Services over GPON Network
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GPON Key Technologies- Ranging
DBA
T-CONT
AES
Attenuation
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RangingOLT obtains the Round Trip Delay (RTD) through ranging process, then
specifies suitable Equalization Delay (EqD) so as to avoid occurrence of
collision on optical splitters.
To acquire the serial number and ranging, OLT needs open a window, that is,Quiet Zone, and pauses upstream transmitting channels on other ONUs.
ONU3
ONU2
ONU1
OLT
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DBA What is DBA?
DBA, Dynamic Bandwidth Assignment
Why DBA? It enhances the uplink bandwidth utilization of PON ports.
More users can be added on a PON port.
Users can enjoy higher-bandwidth services, especially those requiringcomparatively greater change in terms of the bandwidth.
DBA operation modes
SR-DBA: status report-DBA
NSR-DBA: non status report-DBA
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SR-DBA Operation
DBA block in the OLT constantly collects information from DBA reports, and sends the algorithmresult in the form of BW Map to ONUs .
Based on the BW Map, each ONU sends upstream burst data on time slots specified tothemselves and utilizes the upstream bandwidth.
DBA algorithm
logic
DBA report
BW Map
Time slot
T-CONT
T-CONT
T-CONT
Scheduler
ONUOLT
Control
platform
Dataplatform
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SR-DBA Operation
PayloadUS BWMap
Data Report
PCBd
D/S Direction
U/S Direction
OLT ONT
① ①① ①
② ②② ②
③ ③③ ③
④ ④④ ④
Based on the algorithm result of
last time, OLT delivers BWMaps in the header ofdownstream frames
.
Based on the bandwidth allocationinformation, ONU sends the statusreport of data currently waiting inT-CONTs in the specified timeslots.
OLT receives the status reportfrom the ONU, updates BW Mapthrough DBA algorithm and thendelivers the new BW Map in thenext frame.
ONU receives the BW Map fromthe OLT and sends data in thespecified time slots.
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NSR-DBA Operation
NSR-DBA
NSR is an algorithm scheme that realizes DBA. It helps to predict the
bandwidth allocated to each ONU based on the traffic from ONUs.
Procedure:
Step1: Monitor the number of data packets received by OLT within the
specified interval.
Step2: Use the result of real time monitoring in step 1 to calculate the
utilization rate.
Step3: Recognize the congestion status by comparing the utilization
rate with the specified limits.
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DBA Working Principle
Based on service priorities, the system sets SLA for each ONU, restricting service bandwidth. The maximum bandwidth and the minimum bandwidth pose limits to the bandwidth of each ONU, ensuring
various bandwidth for services of different priorities. In general, voice service enjoys the highest, then videoservice and data service the lowest in terms of service priority.
OLT grants bandwidth based on services, SLA and the actual condition of the ONU. Services of higher priorityenjoy higher bandwidth.
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T-CONT Bandwidth Terms Transmission Containers (T-CONTs): it dynamically receives grants
delivered by OLT. T-CONTs are used for the management of upstream
bandwidth allocation in the PON section of the Transmission
Convergence layer. T-CONTs are primarily used to improve the upstream
bandwidth use on the PON.
T-CONT BW type falls into FB, AB, NAB, and BE.
Five T-CONT types: Type1, Type2, Type3, Type4, and Type5.
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T-CONT Type and Bandwidth Type
Type1 T-CONT is of the fixed bandwidth type and mainly used for services sensitive to delay and services ofhigher priorities, such as voice services.
Type2 and type3 T-CONT is of the guaranteed bandwidth type and mainly used for video services and dataservices of higher priorities.
Type4 is of the best-effort type and mainly used for data services (such as Internet and email), and services oflower priorities. These services do not require high bandwidth.
Type5 is of the mixed T-CONT type, involving all bandwidth types and bearing all services.
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QoS Mechanism of ONU in GPON
GPONVOIP
VOD
DATA
TDM
Traffic-flow
Scheduling
And buffer
control
Service
differentia
based on
802.1p
GPON
VOIP
VOD
TDM
Traffic-flow
Scheduling
And buffer
control
Servicedifferentia
based on
802.1p
OLT
Splitter
Service traffic based on
GEM Port-id
Traffic classification of services based on LAN/802.1p.
Service scheduling based on the combination of strict priority (SP) and Weighted Round Robin(WRR) algorithms.
Service transmission based on service mapping with different T-CONTs, enhancing line utilizationand reliability.
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QoS Mechanism of OLT in GPON
VOIP
BTV
DATA
TDM
GPON
GPON
GE/10GE
Upstream servicetraffic based ondifferent VLANs
Ethernet
bridging
Non-
blocking
switching
802.1p
COS
Queuing &
scheduling
DBA
TDM GatewayPSTN
BSR
OLT
Traffic classification based on VLAN/802.1p.
Service scheduling based on combination of strict priority (SP) and WeightedRound Robin (WRR) algorithms.
DBA algorithm, enhancing uplink bandwidth utilization.
Access control list (ACL)-based access control on layers above layer-2.
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AES Encryption in GPON
End User1
End UserEnd User
11
End User
3End UserEnd User
33
ONTEnd User
2End UserEnd User
22
33 33
1 1 3 3
3 3
2 2 1 1
1 111 11
22
ONT
ONT
1 1 3 3
3 3
2 2
1 1
1 1
11 33 3322 11 11OLT
Encryption
Decryption
Decryption
Decryption
11
11 33 3322 11 11
OLT applies Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) 128 encryption.
GPON supports encrypted transmission in downstream direction, such as AES128 encryption.
In the case of GEM fragments, only the payload will be encrypted.
GPON system initiates AES key exchange and switch-over periodically, improving the reliabilityof the line.
AES: Advanced Encrypt Standard
A globally-used encryption algorithm
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Fibre Attenuation and Power Budget
Fibre attenuation relates to the fibre length
The attenuation of fibre splicing point is
generally less than 0.2dB
Other factors may cause attenuation, such
as fibre bending
About 0.35 dB per kmfor 1310,1490nm
30 dB
15 dB
Class C
NOTE – The requirements of a particular class may be morestringent for one system type than for another, e.g. the class Cattenuation range is inherently more stringent for TCM systemsdue to the use of a 1:2 splitter/combiner at each side of theODN, each having a loss of about 3 dB.
28 dB25 dB20 dBMaximum loss
13 dB10 dB5 dBMinimum loss
ClassB
Class BClass A
Table G.984.2 – Classes for optical path loss
Huawei’s OLT and ONU28 dB (Class B+)
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-8dBmMinimum overload
-27dBmMinimum sensitivity
+5dBmMean launched power MAX
0.5dBmMean launched power MIN
ONUONU:
-8dBmMinimum overload
-28dBmMinimum sensitivity
+5dBmMean launched power MAX
+1.5dBmMean launched power MIN
OLTOLT:
Single fibreUnitItems
Parameters of GPON (Class B+)
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Contents1. Overview of Optical Access Network
2. Basic Concepts of PON
3. GPON Frame Structure
4. GPON Key Technologies
5. GPON Management and Service Provisioning
6. Basic Services over GPON Network
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Control and Management Plane
M u l t i p l e x i n g b a s e d o n f r a m e l o c a t i o n
P L O A M
p a r t i t i o n
A T M p a r t i t i o n G E M p a r t i t i o nF r a m e
h e a d e r
A l l o c - IDf i l t e r
A l lo c - I D f i l t e r
E m b e d d e d
O A M
A T M T C a d a p t e r G E M T C a d a p t e r
V P I / V C If i l t e r
P o r t - I D
f i l t e r
O M C I a d a p t e r
O M C IP L O A M
G T C F r a m i n g s u b - l a y e r
T C A d a p t a t i o n s u b - l a y e r
- B W G r a n t i n g - K e y S w i t c h i n g - D B A
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GPON Management
OAM message at the physical layer falls into three types:
embedded OAM, PLOAM and OMCI .
The embedded OAM and PLOAM channels manage the functions of thePMD and the GTC layers. The OMCI provides a uniform system of
managing higher (service defining) layers.
The embedded OAM channel is provided by field-formatted information
(such as BW MapDBRu) in the header of the GTC frame. The functions
that use this channel include: bandwidth granting, Dynamic Bandwidth
Assignment signalling and so on.
The OMCI channel is used to manage the service defining layers that lay
above the GTC.
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GPON Service ProvisioningCarriers’ nightmare
Application scenario
Service Provisioning
NMS 2000
Access Network
Billing
1 Subscribe for services
2 Configure service network
3
Order Management
Start up ONT and make registration with serial numberONTONT
ONTONT
CRM
User
Send terminals to users
1
2
Finish the auto-configuration of OLT
Initial configurations (such as service system informationconfiguration, data configuration) are required onterminals and then they can be put into use. To finishthese configurations, it is not cost-effective to carriers.
GPON supports zero configuration onterminals and plug-and-play of terminals,which is cost-effective.
Flexible Configuration plan of GPON
STB
3
Use OMCI to finishing dataconfiguration on ONT
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Page45Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 45
Contents1. Basic Concepts of PON
2. Overview of Optical Access Network
3. Analysis of GPON Standards
4. GPON Key Technologies
5. GPON Management and Service Provisioning
6. Basic Services over GPON Network
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Page46Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 46
BRASAAA Server
IP Core
ASP/ISPCPE
MSE
Ethernet
OLT
Softswitch
Internet
VoD Server
Middleware
NMS
TL1/CORBA/API
BB service platform
Carrier’s OSS
Notification
Triple Play Solution in GPON
IPTV
Phone
PC
SFU
Phone
PCSBU
CPE
MDU V D S L
NSP
IP
Voice
CBU
E1
FE
ODN
Splitter
Base station
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Page47Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 47
Questions GPON network architecture?
Describe DBA operation mode?
Describe GPON service provisioning?
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Page48Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 48
Summary In this presentation, we introduced GPON basic
concept ,architecture ,and principle.
We also discussed about GPON service provisioning and
application.
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