Post on 27-Jun-2020
© 2011, TSI Incorporated
Jim Farnsworth
Senior Mechanical Engineer
TSI Incorporated
Thursday, March 24, 2011
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Benvenuto!
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Continuous Particle Monitoring in an
Office Environment: Sources, Trends,
and Applications
© 2011, TSI Incorporated
Interactive Webinar Format
1. Connection Information: You need to join the webinar in two ways
– Audio: via telephone - phone numbers and link information
included with e-mail login information
– Visual: via internet - link information included login information
2. Sound quality: For large groups, the sounds quality is much better if the
conference is kept on „mute‟.
3. Multi-media - Interactive chat: Please send questions via chat during and
after the presentation.
4. Follow-up: e-mail including Adobe pdf file of presentation will be sent to
registered attendees.
© 2011, TSI Incorporated
Outline
• Background and Motivation
– Workplace monitoring
– OPC Theory of Operation
– TSI Particle Monitoring Network
• >1 Micron Sources and Trends
• <1 Micron Sources and Trends
• Conclusions and Future Work
• Questions
© 2011, TSI Incorporated
Workplace Monitoring
• Why do it?
– Meet PM standards
– Identify sources
– Verify containment measures
– Check effects of changes
• Typical monitoring environments
– Cleanrooms
– Construction sites
– Paper mills
– Machine shops
– Woodworking
• Typical instrumentation
– Gravimetric analysis
– Photometric devices
– CPCs
© 2011, TSI Incorporated
OPCs for Workplace Monitoring?
Yes!
• Economical
• Concentration range okay
• Commonly used in cleanroom
applications
• Designed to run continuously
on networks
© 2011, TSI Incorporated
Photo Detector
Light Stop
Aerosol Inlet
Pump or Blower
Focusing Optics
Collecting Optics
Sheath Air
Pre-filter
Exhaust FilterLight source
Exhaust
• Photo detector is set at
an angle to light source
(typically 90 degrees)
• Mirror focuses side
scatter into detector (30-
120 degrees typical)
Side Scatter OPC
Theory of Operation
Signal Processing
time
Sig
na
l (V
)
© 2011, TSI Incorporated
TSI Particle Monitoring Network
• Internal network of instrumentation at TSI Shoreview
– 12 AeroTrak Particle Counters (OPCs)
– 6 Models
– 4-6 channels, 0.3-10 µm
– Data managed with FMS Software
• Development & Support
– Reliability testing
– Develop/test new products
• Warning System
– Cleanroom Monitoring
– Workplace Exposure
• “Walk the Talk”
© 2011, TSI Incorporated
FMS Software: Overview
Database Main FMS MonitorView Clients
Instrumentation
Corporate LAN
FMS Capabilities
• Continuous data logging
• Graphing and reporting
• Multi-stage alarming
• Supports any device from any
manufacturer (with driver)
• Expandable to 100+ devices
© 2011, TSI Incorporated
Eng East
SE Lab
NE Lab
NW Lab
SW Lab
HVAC Lab
JF Office
Monitoring Locations
Level 2Cleanroom
WC411
Exec Suite
Accounting
Machine Shop
Level 1
© 2011, TSI Incorporated
Monitoring LocationsCleanroom
WC411
Exec Suite
Accounting
Machine Shop
Level 1
3X Model 9306-V2
Model 9310-01
Model 9350-03
© 2011, TSI Incorporated
Eng East
SE Lab
NE Lab
NW Lab
SW Lab
HVAC Lab
JF Office
Monitoring Locations
Level 2Cleanroom
WC411
Exec Suite
Accounting
Machine Shop
Level 1
4X Model 7301
2X Model 7301-P
Model 9310-01
2X Model 9110-01
© 2011, TSI Incorporated
Results
Database Main FMS MonitorView Clients
Instrumentation
Corporate LAN
© 2011, TSI Incorporated
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
10000000
100000000
3/10/11 3/11/11 3/12/11 3/13/11 3/14/11 3/15/11 3/16/11 3/17/11 3/18/11 3/19/11
Pa
rtic
le C
on
ce
ntr
ati
on
(#
/ft3
)
Size(s) (μm): 0.5Location(s): TSI CleanroomStart Date: Wednesday 10-Mar-2011End Date: Friday 19-Mar-2011
Results
© 2011, TSI Incorporated
0.3 μm Comparison5 Weeks, 8/16 – 9/20
© 2011, TSI Incorporated
0.3 μm ComparisonSunday 8/22 – Sunday 8/29
© 2011, TSI Incorporated
TSI Machine Shop
0.3 - 5 μm, Sat 10/2/10 – Mon 10/4/10
© 2011, TSI Incorporated
Indoor Source Characterization
Submicron
• Indoor concentration correlates
closely to outdoor concentration
• Human activity increased
concentration by 2X
Supermicron
• Indoor concentration does not
correlate to outdoor concentration
• Human activity increased
concentration by 20X
From Rodes, C. E. and Wiener, R. W. (2001) Indoor aerosols and
exposure assessment. In: Baron P. A. and Willeke K. (eds) Aerosol
Measurement, 2nd ed. Wiley-InterScience, Inc, pp 859-885.
© 2011, TSI Incorporated
Hypothesis
Since we know that:
• Supermicron particles are not transported well through HVAC systems
• Supermicron sources are typically local
• Supermicron residence time is short (~5 min @ 1 m height for 5 µm
Fe2O3)
It follows that:
• Supermicron concentrations will correlate with human activities in
indoor spaces
• Information about human activities can be gained from monitoring
supermicron particle concentration in indoor spaces
© 2011, TSI Incorporated
Size(s) (μm): 0.3, 5.0Location(s): AccountingStart Date: Monday 16-Aug-2010End Date: Monday 20-Sep-2010
Results: Supermicron vs. Submicron
© 2011, TSI Incorporated
Labor Day
Size(s) (μm): 5.0Location(s): Eng East, AccountingStart Date: Monday 16-Aug-2010End Date: Monday 20-Sep-2010
5 µm Weekly Trends
© 2011, TSI Incorporated
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
0:00 3:00 6:00 9:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00 0:00 3:00 6:00
pa
rtic
les
/ft3
Employee A 5:38 AM
Employee B 6:09 AM
Employee C 6:26 AM
Employee D 6:26 AM
Employee E 8:03 AM Employee E 5:21 PM
Employee A 5:39 AM
Size(s) (μm): 5.0Location(s): JF OfficeStart Date: Thursday 16-Sep-2010End Date: Friday 17-Sep-2010
5 µm Daily Trends
© 2011, TSI Incorporated
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
0:00 3:00 6:00 9:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00 0:00 3:00 6:00
# o
f P
eo
ple
in
En
g E
as
t
pa
rtic
les
/ft3
JF Cube 5.0 Micron
Key Card Data
Size(s) (μm): 5.0Location(s): JF OfficeStart Date: Thursday 16-Sep-2010End Date: Friday 17-Sep-2010
Verification using Key Card Data
© 2011, TSI Incorporated
18:18:0819:42:18
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3:00 AM 6:00 AM 9:00 AM 12:00 PM 3:00 PM 6:00 PM 9:00 PM 12:00 AM 3:00 AM 6:00 AM
Pa
rtic
le C
on
ce
ntr
ati
on
(#
/ft3
)
2010-OCT-11 19:38:092010-OCT-11 18:15:06
Size(s) (μm): 5.0Location(s): JF OfficeStart Date: Monday 11-Oct-2010End Date: Tuesday 12-Oct-2010
Verification using Camera
© 2011, TSI Incorporated
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00
Pa
rtic
le C
on
ce
ntr
ati
on
(#
/ft3
)
Time
Eng East
JF Office
Size(s) (μm): 5.0Location(s): Eng East, JF OfficeStart Date: Sunday 19-Sep-2010End Date: Sunday 19-Sep-2010
Employee C 9:46 – 10:16
Sensitivity Analysis: Weekend Monitoring
Employee E 8:03 – 8:04
© 2011, TSI Incorporated
Size(s) (μm): 5.0Location(s): Various (10 locations)Start Date: Sunday 19-Sep-2010End Date: Sunday 19-Sep-2010
Sensitivity Analysis: Weekend Monitoring
0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00
MS
HVAC Lab
WC411
SW Lab
SE Lab
NW Lab
NE Lab
Acctg
JF Office
Eng East
Employee E 7:59 – 8:10
Carp
et
Tile
or
Lin
ole
um
© 2011, TSI Incorporated
Applications
• Smart HVAC Sensor
– Heat/cool based on state of occupancy (i.e. hotel rooms)
– Ventilate based on air quality (i.e. turkey farm)
• Human Presence Monitor
– Occupancy gauge (restaurants, shopping centers, classrooms, hotel lobbies,
etc) for general monitoring or fire code
– Building intrusion security
– Pre-existing networks (such as those in cleanrooms and government
buildings) could be exploited for monitoring human activity
© 2011, TSI Incorporated
Example SourcesSize(s) (μm): 0.3Location(s): TSI Machine ShopStart Date: Tuesday 5-Oct-2010End Date: Wednesday 6-Oct-2010 CNC Milling Operations
1.0E+03
1.0E+04
1.0E+05
1.0E+06
1.0E+07
1.0E+08
6:00 9:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00 0:00
Pa
rtic
le C
on
ce
ntr
ati
on
(#
/ft3
)
0.3 micron
0.5 micron
1 micron
© 2011, TSI Incorporated
Example Sources
0.0E+00
2.0E+06
4.0E+06
6.0E+06
8.0E+06
1.0E+07
1.2E+07
1.4E+07
1.6E+07
1.8E+07
2.0E+07
8/16/10 0:00 8/16/10 12:00 8/17/10 0:00 8/17/10 12:00 8/18/10 0:00
Pa
rtic
le C
on
ce
ntr
ati
on
(#
/ft3
)
Size(s) (μm): 0.3Location(s): TSI Machine ShopStart Date: Monday 16-Aug-2010End Date: Wednesday 18-Aug-2010 crock pot 6:15 – 9:15
© 2011, TSI Incorporated
Example SourcesSize(s) (μm): 0.3Location(s): TSI EngineeringStart Date: Tuesday 1-Mar-2011End Date: Wednesday 2-Mar-2011
0.0E+00
2.0E+05
4.0E+05
6.0E+05
8.0E+05
1.0E+06
1.2E+06
1.4E+06
1.6E+06
1.8E+06
2.0E+06
0:00 3:00 6:00 9:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00 0:00
Pa
rtic
le C
on
ce
ntr
ati
on
(#
/ft3
)
Electrical Engineering Lab
ENG-EAST
SouthEast Lab
Soldering Activities
© 2011, TSI Incorporated
Example SourcesSize(s) (μm): 0.3Location(s): TSI EngineeringStart Date: Tuesday 1-Mar-2011End Date: Wednesday 2-Mar-2011
0.0E+00
2.0E+06
4.0E+06
6.0E+06
8.0E+06
1.0E+07
1.2E+07
1.4E+07
11/21 11/22 11/23 11/24 11/25 11/26 11/27 11/28 11/29 11/30 12/1
SE LAB
ENG-EAST
Humidifier
Running
Hard water atomized
© 2011, TSI Incorporated
Conclusions
• A network of OPCs was used to monitor particle concentration in an
indoor workplace environment
• Supermicron concentration correlated to human activity
– Clear relationship between specific activities and particle events
– Quantitative information was obtained
– Capable of detecting a single person passing within 20 ft
– Depends on floor surface (carpet vs. tile), sampling flow rate
– Applications; could be used for more efficient HVAC, building security,
or other human presence monitoring
• Submicron concentration was correlated to workplace sources
– Soldering, machining, heat sources, cleaning activities
© 2011, TSI Incorporated
Future Work
• Expanded Data Analysis Activities
– Relate indoor concentration to outdoor concentration for long-term study
– Cleanroom
• Cost saving initiatives; check effect of changes before/after
• Quantify the effect of weekly cleaning service
• Network Expansion
– DustTrak
– OPS 3330
– CPCs
– Temp/RH Monitoring
© 2011, TSI Incorporated
Thank You For Your Attention
Any Questions?
Jim Farnsworth
(jim.farnsworth@tsi.com)
33
© 2011, TSI Incorporated
Webinar ScheduleApril 7th Emissions from Incinerators and Stacks
by Dr. Carsten Kykal
April 21st Scanning Mobility Particle Sizing: Key Factors for Accuracyby Kathy Erickson
May 5th Using TDMAs to Measure Haze by Tim Johnson
May 19th Electrospray with SMPS (ES+SMPS) for Size Measurements of Nanoparticles Suspended in Liquids by Dr. Stan Kaufman
June 23rd Indoor Exposure to Ultrafine Particles: Sources and Measurements by Dr. Lance Wallace
• Size resolution <5% at 0.5m
• User adjustable size channels
• Size range: 0.3 – 10m in up to
16 channels
• Wide concentration range
from 0 to 3000 particles/cm3
• Fully compliant with ISO
21501-01/04
Optical Particle Sizer Model 3330
TSI PARTICLE NEWS
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New WCPC’s Models 3787 & 3788
• 2.5nm detection
• Single particle counting to
4x105 particles/cm3
• <100 ms rise-time response
w/ 42 ms time constant
(fastest CPC available)
• Convenient, eco-friendly water
as working fluid Model 3788