Post on 14-May-2020
Evolution de l’analyse spectrale
Et de la génération de signaux RF
Présenté par:
Erwàn Lecomte
Responsable Marketing
Analyse de Signaux
Agenda
• Rappels: qu’est-ce que l’analyse spectrale? Mesures disponibles.
• Bloc diagramme traditionnel
• Evolutions des nouveaux analyseurs de spectres et bénéfices
• Nouvelles possibilités offertes
EXAX-Series
Pric
e MXAX-Series Mid Performance 20 Hz to 26 GHz
PSAMarket Leading Performance 3 Hz to 50 GHz
8560ECSeries
Super mid-performance
New backwards CC
with 856x
option on X-Series
Sep 06
Sep 07
Sep 08
Gamme Agilent
X-Series Economy class9KHz to 26 GHz
CSALow cost portable 100 kHz to 6 GHz
N9320BBasic performance, Benchtop
Performance
ESAWorld’s Most Popular 100 Hz to 26 GHz
N9340B Hand Held
89600 VSA SoftwareWorld’s best analysis & troubleshooting
Apr 08
Sep 08
OverviewWhat is Signal, Vector and Spectrum Analysis?Qu’est-ce que l’analyse spectrale?
•Display and measure amplitude versus frequency for RF & MW signals
•Separate or demodulate complex signals into their base components (sine waves)
Amplitude
(power)
Domaine fréquentiel / domaine temporel
Time domain
Measurements(Oscilloscope)
Frequency Domain
Measurements(Spectrum Analyzer)
Parallel filters measured
simultaneously
LCD shows full
spectral display
A
FFT Analyzer
Les Analyseurs FFT et « Swept »
spectral display
ff1 f2
A
Filter 'sweeps' over range of
interest
LCD shows full
spectral display
Swept Analyzer
Les Analyseurs FFT et « Swept »
ff1 f2
spectral display
• Frequency, power, modulation, distortion & noise– Spectrum monitoring– Spurious emissions– Scalar network analysis– Noise figure & phase noise– Harmonic & intermodulation distortion– Analog, digital, burst & pulsed RF Modulation– Wide bandwidth vector analysis– Electromagnetic interference
ModulationModulation
Mesures disponibles.
– Electromagnetic interference
DistortionDistortion
NoiseNoise
Spur SearchSpur Search
Agenda
• Rappels: qu’est-ce que l’analyse spectrale? Mesures disponibles.
• Bloc Diagramme traditionnel
• Evolutions des nouveaux analyseurs de spectres et bénéfices
• Nouvelles possibilités offertes
Theory of OperationSwept Spectrum Analyzer Block Diagram
Pre-Selector
Or Low Pass
Input Filter
Log
Amp
RF input
attenuator
mixer
IF filter
(RBW)envelope
detector
video
filter
IF gain
Input
signal
Schéma Analyseur de spectre traditionnel.
Input Filter
Crystal
Reference
Oscillator
filterlocal
oscillator
sweep
generator
ADC, Display
& Video
Processing
Theory of OperationMixer
MIXER
Mélangeur
fsig
LOf
fsig LO
f
LOf f
sig- LOf f
sig+RF
LO
IF
1.5 GHz
3,6 GHz 6.5 GHz
Positive detection: largest value
Digitally Implemented Detection Types
Envelope
Detector
ADC, Display &
Video Processing
Les différents types de détetcteurs
Negative detection: smallest value
in bin displayed
Positive detection: largest value
in bin displayed
Sample detection: middle value in bin
displayed
bins/buckets*
Other Detectors: Normal (Rosenfell),
Average (RMS Power)
*Sweep points
• Video Filter operates as the sweep
progresses, sweep time may be required to
Video Filter
ADC, Display &
Video Processing
Filtre Video ou Moyennage
progresses, sweep time may be required to
slow down by the transient response of the
VBW filter.
• Trace/Video Average takes multiple
sweeps, sweep time for each sweep is not
affected
•Many signals give the same results with
either video filtering or trace averagingTrace averaging for 1, 5, 20, and 100 sweeps, top to
bottom (trace position offset for each set of sweeps)
LCD Display, ADC
& Video processing
SWEEP
GEN
LO
RF INPUT
Autres composants
& Video processing
IF GAINRF INPUT
ATTENUATOR
(GHz)
0 3 61 2 4 5
0 31 2
3.6 GHz
f
Signal Range LO Range
input
mixer
IF filter
detector
fs
fs
fs
fLO-
fs
fLO
+fLO
3.6 6.5
Fonctionnement général
3.6
(GHz)3 64 5
(GHz)0 31 2
fIF
sweep generator
LO
LCD display
A
f
fLO
6.5
8563ASPECTRUM ANALYZER 9 kHz - 26.5 GHz
• Frequency Range
• Accuracy: Frequency & Amplitude
Spécifications importantes
• Accuracy: Frequency & Amplitude
• Resolution
• Sensitivity
• Distortion
• Dynamic Range
Agenda
• Rappels: qu’est-ce que l’analyse spectrale? Mesures disponibles.
• Boc diagramme traditionnel
• Evolutions des nouveaux analyseurs de spectres et bénéfices
• Nouvelles possibilités offertes
Agenda
• Rappels: qu’est-ce que l’analyse spectrale? Mesures disponibles.
• Bloc diagramme traditionnel
• Evolutions des nouveaux analyseurs de spectres et bénéfices
• Nouvelles possibilités offertes
YIGADC
Analog IF
FilterDigital IF Filter
Digital Log Amp
Digital Detectors
FFT
Swept vs . FFTAttenuation
Pre-amp
Replaced
Evolution du bloc diagramme.
Replaced
by
RFINPUT
InputAttenuator
0 - 70 dB10dB step
3 - 7 GHz
9kHz - 3GHz
300 MHz3RD LO
21.4 MHz LPF
3GHz - 26.5GHz BPF
1st LO21.4 MHz IF
321.4 MHz IF
LowbandMixer
Analog21.4 MHz BPF
3.05 GHz
LPF
Bloc Diagramme analyseur de spectre « ancien ».
2nd LO3.6G=GHz
300 MHz3.9214 GHz LPF
Mixer
Display
AnalogIF Gains
AnalogDetector
AnalogVideo Filter
ADC
AnalogPre-Filter
(Single Pole)
Digital IF Filters• 160 RBW filters
• 1 Hz to 8 MHz
• ±0.03 dB
switching error
Digital Detectors•Normal
•Peak
•Min
•Sample
FFT
DANL -153dBm
3 to 50 GHz Pre-amp
Improve 1 GHz
to -168dBm
•RMS
•QPD
•Avg
• 4.1:1 Shape factor
• Fast sweep
• EMI RBW’s
Auto Alignment
• Temp & time calibration
Bloc diagramme analyseur de spectre nouvelle génération.
Digitally Synthesized LO
• Fast tuning
• Close-in phase noise
• Far-out phase noise
14 bit ADC• Wider dynamic range
with autoranging
• Dither on/off
Digital Log Amp
• ±0.07 dB Scale Fidelity
• >100 dB Dynamic range
• ±0.0 dB reference level error
FFT vs Swept RBW • Faster Sweep
w/Max DR
Attenuation
2 dB step
to 50 GHz
Frequency Counter
• Fast (0.1s)
• High resolution (mHz)
Digital Video Filters
• Power, voltage,
log filtering
ANALOG FILTER
Typical Selectivity
Analog 15:1
Digital ≤5:1
Meilleure sélectivité des filtres digitaux
DIGITAL FILTER
ANALOG FILTER
SPAN 3 kHzRES BW 100 Hz
Components which contribute to uncertainty are:
• Input mismatch (VSWR)
• RF Input attenuator (Atten. switching uncertainty)
• Mixer and input filter (frequency response)
Précision: fréquence et amplitude
• IF gain/attenuation (reference level accuracy)
• RBW filters (RBW switching uncertainty)
• Log amp (display scale fidelity)
• Reference oscillator (frequency accuracy)
• Calibrator (amplitude accuracy)
PSA vs. Traditional
• Input impedance mismatch ±0.13 ±0.29 dB
• Input attenuator switching uncertainty ±0.18 ±0.6 dB
• Frequency response ±0.38 ±1.8 dB
• Reference level accuracy ±0.0 ±1.0 dB
• RBW switching uncertainty 0.03 0.5 dB
Plus de précision
• RBW switching uncertainty ±0.03 ±0.5 dB
• Display scale fidelity ±0.07 ±0.85 dB
• Calibrator accuracy ±0.24 ±0.34 dB
Total accuracy (up to 3 GHz) ±±±±0.62 dB vs. ±±±±1.8 dB95% Confidence ±±±±0.24 dBTypical ±0.17 dB
Agenda
• Rappels: qu’est-ce que l’analyse spectrale? Mesures disponibles.
• Boc diagramme traditionnel
• Evolutions des nouveaux analyseurs de spectres et bénéfices
• Nouvelles possibilités offertes
Amélioration de l’interface utilisateurSpectrum Analyzer Measurement Application
• Easy signal setup with Auto Tune
• Comprehensive, context-sensitive Help
• Preset, standards-based, 1-button power measurements ( Power Suite )
• PowerSuite
Page 31
power measurements ( Power Suite )
• 12 flexible markers and 6 trace displays
• 40,001 maximum trace points
• Use advanced trace math to manipulate data
Accès facile aux mesures automatiques
PowerSuite
• TOI• Harmonic distortion
• Included in EXA; MXA
• Preset, standards-based, 1-button power measurements
Page 32
• Harmonic distortion• Spurious Emissions• Burst Power• Channel power• ACPR• Occupied Bandwidth• Spectrum Emission Mask• CCDF
L’analyse de signaux vectoriels flexible89600 Vector Signal Analysis Software
• Runs INSIDE EXA/MXA (& PC, scopes, logic analyzers)
Superior modulation analysis tools • Flexible modulation analysis: 30+ modulation types
• Cellular: LTE, WCDMA, TD-SCDMA, GSM….• Wireless networking: WiMax (both), 802.11a/b/g & n• Wireless networking: WiMax (both), 802.11a/b/g & n• Other: RFID, WiMedia (UWB)• Now with up to 256 Msa of deep capture memory!
Excellent time domain tools• Time traces & markers for pulse analysis• Signal capture with advanced capture playback tools• Time gating & CCDF
Premier spectrum analysis tools• Spectrogram & Overlap processing
Eliminating the Compromise Between Speed
Des plateformes complétement ouvertes et évolutives.
Hardware
Exemple de la « série X »
Page 34Page 34
Eliminating the Compromise Between Speedand Performance
� The industry’s best performance signal analyzer
� The world’s fastest signal and spectrum analysis
� The broadest set of demodulation capabilities
� The most advanced signal analyzer user interface and connectivity
MeasurementApplications
2006 Introduction
W-CDMA
GSM/EDGE
HSDPA/HSUPA
30 to 300%Faster than
any
Page 35
Technology Breakthrough
Mobile WiMAX
IQ Analyzer89601A
MXA Mid PerformanceX-Series Platform
• All Digital IF provides uncompromised accuracy and sensitivity • 26 GHz preamplifiers provide 78 dBc dynamic range• 1st signal analyzer with modern connectivity USB 2.0, 1 00 bT LAN• Open Windows XP
anySignal Analyzer
MeasurementApplications
2006 2007
cdma2000
TD-SCDMA
Noise Figure
W-CDMA
Mobile WiMAX
GSM/EDGE
HSDPA/HSUPA
Page 36
Technology Breakthrough
Page 36
European Microwave Week, Amsterdam NL
MXA
Phase Noise
Analog Demod
Mid Performance X-Series
IQ Analyzer
89601A
EXA EconomyEconomyXX--SeriesSeries
• All Digital IF• modern connectivity USB 2.0, 100 bT LAN• Open Windows XP
MeasurementApplications
20082006 2007
W-CDMA
Mobile WiMAX
GSM/EDGE
HSDPA/HSUPA
Phase NoiseAnalog Demod
cdma2000TD-SCDMA
Noise Figure
LTEWLAN
BroadestSet of
Applications
Page 37
Technology Breakthrough
Page 37Page 37
MXA
Mid Performance X-Series Economy X-Series
EXA
IQ Analyzer89601A
1xEV-DO
WLAN
UpgradeableUpgradeable40 MHz40 MHzBBIQBBIQ
Applications
• 400 Hz Power Supply• 2-year Calibration Cycle• SCPI-programmable 89601A
20082006 2007
W-CDMA
GSM/EDGE
HSDPA/HSUPA
cdma2000TD-SCDMA
Noise Figure
DVB-T/H
LTE MIMO
DTMB
EDGE Evo
1xEV-DO
LTEWLAN
MoreApplications
MoreCapabilities
Today
Page 38Page 38Page 38
MXA
Mid Performance X-Series Economy X-Series
EXA
Mobile WiMAX
HSDPA/HSUPA
IQ Analyzer
89601A
Φ NoiseAnalog Demod
Noise Figure
40 MHz BBIQ
Capabilities
• EXA 25 MHz Analysis BW• Dual MXA MIMO• Transportable applications
UpgradeableUpgradeableDualDual--CoreCore
CPUCPU
How dual-core CPU improves speed?
Measurement/OperationEXA standard
or MXA (<US/MY4910)
MXA standard (≥US/MY4910)
or EXA w/ Opt PC2Speed advantage
Local measurement and display update rate 11 ms 4 ms 175%
Remote measurement and LAN transfer rate 6 ms 5 ms 120%
5 ms 1.5 ms 233%
Single-core CPU board Dual-core CPU board
Marker peak search 5 ms 1.5 ms 233%Center frequency tune and
transfer (RF) 51 ms 20 ms 155%
Center frequency tune and transfer ( µµµµW) 86 ms 47 ms 83%
Measurement/mode switching 75 ms 39 ms 92%
• Single-core: 1.6 GHz/2 GB RAM vs. Dual-core CPU: 2.0 GHz/4 GB RAM
• By directly replace the single-core with dual core, up to 3x speed improvements are achieved
• Programming codes are not optimized for the dual-core yet- more potential for speed improvement
Transportable (TP) Licensing X-Series Signal Analyze rsMeasurement Applications
• Move app licenses between any MXA and/or EXA units!
• Only license the apps the project requires!• Pricing: 30% premium to fixed perpetual
application price
• Requires communication with Agilent
source SA target SA
.url file .lic file
1
2
3
Typical Configuration
USB Memory USB Memory
SA_335Agilent Restricted
November 3, 2008Page 40
• Requires communication with Agilent server for check in/out of license
• 10 transports per month per app• Transportable licenses require initial
redemption, not factory loaded• Exception:
• N9061A – Remote language Compatibility Application
• 89601X - VXA
Agilent Software License (ASL) server
Internet
Easy 3 steps to transport1. Transport out by copying an URL from the
source SA to your USB memory.2. Get the new license from the web using the
URL on your PC.3. Feed the new .lic file into the target SA using
USB memory.
1
2
3
Back End
N5182A MXG
RFRF
N5181A MXG
RFRF
A portfolio of signal generation solutions
VectorAnalog
Basic & Mid-performance
MW
N5183A MXGNew price/performance point with fast frequency switching
N5162A MXG ATEN5161A MXG ATE
E8257D PSGHigh power,
low phase noise
MW
E8663BBest close-in phase noise
E4428C ESG
RF
High spectral purityE8267D PSG
Agilent INNOVATIONfirst vector modulation at MW
MW
E4438C ESGReal-time BBG, BERT,
digital I/Q
RFRF
High performance
High reliability, high power,and fast switching speeds
Fast switching speeds, low ACPR, high power and high
reliability
N5162A MXG ATEN5161A MXG ATE
Agilent Signal Generators: Past, Present and Future - Sept. 2008 Page 42
Agilent MXG RF Signal GeneratorsKey ContributionsKey Contributions
•Performance optimized for manufacturing• Small size: 2 RU
• Reliability & self-maintenance• Electronic attenuator
• Simplified design
• Signal Studio software
analog
vector
ATE
Key SpecificationsKey Specifications• High output power performance
• Up to 6 GHz
• Fastest switching speed
• Best ACPR & EVM
• 100 MHz BBG RF BW
• 160 MHz I/Q mod RF BW
• 64/100 MSa playback/storage memory
•MIMO configurations
• RF phase coherency
• Signal Studio software• 3GPP W-CDMA
• TD-SCDMA
• GSM/EDGE/EGPRS2 (EDGE Evolution)
• 3GPP2 CDMA
• 802.11 WLAN
• 802.16 WiMAX
• 3GPP LTE
• Digital Video/Audio
• Bluetooth
• Connectivity• LXI class C compliant
• 100bT, USB, GPIB
• FTP file transfer
• Code compatibility
ATEanalog or vector
Agilent Signal Generators: Past, Present and Future - Sept. 2008 Page 43
Agilent MXG Microwave Analog Signal Generator
Performance Specs:Performance Specs:
Key ContributionsKey Contributions
•20 - 25 % Reduction in Price vs. PSG
•2 U Rack Height
•50 % reduction In size vs. PSG
•37 % reduction in weight vs. PSG
•Lower Cost of Ownership
N5183A MXGNew price/performance point,
fast switching
U2002A
Performance Specs:Performance Specs:• Frequency options 20 GHz, 31.8 GHz, and 40 GHz
• Fast Frequency Switching < 1ms (750us typical.)
in list mode
• Amplitude Switching < 2 ms typical
• +15 dBm optional power < 3.2 GHz
• +18 dBm optional power 3.2 GHz to 20 GHz
• ± 0.8 dB amplitude Accuracy @ 10 dBm
• Typical 10 GHz Phase noise of -98 dBc/Hz @ 20
kHz offset
• Flexible frequency reference input 1 MHz to 50
MHz
•Lower Cost of Ownership
•2 year calibration cycle• Simplified self maintenance strategy
• USB Power Meter for user flatness
corrections to a test interface
• Connectivity• 100 BT LAN, USB, GPIB
• Code compatibility with legacy signal
generators
• 8360, 8340, 837XX, 8662/3
Agilent Signal Generators: Past, Present and Future - Sept. 2008 Page 44
Agilent ESG Signal GeneratorsKey ContributionsKey Contributions
•The benchmark reference signal in R&D• Advanced baseband generator
• Flexible arbitrary waveform generator
• Sophisticated real-time I/Q generator
• Fading with Baseband Studio
• Digital I/Q inputs and outputs
• Signal Studio software
analog
vector
Key SpecificationsKey Specifications• Up to 6 GHz
• Low phase noise
• High output power
• 80 MHz BBG RF BW
• 160 MHz I/Q mod RF BW
• 64/1200 MSa playback/storage memory
• Signal Studio software• Over 50 formats and signal types supported
• 3GPP W-CDMA
• TD-SCDMA
• GSM/EDGE/EGPRS2 (EDGE evolution)
• 3GPP2 CDMA
• 802.11 WLAN
• 802.16 WiMAX
• 3GPP LTE
• Digital Video/Audio
• Bluetooth
• GPS
• Connectivity• 10bT, GPIB
• FTP file transfer
• Code compatibilityAgilent Signal Generators: Past, Present and Future - Sept. 2008 Page 45
Agilent PSG Signal Generators
Key ContributionsKey Contributions
•Advanced microwave signal simulation• Advanced baseband generator
• Flexible arbitrary waveform generator
• Sophisticated real-time I/Q generator
• Fading with Baseband Studio
• Digital I/Q inputs and outputs
analog
vector
Key SpecificationsKey Specifications• Up to 44 GHz (vector) or 67 GHz (analog)
• Extensions to 325 GHz (OML mm-wave modules)
• Industry leading low phase noise
• High output power
• 80 MHz BBG RF BW
• 2 GHz I/Q mod RF BW
• 64/1200 MSa playback/storage memory
• Digital I/Q inputs and outputs
• Signal Studio software• Pulse building
• Enhanced multi-tone & NPR
• MB-OFDM UWB
• 802.11 WLAN
• 802.16 WiMAX
• Digital Video
• Connectivity• 10bT, GPIB
• FTP file transfer
• Code compatibility
vector
Agilent Signal Generators: Past, Present and Future - Sept. 2008 Page 46
• First to market track record • Broadest application coverage
Make complex signal simulation easy
Signal Creation – Signal Studio & Embedded SWMXGMXG
ESGESG
PSGPSG
• First to market track record- recognized benchmark reference signal
• Compatible with the market leader – MXG, ESG, & PSG vector signal generators
• Broadest application coverage- over 50 formats & signal types supported
• Fully and partially coded signals - component & receiver test applications
• MIMO applications for 3GPP LTE, WLAN 802.11 n and 802.16 WiMAX mobile• Easy-to-use
- application specific PC GUI or menu driven embedded UI
• Flexible signal creation- modify signal parameters & add impairments or corrections
• Ready for automation - most have API or SCPI
• Validated and performance optimized- by Agilent product and application experts
• Optimal creation techniques - real-time & ARB waveform signal creation
• Baseband, RF, & MW signals – calibrated digital & analog I/Q & RF/MW test signals
Agilent Signal Generators: Past, Present and Future - Sept. 2008 Page 47
3GPP W-CDMA
HSPA
HSPA+HSPA+Distortion Test-
Enhanced Multitone
and NPR
Multitone
Jitter Injection
Digital, RF, & MW Fading
S-DMB
T-DMB
DVB-T/H/C/S
ISDB-T
DTMB
ATSC
DVBDVB--S2S2
J.83 Annex BJ.83 Annex B
CMMBCMMB
Bluetooth V2.1+EDRBluetooth V2.1+EDR
LLow Energyow Energy
802.16d Fixed WiMAX
802.15 MB-OFDM UWB
802.16e Mobile WiMAX Pulse Building
GPS multiGPS multi--satellitesatellite
3GPP W-CDMA
TD-SCDMA
CPRI BTS802.11 WLAN
(a/b/g/p/j/n )
Toolkit
LTE
Agilent Signal Studio & Embedded SWApplication Portfolio
New
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MIMO AppMIMO APP
MIMO AppMIMO APP
MIMO AppMIMO APP
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UPDATE
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Cellular
Communications
Wireless
Connectivity
General
RF/MicrowaveDetection, Positioning
Tracking & Navigation
Audio/Video
Broadcasting
Multitone
Calibrated AWGN
Custom Modulation
S-DMB
Real-Time TDMA:
GSM/EDGE
GPRS/EGPRS
NADC
PDC/PHS
DECT/TETRA
CDMA2000 & IS-95-A
CDMA2000 & 1xEV-DV
ARB TDMA:
GSM/EDGE
NADC
PDC/PHS
DECT/TETRA
APCO
PWT
CDPD
(a/b/g/p/j/n )
Signal Studio Application
Embedded SW Application
GSM/EDGE/EGPRS2EGPRS2
FM / RDS / RDBSFM / RDS / RDBS
mono & stereomono & stereo
New
Q4 07
Phase Noise Impairments
N5182A MXG
RF Signal Generator
E4438C ESG
RF Signal Generator
E8257D PSG
uW Signal Generator
N8300AN8300A
Wireless TestsetWireless Testset
16800/1690016800/16900
Logic Analyzer (digRF V3)Logic Analyzer (digRF V3)
New
Q4 07
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Q4 07
New Feb 08
N5162A MXG ATEN5162A MXG ATE
RF Signal GeneratorRF Signal Generator
Waveform LicensingWaveform Licensing
Fixed, perpetual
Transportable, perpetual
14 day trial
Fixed, time-base
New
Q3 07
New
Q3 08
Signal Studio
Platforms
Signal Studio
Licensing
Agilent Signal Generators: Past, Present and Future - Sept. 2008 Page 48