Instructor: Ph.D Doan Hue Dung

Group 3: Nguyễn Giang TrúcĐinh Thị Ngọc Yến Trang

Nguyễn Huyền TrâmCao Kỳ Bảo TrânNguyễn Thị Thêm

Bùi Duy Khang

1.The French Revolution

2. The Industrial Revolution

The French Revolution• Began in 1789 and ended in the late 1790s • Causes: The irresponsibility and extravagant spending by King

Louis XVI (1754-1793) bankruptcy

The influence from Enlightenment ideals: individual liberty in opposition to an absolute monarchy

abolish the feudalism and establish a republic

Divided into two stage

+ 1789 – beginning of 1793: The successful stage

+ 1793 – late 1790s: The violent and turbulent phase

The first stage + July 14, 1789 (Bastille Day): rioters stormed the Bastille fortress, starting the French Revolution. + Eliminating the aristocracy + On August 4, the adoption of the Declaration of the Rights of Man (influenced by American Declaration of Independence, having 17 articles) + January 21, 1793: King Louis XVI ‘s execution (sent him to the guillotine) A majority of the population (working force) was escaped from oppression for many years.  According to Albert Hancock, in his book The French Revolution and the English Poets: a study in historical criticism, “The French Revolution came, bringing with it the promise of a brighter day, the promise of regenerated man and regenerated earth…..”

Romantic poets accept and approve the French Revolution. 

Under the new laws: writers and artists were freedom to express themselves

Romantic poets (such as Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron): wrote works for and about the working man

Influence on Writers and Literature

The second phase Turn into a bloody power struggle + In 1793, Radical Jacobins seized power from Girondins nominal: the idea of liberty, equality and fraternity

+ However, in fact: Their idea of justice: the execution of opponents The masses little chance to exercise their freedom: as soldiers to fight against France’s enemies.•At the late: General Napoleon Bonaparte + Proclaimed himself Emperor of France in 1804 + Led the French army in an unprecedented conquest of Europe + In 1805, was defeated by Britain at Trafalgar under the command of Admiral Horatio Nelson

The Girondins The Jacobins

 “The greatness of

a man is not measured from his feet to his

head, but from his head to the sky”

Trafalgar Naval Battle Admiral Nelson

Influence on Writers and Literature

Disappointed by the bloody outcome, embraced more conservative ideals Some priciples of literature (Romanticism): pursuit of happiness, human love.......

Use of technologyManual works

Agricultural Industrial

Traditional world Modern world

Positive effects

=> A leading country, hold an important role in the world

Negative impacts City: overcrowded and dirty “Mushroom towns”Working Conditions: unsafe, unsanitary and inhumaneTime work: 12 or 14 hours/dayNo vote Child labor

Luddite Riots

Changes in Themes The Romantic movement: against industrialization

and mechanizationWilliam Blake (The Chimney Sweepers): portray the misery of a child labor Charles Dickens ( Hard Time): the poverty and the harsh life of the working classJane Eyre (Wuthering Heights ): the beauty of the nature was destroyed by mechanical devices.

Changes in LanguageBefore 18th century• Divine works of arts• Written by the

aristocracy

In 18th century: the industrial revolution• The voice of common people

 ConclusionIndustrial Revolution has significant influence on the themes and language of literary works.

• Popular form: poetry• Form: essays, fiction, and poetry• Express thought and feeling • The language : vernacular

Causes Of The Romantic Period

• People had time to appreciate the arts

• Wealthy patrons were no longer needed to support artists

• Failure of The Enlightenment gave way to a new type of thinking

I don’t need a reason to cry

EMOTION

• Trends was a new appreciation of the medieval romance.

The Romantic

a tale or ballad of

chivalric adventure

on individual heroism

on the exotic

& the mysterious

the elegantformality artificiality

Classical forms of

literature

emphasised

the “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings”

Nationalism The second phase of Romanticism (1805 - 1830s)

• was marked by a quickening of cultural nationalism and a new attention to national origins.

Nationalism The second phase of Romanticism (1805 - 1830s)

• English Romantic poetry had reached its zenith in the works.

Percy Bysshe Shelley John Keats Lord Byron

Individualism• Greater importance on intuition,

instincts, and feelings

• The artist has become the hero

Individualism

Poets of the Romantic Poem

The Romantic poets showed their interests in imagination, individual personality, liberty, nature,

children and simply people

Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834)

+English lyrical poet, critic, and philosopher

+The leader of Romantic poetry

1791:Begins UniversityColeridge enrolls at Cambridge University as a member

of Jesuit College. He arrives just after William Wordsworth graduates.

1795Coleridge marries Sara Fricker, the sister of Robert Southey's fiancée. Their marriage turns out to be an unsuccessful and

unhappy one

1796 In December the family moves to Nether

Stowey in the Lake District. 1797

Meets Wordsworth.From it resulted Lyrical Ballads, which opened with

Coleridge's "Rime of the Ancient Mariner" and ended with Wordsworth's "Tintern Abbey".

2. Main works 1798 The Rime of the Ancient Mariner1816 Christabel , an unfinished narrative poem.1816the dreamlike poem Kubla khan , composed under the influence of opium.1817Biographia Literaria

Coleridge’s poetry+Content supernatural characters+AimTo give them a semblame (aspect) of the truth+Style: Archaic language rich in sound devices +Main interestThe creative power of imagination

The Rime of the Ancient Mariner is the longest major poem by the English poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and published in 1798 in the first edition of Lyrical 

Ballads

1834Coleridge dies at the Gillman home of heart and lung

problems. He is buried in the aisle of St. Michael's Church in Highgate

George Gordon Byron (1788 – 1824)

known simply as Lord Byron

1808 Byron receives his degree from Cambridge.

In 1809, he went on a two-year-long voyage to Europe and returned home in 1811

In 1812, Byron pulished the first two parts of his major work “Child harold’s Pilgrimage in which he described

his journey to foreign lands

Child harold’s Pilgrimage

Childe Harold's Pilgrimage, Cantos I & II (1812)The Giaour (1813) The Corsair (1814)

The Prisoner of Chillon (1816) Darkness (1816)

The Lament of Tasso (1817) Heaven and Earth (1821)The Age of Bronze (1823)

The Island (1823The Deformed Transformed (1824)

 Don Juan (1819–1824; incomplete on Byron's death in 1824)

DON JUAN is the central work of George Gordon Byron British poet

1824Lord Byron Dies

Byron dies of fever in Missolonghi, Greece at the age of 36. His body is returned to England and he is buried

near Newstead Abbey.

John Keats (1795-1821)

+an English Romantic poet +The poetry of Keats is characterized

by sensual imagery

John Keats foremost Themes

What makes John Keats a Romantic poet“Beauty is truth, truth beauty, – that is all / Ye know on earth,

and all ye need to know“("Ode on a Grecian Urn“)“I have two luxuries to brood over in my walks, your loveliness

and the hour of my death… I hate the world :it batters too much the wrings of my self-will, and would I could take a sweet poison

from your lips to send me out of it”(1818)

Foremost works of John Keats

Poems (1817) Endymion (1818) "Ode on a Grecian Urn" (1819) "Ode to a Nightingale" (1819) "La Belle Dame Sans Merci" (1819) "On Autumn" (1820) Lamia, Isabella, The Eve of St. Agnes, and Other Poems (1820)

1821John Keats dies.John Keats dies of tuberculosis at the age of 25 in Rome. He is buried in the Protestant cemetery.

Born on 7th, April 1770in Lake District

Cockermouth, England

• Education Primary education: his mother taught him to

read and write. Educated at Hawkshead Grammar School. He made his debut as a writer in 1787 when

he published a sonnel in “ The European Magazine”

Received his BA degree in 1791.

• In 1791, he visited France and fell in love with Annette Vallon.

• In 1795, Wordsworth was reunited with his sister, Dothory.

William Dorothy

Coleridge

“ We Were Three Persons In One Soul”

• Produced Lyrical Ballads (1798)

• In 1802, Wordsworth married Mary Hutchinson.

• Started to write a large and philosophical autobiographical poems.

• Received an honorary doctorate in Civil Law from the University of Durham

• Alo received the same degree from the Oxford University.

• In 1842, the government awarded him a civil list pension amounting £300.

• At the age of 80, he died on April 23, 1850.

Themes• Nature

Themes• Nature• The Power of Humand Mind

Themes• Nature• The Power of Humand Mind• Childhood

William Wordsword’s poetic style

Simplicity

Plain-spoken and easy to understand

One summer evening (led by her) I found A little boat tied to a willow tree Within a rocky cove, its usual home. Straight I unloosed her chain, and stepping inPushed from the shore. It was an act of stealthAnd troubled pleasure, nor without the voice

Emotion

Imagination

Emphasis on relationship between man

and nature

Almost always used blank verse

Major works• 387 poems from 1790s to 1850• Including the collection Lyrical

Ballads (1798) with Samuel Taylor Coleridge

• Lyrical Ballads, with Other Poems (1800). This edition contains the famous Preface, the Manifesto of English Romanticism.

• Poems, in Two Volumes (1807). • The Excursion (1814). • The Prelude (1850).

The Prelude (1850)• greatest works ever written

in English Literature• an autobiographical poem

written in 14 sections.• The first version was

written in 1798• Published it three months

after his death in 1850.• Written in blank verse

Extract from The Prelude • One summer evening (led by her) I found

• A little boat tied to a willow tree • Within a rocky cove, its usual home. • Straight I unloosed her chain, and stepping in

360• Pushed from the shore. It was an act of stealth• And troubled pleasure, nor without the voice • Of mountain-echoes did my boat move on; • Leaving behind her still, on either side, • Small circles glittering idly in the moon,

365• Until they melted all into one track • Of sparkling light. But now, like one who rows, • Proud of his skill, to reach a chosen point • With an unswerving line, I fixed my view • Upon the summit of a craggy ridge,

370• The horizon’s utmost boundary; far above • Was nothing but the stars and the grey sky. • She was an elfin pinnace; lustily • I dipped my oars into the silent lake, • And, as I rose upon the stroke, my boat

375• Went heaving through the water like a swan;

When, from behind that craggy steep till then The horizon’s bound, a huge peak, black and huge, As if with voluntary power instinct,Upreared its head. I struck and struck again, 380And growing still in stature the grim shape

Towered up between me and the stars, and still, For so it seemed, with purpose of its own And measured motion like a living thing, Strode after me. With trembling oars I turned, 385And through the silent water stole my way

Back to the covert of the willow tree; There in her mooring-place I left my bark, – And through the meadows homeward went, in grave And serious mood; but after I had seen

390That spectacle, for many days, my brain

Worked with a dim and undetermined sense Of unknown modes of being; o’er my thoughts There hung a darkness, call it solitude Or blank desertion. No familiar shapes

395Remained, no pleasant images of trees,

Of sea or sky, no colours of green fields; But huge and mighty forms, that do not live Like living men, moved slowly through the mind 400By day, and were a trouble to my dreams.

Structure: There are three main sections in the extract .

In the first section the tone is light and carefree. The scene is bucolic and the poet employs

pretty, pastoral imagery

In the second section , there is a volta, or distinct change in mood. The tone becomes darker and more fearful

In the final section, the narrator reflects on how the experience

has changed him

themes