Post on 02-Jun-2018
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LJL@YQ@ YLTTJLQEIL @KQ\GO
?.) BQ (Bvlejm` vl @krugo @ovrogjor @krugoioe Al`jlele zljjm`jlr)1.) LJL@YQ@ LELQH TTYLGJLQ- QLYG-JLYG-IOMYMG-]@ IXBLJLQ4.) IOMYMG LAL@LJLQ (YY, YE, MY)9.) YOEMGJOQ (OB, ...B^IL,....\E, ME,...).) COYO O@MGMEME LY@JLQ2.) @KQ\GO ]EYLGJLQ IQL@Y YLGOTO @OQM LEIQL@Y YLGOTO @OQM YLCJ@LJ I\Q\G EJLEQ
3.) @KQ\GO @@ BLQJG @\JJOEGO@ (TLJ^, VLJ^, NLJ^)=.) @KQ\GO ]OJMYMGM (XOJOT]KE\)
YLCJ@LJ I\Q\G OXOJYMJMQ,?6.) @KQ\GO O]MQGOTM??.) MY LAL@L @\JJOEGO@ (Vktoesmylj ilebljleglsm vl yojtg `ketrkjju)
COYOJM @MTMG IL^QLILE M@OQYMJMQ?1.) COYO O@MGM OQYYMQMJOQO@
YKVQO@JOGO @KQ\GO JLY@LE
?4.) COYO O@MGM JL @KQ\GO@
?9.)
COYO BLQJG JL @KQ\GO@?.) TBKQYOJOQ
LQ]LE YLJJ (A\KEJ\ AMO@JM) YLQG@ OMDM / QJL GOE]LY@ OMDM / QJL @KEYO@YQ KYKGOY@ TBKQYO (B OEOCYOQM)
?2.) TL@KEILQ @KQ\GO?3.) QJLJLQ?=.) OMQM O@MG QJLT
16.) INLQOET]LJ QJL1?.) GLTONL QJLT11.) TDOIO14.) NQL@OET QJLT19.) OMQM BLQJGL @OQM @KQ\GO1.) OMQM BLQJG QJLJLQ
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?. BQ (Bvlejm` @krugo)
Bvlejm` (Tonlty)0 @krugo (Vrktldtmke)
Bvlejm`0 Ikjoyj-Ikjoysz esoe Coyot `krugo, ]oebeo @or @krugo, Dmcoz `krugo lsosjore
amr coto ilvrlsm smstlgotmm mmeil medljlr, ejlgjlrmem syjlr.
@krugo0 ioco k` ljl`trm` dmcozjoree (blelrotr, tronk, mjltmg cott, lmtjm y`jlr va.) zljjm`jlor o`g vl or blrmjmgjlrile `kruegose medljlr vl `krugo dmcozjore toetr.
@krugoioe Al`jlele zljjm`jlr
o.) Bvlemjmrjm` (rljmoamjmty) 8 Ate orzo trjlrmeil kujsuz ojgo sojoegojir.a.) Tlmdmjm` (sljldtmvmty) 8 Orzoee ay`j vl ylrmel brl, smstlgme tg ilmj yojezdo
orzoj `sg ilvrl i `ojgojir.d.) Cz 8 @krugo dmcoz/smstlgm yltlrmedl czj kjgojir
i.) Aosmtjm` vl soiljm` 8 Au dmcozjor, `ujjoeg ylrjlrmel brl mjbmjm/ylt`mjmjlrme oejoyoamjldlmaosmtjm`tl kjgojir.
l.) L`kekgm 8 Dmcoz/smstlg ogodo uybue l`kekgm`jm`tl kjgojir.
1. LJL@YQ@ LELQH TTYLG IXBLJLQ (LAL@LJLQ)
@josm` oejogio ljl`trm` lelrhmsm mjltmg smstlgmem, rltmg-jltmg-Iotg imyl emtljlgl` k` s``orjojoe amr senjogoir.
Ympm` Yl` Cot lgos
Ljl`trm` Lelrhm Tmstlg Amjllejlrm
Y@LYG(]@JLQ)
JLYG IOMYMGQLYG
4 ~
Ble. Aoro? Yrn? Aoro1 Cot Aoro4 Yrn1 Aoro9 ]`
rltmg jltmg Iotg ]`
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Imlr torontoe medljlele iurug vlyo ajblyl brl smstlgm ioco oyretj senjogo` io gg`eir.Iotgg plmeile y`jlrme bljglsm toammimr. ar torontoe llr soildl rltmgjl mjbmjlemjmr msl,mjltmg vl iotg smstlgjlrm amjl y` kjoro` bz eel ojeoamjmrjlr.
Blrmjmg Tlvmyljlrm 8
Ojo` Blrmjmg(Jkw ^kjtobl)
Krto Blrmjmg(Glimug ^kjtobl)
]`sl` Blrmjmg(Cmbc ^kjtobl)
k` ]B(Lxtro C^)
k` k` ]B(\jtro C^)
\e:? `^ ?- ?66 `^ ?66-116 `^ 116-366 `^ 366 `^ : \e
?=6 / ??6 ^ > 4> `^ >> `^ 49< `^ ?666 `^436 / 116 ^ ?43 `^ 966 `^ ?< `^
Ioj lal`l
4 ~
KB Iotg M
KB Iotg MM
OB Iotg
]B jltmg436 `^rltmg
46 `^
46 / 436 `^
436 / 4< `^
4< / 6,9 `^
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Coj`o lal`l (mnt toronj alsjlele cot)
O (Bzj) lal`l
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Iotg Yronkjor, Gkilj
A
Q T Y
O
Q T Y E4> / 6,9 `^
]@
QT
Y
E
\QT
\TY
\YQ
\Q \T \Y
LLT
L
+
+
+ SQ
ST
SY
4> `^
Q
T
Y
966/146 ^
Q
TYE
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Yronk ]jiz Ek`tos ikruioe tkpro`joeoamjmr, lgplioes zlrmeile tkpro`joeoamjmr vlyo tkpro`toemzkjl limjlamjmr
Q
T
Y
E
\QT
\TY
\YQ
\Q \T \Y
@krugo tkpro`jogos jltgl tkpro`jogos Nke`smyketkpro`jogos
@krugotkpro`jogos
QKQY QY
Yroesnkrgotr Voronuir
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4. IOMYMG LAL@LJLQ (YY, YE, MY)
lal`l Tmstlgjlrm ooio`m `sojtgojorjo `oro`tlrmzl limjgl`tlimr8
?.Corn 8 @oyeoe Ykpro`jogo zljjm`jlrmem bstlrgl`tlimr,
Y 8 Amr ek`toee imrl` kjoro` tkpro`joegoseM 8 Yg o`tmn `sgjore Ykpro`toe yojtjgose vlyo amr ek`toee lgplioes zlrmeile
tkpro`joegose slgakjmzl ltgl`tlimr.
1.Corn 8 Ljl`trm` Dmcozee Bvilsmeme Ykpro`jogo `kujjore bstlrgl`tlimr,
Y 8 Bvileme, `oyeoo omt tkpro`jogoioe aogsz amr l`mjil, imrl` kjoro`tkpro`joegose
E 8 Bvileme, imrl` kjoro` mjltglyl omt tkpro`jogo cotteo aojoegose slgakjmzl
ltgl`tlimr.Oyrdo YElal`lil 8
T 8 Etr (E)vl @krugo (VL)cotjor oyrirD 8 Etr (E) vl @krugo (VL) cotjor krto`tr (VLE)
T (slplrotl 8oyr), D (dkggke8krto`), VL (prktldtmke lortc8 `krugo mjlt`lem) E (etr)
mnoil ltgl`tlimr.
J?J1J4
E]ojtjg etr cott
YY TmstlgmTmstlg etr vl dmcozjor oyr oyr tkpro`joeg
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jlt`le `lsmtjlr ?6 gg1 yl lmt vlyo i` kjoe lal`ljlril YE-T smstlg `ujjoego`gldaurmimr.
J?J1J4
EVL
]ojtjg etr cott
YE-T Tmstlgm@krugo vl etr nke`smykejor oyr mjlt`lejlrjl
VLE
YE-D-T Tmstlgm@krugo vl etr nke`smykejor lal`leme amr ajgeil amrjltmrmjgm
J?
J1
J4]ojtjg etr cott
VL
E
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J?
J1
J4
VLE
YE-D Tmstlgm@krugo vl etr nke`smykejor amrjltmrmjgm
J?
J1
J4
E
Qjl
VL
MY TmstlgmTmstlg etr ojtjg vl dmcozjor tk ro joeg
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9. YOEMGJOQ
Ojo` Blrmjmg 8 Lt`me illrm ?`^ ue ojteio kjoe blrmjmgjlrimr
Y`ltmdm Ylsmsm 8 Y`ltmdmjlrm alsjlgl` mme yopjoe ljl`trm` tlsmsjlrmimr
Y`ltmdm 8 Ljl`trm` lelrhmsmem ljl`trm`slj kjogoyoe imlr lelrhm trjlrmellvmrle dmcozjorir.
jltgl orod 8 Ljl`trm` lelrhmsmeile yororjoego` zlrl `ujjoejoe dmcozjorir.
O`tmn @sg 8 jltgl oseioe blrmjmg ojteio aujueoe vl mjltgl o`gilvrlsmel omt sorb, imrle va. mjlt`le `sgjorir. Vosmn`sgjoro `or "mjltgl mzkjosykeu" mjl yojtjgjorir.
Bvil (Vosmn @sg) 8 jltgl orodee clr oe tlgos limjlamjldl` kjoe, o`tmn
`sgjoreioe mjltgl mzkjosykeu mjl oyrjoe no`ot amr mzkjosykecotos skeudu blrmjmg ojteio `ojoamjle goilem vl mjlt`le`sgjorir.
]jiz Ek`tos 8 Clrcoebm amr mjltgl ljlgoeee yjiz aoj sorbjoree krto`ig ek`tosir.
Noz jlt`lem 8 @oyeo`jo t`ltmdmjlrm aojoyoe mjlt`lejlrimr, (Q T Y) vlyo (J?J1 J4) kjoro` bstlrmjmrjlr.
Etr jlt`lem 8 nozj smstlgjlril yjiz e`toieioe `oe mjlt`leimr (E)vlyo (K) cornm mjl bstlrmjmr.
@krugo jlt`lem 8 Dmcozjor tlgos blrmjmgmel `or `krugo` mme, dmcozbviljlrmem mjltgl tkpro`jogoseo aojoyoe mjlt`leimr. (VLE)mjl bstlrmjmr.
Qk
QY
QTYE
Qlnlroes Ykpro`
\Y \C
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Coto Blrmjmgm (\C) 8 Amr bvil `oo (yojtg cotos) kjgos iurugueio, bvil mjlrlnlroes tkpro oroseio kjuoe blrmjmgimr
Ykpro`joyd Blrmjmgm (\L) 8 Amr bvil `oo (yojtg cotos) skeudu tkpro`joydioe amrcoto o`g o`gos iurugueio, tkpro`joyd mjl rlnlroes tkprooroseio kjuoe blrmjmgimr
Ylgos Blrmjmgm (\Y) 8 Coto Blrmjmgmeme mesoe vduiu toroneioe `prjlele `sgir
]lryz Vktoesmyljm () 8 Ykpro`joyd mjl rlnlroes tkpro oroseio`m blrmjmg iojgir
Oig Blrmjmgm (\T) 8 Amr `oo` kjgos iurugueio, ylryz pktoesmyljmeme mesoe(vlyo doej) oyo`jor oroseio `prjlele `sgir
Coto O`g (MC) 8 Amr yojtg cotos skeudueio, bvil, tkpro` vlyo `krugomjlt`lemeile blle o`gir
@oo` O`g 8 Dmcozjore o`tmn `sgjoreioe, mjltgl mzkjosykeu zlrmeilebviljlrmel blle o`gir.
Ykpro`joyd (Ljl`trki0 L) 8 Ykpro`jo mjlt`le amr aojoet `urgo` ogodyjo, tkproobgjle mjlt`le gojzlgljlrimr.
Ykpro`jogo 8 Dmcozjore tkpro`joeodo` kjoe `sgjoree (relme,bviljlrmeme) tkpro`jogo tlsmsm zlrmeile, tkpro` vl mjlt`le
aojoetsee yopjgosir.
Qlnlroes Ykpro
\T
L
\L
16 gltrl
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Ykpro`jogo Ylsmsm 8 Amramrjlrmyjl mjlt`le kjoro` aojoeg kjoe, tkpro`jogo cott,
vorso tkpro`jogo aoros vl tkpro`joydjore togogir.
Ykpro`jogo Cott 8 Ylsmsme vlyo mjltgl orojoree vlyo dmcozjore tpro`joeodo`kjoe ajgjlrmem, tkpro`joyd mjl aojoyoe mjlt`leimr.
Qlnlroes Ykpro 8 Amr tkpro`joydioe yltlrm `oior uzo`j`to aujueoe (yo`jo` 16g) vl ylryz pktoesmyljmeme yltlrmedl `` kjiuu tkpro`
Xlgme 8 jltgl orojoree ylrjltmrmjimm vl mesoejore oyo` aost`jorylrimr. Xlgmejl tkpro` oroseio amr blm imrledm sz `keusukjup au imrle lmtjm no`trjlrl aojir.
]oyjgo (Blm) Imrledm 8 Amr tkpro`joyd mjl rlnlroes tkpro oroseio`m blm imrledmimr.
jltgl Ykpro`jogos 8 jltgl orojoree o`tmn `sgjoree vl etr cottee
tkpro`joegosir
@krugo Ykpro`jogos 8 Amr yojtg cotos iurugueio, mesoejor y`sl` tlgosblrmjmgjlrmel `or `krugo` mme mjltgl orojoreebviljlrmeme tkpro`joegosir
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QYQN 8 Yronk Noz Torbsee Imrledm
QCOY 8 jltmg Cott Imrledm
QB? 8 ]ojtg cotosee kjutuu ylril`m blm imrledm
QB1 8 Orzoj mjltgl orod bvilsm mjl mesoe ljm blm imrledm
Q 8 esoe vduiu imrledm
QB4 8 esoe oyoee aost ylril`m oyo` mjl zlgme oroseio`m blmimrledm
QB9 8 Xlgme mjl blrl` tkpro` oroseio`m blm imrledm
Imrledm (QL) Ykproe imrledm
Imrledm (QO) Orzoj mjltgl orodee zlrmeil iuriuu ojtj` imrledm
Imrledm (QB
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l`mj
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l`mj
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l`mj
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zg ?.
o.)Coto o`g ilvrlsmeil`m imrlejlrme tkpjog0
QYKVJOG 7 QC + Q + QB9 + QkQYKVJOG 7 ? +1666 + ?=3 +? 7 1166 Kcg
Coto o`g0
O?,61166
116
Q
\M
YKVJOG
QC 777
Coto Blrmjmgm 8
\C 7 ( Q + QB9) x MC 7 1?=3 x 6,? 7 1?=,3 ^
Ylgos Blrmjmgm 8
\Y 7 Qx MC 7 1666 x 6,? 7 166 ^
a.)]lem iurugio coto o`g ilvrlsmeil`m imrlejlrme tkpjog0
QYKVJOG 7 QC + (Q + QB9 )// QY + QkQYKVJOG 7 ? +(1666 + ?=3)//6.1 +? 7 ? + 6.1 + ? 7 1.1 Kcg
Coto o`g0
O?661.1
116
Q
\M
YKVJOG
QC 777
Coto Blrmjmgm 8
\C 7 ( Q + QB9)x)// QYx MC 7 6.1x ?66 7 16 ^
Ylgos Blrmjmgm 8
^1,?3161?=3
1666\
Q\ C
9B
Y 77
+7
rel` Vrkajlg 1.)
Ooio l`jm vlrmjle YE-Dlal`lyl aoj dmcozio amr bvil `oo kjgos iurugueio0o-)Coto o`ge, Coto Blrmjmgmem vlYlgos BlrmjmgmemClsopjoyeza-)Bvilym `krugo mjlt`lemel aojoyoe tljme `kpgos iurugueio0 Coto o`ge, CotoBlrmjmgmem vlYlgos BlrmjmgmemClsopjoyez
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zg 1.
Coto o`g ilvrlsmeil`m lillr imrle0
)QQQ//(QQQQ K9BVLE?BCOYYQNYKVJOG ++++7 +
)QQQQ(
)QQQ(x)Q(QQQ
K9BVLE
K9BVLE?BCOYYQNYKVJOG
+++
++++7 +
7+7+7+++
++++7 ?9,6>,6
3,1?==9,1?==x9,6>,6
)9,??=316669,6()9,??=31666(x)9,6(1,69,6QYKVJOG
Coto o`g0
O116?
116
Q
\M
YKVJOG
QC 777
Coto Blrmjmgm 8
\VLE 7 QVLE x MC 7 6,9 x 116 7 33 ^
\VLE7\C+\QK
^3333x9,1?==
1?=3x\
QQQ
QQ\ VLE
K9B
9BC 7
++
+7
Ylgos Blrmjmgm 8
^3633x1?=3
1666x\
Q\ C
9B
Y 7
+7
Ekt 8 vlrmjglyle imrlejlr mcgojlimjldl`tmr !Xlgme mjl dmcoz bvilsm orosojtj` tog yojt`oeir !
\] 8 116 ^QYQN+COY 8 6,9
QB? 8 6,1 Qm 8 1666 QB9 8 ?=3 Qk 8 ?,9 QVLE 8 6,9
VLE
QYQN
Qk
QB9
QTY
QB?
Qm
Xlgme
QC
QVLE
Ykpro` QL
@krugojlt`lem
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Yoajk S. Tmbkrtojore 13 26 ?1616 3> ?
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>. COYO O@MGMEME LY@JLQ
>.?. O`ge Doejjor zlrmel Lt`mjlrm
Doejjor zlrmeile ljl`trm` o`g blglsm skeudu glyioeo bljldl` lt`mjlr o`g ay`jel vl
lt`m srlsmel brl ooio`m toajk vl l`mjil bstlrmjgmtmr.esoe alilemeile blldl` o`ge ay`j, mmeme vdut imrledmel, tlgos ek`tojoreezljjm`jlrmel, o`g blm srlsmel vl ojtlreotmn o`gio nrl`oeso aojir.esoe vdut imrledm, vdut m imrledm, tlgos ek`tojoreio`m blm imrlejlrm vl blelj kjoro` o`gykju zlrmeil`m imlr imrlejlrile kjuur. Au illrjlr `mmjlrl brl k` nor`j illrjlr ojoamjmrjlr.esoe vdutu tkpjog imrledm 1
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>.1. O`ge ]oebe, Votjogo Ylcjm`ljlrm
Amr coto kjugos iurugueio, mesoe ik`uego tlcjm`lsm kjgoso iocm, coto o`g tkpro`jogo vlyo`krugo mjlt`lejlrmeile yo io auejor yk`so lmtjm blm lgplioesjor zlrmeile tkproo amr ykj
aujodo`tr. Blm imrlejlrm zlrmeil kjuodo` s lt`msm yoebe tlcjm`lsmel ykj oor.
Coto o`gee glyioeo bltmrimm lelrhm
R7 Qb.M1.t Rott (Hkujl/s)
kjup , "Qb"blm imrledmem "t" lt`m srlsmem bstlrgl`tlimr. Au lelrhm aljjm amr illrl ujorso"yoebe tlcjm`lsm" kjuoamjmr.
O`ge yoebeo elile kjgos mme le oz >6 R bdl, 6,4 O o`go vl < H (Rs) lelrhmyl mctmyovorir. 116 ^ ju` amr lal`lil sz `keusu illrjlrl brl, le `so lt`m srlsm 34 gs kjoro` aujueur.
Au elilejl coto o`g `lsgl dmcozjoree yltlrmedl cossos vl czj kjgos blrl`mr. Tmbkrto vlyoKtkgotm` Oeoctor bmam or o`g dmcozjor yoebe `krugio yltlrsmz `ojgo`toirjor.
Amr ao`o tlcjm`ljm iurug msl, `` o`g illrjlrm yoeeio ay` o`g illrjlrm mjl kjuodo` amror` iurugueio msl blel ikjoyj yoebe vl potjoyd ajblil amr potjogo tlcjm`lsm sz `keusukjoamjmr.
>.4. Coto O`gee Dmcozjoro Lt`mjlrm
Ekrgoj kjgoyoe ojgo `kujjore kjuturoe coto o`g, dmcozjor mme il skeuto yoebetlcjm`lsmel vorodo` tlcjm`ljm segojor, vlrmg `oya, ojgos izbe kjgoyoe bvlemjglz amr
dmcoz vl skeuto aueue togmrmem blrl`tmrldl` iurug krtoyo `odo`tr.
2.) @KQ\GO ]EYLGJLQ
2.?. IQL@Y YLGOTO @OQM
]opsoj (@kestr`tmn) tliamrjlr ojer. O`to`m tronk vlyo ojt (aojogo) tlsmsjlrmeme lebljjlymdm mt,porgo`j`, iuvor vs mjl oyrjgos, poek bmam iotg ek`tojoreio o`to kjoe doej ajbljlrl lj mjltlgose lebljjleglsm
2.1. LEIQL@Y YLGOTO @OQM
Ylcjm`ljm Iurug ejlemr@krugo @` blrmjmgjlrm `ujjoejr,@krugo yojtg (mzkjosykeu) yopjr
Ylcjm`ljm Iurug Ozojtjr@krugo oyrgos yopjr,MY lal`l `ujjoejr,
Cotoj @sg Ilvrlile `ortjrAuroio lal`leme YY, YE vlyo MY yopio kjgos oyr oyr mriljlegljmimr. Ykpro`jogo vl @krugomjlt`lem `ujjoego` lal`l trel brl oyr elg `ozoer. Aueo brl coto o`g ykjueo slrm amr`krugo dmcoz (smstlgm)0
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Coto o`g orttrjoro` `ujjoejr,Coto o`g `ujjoejr,Coto blrmjmgm `ujjoejr.
3. @krugo @` Blrmjmgjlrm @ujjoejgos
Ljl`trm` orpjgojoreo aoj tlcjm`ljlrm ejlgl` mme k`-i` blrmjmg (LJ^) `ujjoejoe tlsmsjlrglvduttur. Auroio blrmjmg slvmylsm OO kjoro`
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=. @krugo ]ojtg (zkjosykeu)
?6. @krugo Oyrgos
Xlgme
]ojtg
J1J4
E
J?
? Gktkr
4
Xlgme
I]ojtg
436/116
G B
1 vlyo4 utu ju
\gox7116
\gox7436 ^
Q
436/116
TY
E
M7?> O
M7?> O
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@krugo oyrgoj amr smstlg, tl`mj amr y` alsjmykr.
Amrmedm orzo iurugu (noz mjlt`lem tkproo tlgos limykr), oedo` amr coto ilvrlsm kjugoieioe cotoo`g o`gykr
Amrmedm orzo iurugueo mjovltle m`medm orzo iurugu , ayjldl amr coto ilvrlsm kjuuykr vl cotoo`g o`ykr
\lal`l7116 ^ \ 7116 ^ ]`
Ykpro`
M]`
]`\lal`l7116 ^ \ 7116 ^
Ykpro`
?.Coto
M]@
MCOYO76
\lal`l7116 ^ \ 7116 ^ ]`
Ykpro`
?.Coto1.Coto
M]`
MCOYO6
M]@ +MCOYO
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??. MY lal`l
lal`l trjlrm ajgeil oejotjoe au lal`l osjeio `krugo oyrgosee ioco blem amruybujogosir. Dmcozjor tl` tl` tkpro`joeoamjmr vlyo amr `krugo mjlt`lemel aojoeoamjmr. ^l tgsmstlg amr i` lgplioes rjlsm zlrmeile `ketrkj limjmr. Xmro m`medm amr coto iurugueio MY smstlgyo YY yo io YE lal`l cojmel iegl`tlimr.
?1. Coto O`g Orttrjoro` Cotoj @sge Ilvrlile `ortjgos
Ykpro`jogo vlyo @krugo jlt`lem `ujjoejoro` kjuodo` amr coto o`g orttrjro`, or o`gdmcozjor (lrmyle tljjm vlyo ktkgotm` smbkrto, or o`g rjlsm vs) mjl ilvrlym `lsmjmr.
QkQB
QTYE
Ykpro`
@krugojlt`lem
VL
BlmImrlejlrm
QkQB
QTYE
Ykpro`
Ykpro`jogojlt`lem
BlmImrlejlrm
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Yoajk ?1. Tmbkrtojore 13 26 ?1616 3> ?
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]u`orio`m l`mjil YY lal`l mme ooio`m l`mjil msl YE lal`l mme @oo` O`g Qjlsmaojoet lgojor brjgl`tlimr.
@oo` O`g Qjljlrm "Ort` O`g" prlesmam mjl ojt`joreioe ikjoy cotoj aojoet yopjgosiurugueio ojgoyodo`jorir !
QkQB
QT
YE
Ykpro`
@krugojlt`lem
BlmImrlejlrm
@oo` O`gQjlsm
@OQ @OQ
VL
QkQB
QTYVLE
Ykpro`
@krugojlt`lem
IKQ\
BlmImrlejlrm
@oo` O`gQjlsm @OQ @OQ
@krugojlt`lem
COYOJM
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lmtjm Ljl`trm`jm dmcozjorio soptoeoe ekrgoj mzkjosyke o`g glrtlaljlrm
Ljl`trm`jm To @urutudusu 6,< gOLjl`trm`jm Iojirgo Mstd ? gOLjl`trm`jm Mzboro < gOLjl`trm`jm Kdo` ?6 gO
Amjbmsoyor , ]ozd ? 1 gONktk`kpm, No`s 6,< ? gO
O`g ]kju imrledm
77 ?>>2O64,6
^>O4,6
^
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Ljl`trkem` Qjljm @oo` O`g Dmcoz
Dmcoz yorigd amr b `oyeo mjl amrjm`tl ojr. Ykrkmi toroneioe sojoeoe ljl`trm` lelrhmsm,ljl`trkem` poelj toroneioe bjleimrmjmr. Aueo `orj` lal`l blrmjmgmel aogj amr `oyeo`toroneioe alsjlegm kjur. Orzo tlspmtm `lsmdmeme ogoseo elile kjur. Au dmcozjor togogle
aogsz kjoamjmr vlyo `lsmdmeme mmel gketl limjlamjmr.ste oyor imeogm`jlrm alsjlgleme srl`jmjmmem sojor.B illrm el kjurso kjsue ate alsjlgl trjlrmeil `ujjoejoamjle amr zgir.
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@oyeo` 8
cttp8//www.glrjme-blrme.dkg.tr/gb[tr/ntp/at/ljp/lortcjlo`obl[dotojkbul[tr.pin
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Tmbkrtojor,ljl`trm` alsjlgl cotjore vl ljl`trm`jl ojoe dmcozjor or y`jlrl vl `soilvrl o`gjoreo ,auejor `ujjoeoe mesoejor vl `ujjoei`jor mjltgljlrm il c,guctlglj
`ozojoro `or `krugo` ogodyjo `ujjoejoe ljlgoejorir. Tmbkrto , o`g ilvrlsmel slrmaojoer vl zlrmeile oego o`geioe nozjo o`g bltmmeil,stoeiortjordo aljmrjlelesrlil ilvrlym oor.
TBKQYO LYJLQ8
Tmbkrtojor yopjor ao`geioe u l`mjil senjoeirjr.
?-Aukeju smbkrtojor
1-Ao`j ( EC) smbkrtojor
4-@` o`g smbkrtojor ( Dog smbkrtojor)
9-Nmjm smbkrtojor
-ktkgotm` smbkrtojor
Lrmyle Yljjm Tmbkrtojor
Aukeju
Au smbkrto amr bvil vl `opo`toe glyioeo bljmr. Bvilyl blldl` o`g slvmylsmel brl,
mjlt`le tlj vlyo smjmsyugju`ug`keur. @ugue brlvm clrcoebm amr `so ilvrl oeeio, smbkrto
otgos skeudu cosj kjoe, ljl`trm` or`e seirgl`tmr. Auejor lv vl `` mjltgljlril
`ujjoejrjor.
Au smbkrtojor `ujjoejodo ylrjlrl brl zlj l`mjjlril yopjr. \gugmyltjl yojt`oe kjoe dog
vl pkrsljle amr bvil vl au bvileme udo ikru medljle ao toroneio mjlt`le gltoj vl l`slrm
iz kjoe toroneio io mjlt`le amr gltoj aujueur. Au mjlt`le gltojjlr aljjm amr o`go `oiorioyoeodo` amr tlj mjl amrjltmrmjmr. Au tlj dmcoz tocrmp lildl` l`mjil o`g slvmylsm y`sljimm
zogoe, lrmylrl` o`g `lslr, au smbkrtojorio ior u el `oior medl kjurso, or o`g ejlgl
cossosmyltm il k ilrldl nozjo kjur. Tmbkrto bvilsmeme m`m udu oroseio`m uzo`j`, or` yopgoy
ejlyldl` l`mjil uzue yopjgojir. e` m`m ud oroj oz kjurso tlj lrmymedl or` yoporo`
o`g blglyl ilvog lilr. Aueu ejlgl` mme il smbkrtoee `ujjoejodo ylrl brl, m`m u
oros uzue `vrgj vl lmtjm l`mjjlril yopjoamjmr. Auejor l`slrm noarm`ojorio cozr yopjrjor.
A\KEJ\ TBKQYOJOQ
Aukeju smbkrtojor,Bvil,Bvil @opo, Auke ,Auke opo kjgo` zlrl sgioe
glyioeo bljmr
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B^IL
Imp `keto`,st `keto` vl vms`keto` kjgo` zlrl `sgioe glyioeo bljmr.
A\KE
Tmbkrtoee lrmyle tljjlrmem toyoe vl smbkrtoee aoj kjiuu ilvrleme lelrhmsmem `lslrl`tl`ror ilvrlyl bmrglsm mme ylemsm mjl ilmtmrmjglsm blrl`le `sgir. Aukejor,aljmrjmo`g illrjlrm mme yopjrjor vl au illrjlr zlrmeil yozjir. Ilvrlile vl ikjoysyjoauke zlrmeile,yozj illrjlrme zlrmeil o`g bltmmeil lrmylrl` ilvrlym oor.
Auke0 Auke bvilsm, Auke mjlt`lem,`uvortz `ugu,Ojt vl st `opo`jor vlsmeyojpujueioe glyioeo bljmr.
A\KE @OVOM
I `sg pkrsljleile,m `sg prmetle yopjoe auke `opoee,m `sgeio aujueoeakjuo auke keujur vl bvilyl vmiojoeoro` tutturujur.
Aukeju smbkrtojor `ujjoego ylrjlrmel8Iuvor Ympm,Yoajk Ympm,@knrl Ympm,op`oj ( Covocott),@kjke smbkrtojor kjgo` zlrl al ilmm` l`mjil mgoj limjmr.
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Imozli Nusls, dkggkejy dojjli "Akttjl" Nusls, orl ovomjoajl me nmvl smzls, EItk 1< Ogps, IMM tk 1< Ogps, IMMM tk >4 Ogps, IM^* tk ?66 Ogps oei I^ * tk 166Ogps. Nusl oddlsskrmls orl smzli tk gotdc tclsl nmvl smzls. Lodc smzl nuslakiy cos o imnnlrlet imogltlr tk nmt kejy metk tcl opprkprmotl Tdrlw Dop oeiNusl Aosl.
Ojsk, tcl nusl tmps covl imnnlrlet imogltlrs, ilpleimeb ke tclmr durrlet rotmeb.Ycl imogltlr kn tcl tmp gotdcls tcl imogltlr kn tcl ckjl me tcl Oioptlr Tdrlwtk mesurl tcot ek nusl wmtc o cmbclr rotmeb tcoe metleili nkr tcl dmrdumt doe al
mestojjli. Ycms prlvlets iogobl tk tcl dmrdumt kr lqumpglet tcl nusl prktldts.
Oiimtmkeojjy, nusls oei Oioptlr Tdrlws orl dkjkr dkili tk ovkmi gmsgotdcmeb0nkr lxogpjl8 ?6 Ogp Imozli nusls covl rli pkp-kut meimdotkrs ke tclmr cloi,gotdcmeb tcl rli rmeb kn tcl ?6 Ogp Oioptlr Tdrlw. Rcle o Imozli nusl cosajkwe, tcl dkjkr dkili meimdotkr ke tcl cloi kn tcl nusl wmjj pkp kut, bmvmebvmsmajl meimdotmke tcrkubc o bjoss wmeikw me tcl Tdrlw Dop.
Ycl Nusl ms clji me pjodl ay tcl Tdrlw Dop, wcmdc ms sdrlwli metk tcl NuslAosl. Imozli Nusl Aosls orl ovomjoajl me kel oei tcrll pkjl ilsmbes. NuslAosls doe al poelj gkuetli kr seoppli ketk o stoeiori 4
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Yypmdoj Gor`mebs.- \troQopmi , Tmjzli , Qldtmdur, bQ,
Ao`j
^miojoeoamjle tmptl`m smbkrtojorio ?66 ogplrile ay` illrjm aukejor,`ujjoegozkrjuu elilemyjl vl tl`em` ao`gioe ujjoejgogo`toir. Aueue ylrmel,ay`illril`m o`gjor `lsgl` mme Ao`j smbkrto vlyo EC smbkrto ilemjle auke`keto`jor ao` l`jmeil yopjg smbkrtojor `ujjoejr.
EC nusls orl typmdojjy usli nkr imstrmautmke oppjmdotmkes oei tk jorbl ljldtrmdojilvmdls sudc os gktkrs, irmvls, ltd. Ycly orl ovomjoajl me slvle smzls wmtc odurrlet roebl kn 4 tk ?>66 Ogps.
EC nusls covl `emnl ajoils ot aktc leis , wcmdc gkuet metk kel kr tcrll pkjlNusl Aosls. Nusl Aosls doe al poelj kr IME romj gkuetli.
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Kplrotmeb Djossls bJ/bB - Jmel Vrktldtmke Tjkw, typmdojjy usli nkr imstrmautmkedmrdumts kr rlsmstmvl jkois.
Yypmdoj Gor`mebs8 bj/bB
oG - Gktkr Vrktldtmke Nost odtmeb sckrt dmrdumt prktldtmke, aut sjkw odtmebkvlrjkoi prktldtmke. Yypmdoj Gor`mebs8 oG
oQ - Tlgmdkeiudtkr Vrktldtmke Vortmoj roebl, sckrt dmrdumt prktldtmke nkrilvmdls sudc os imkils, TDQT, ltd.
Yypmdoj Gor`mebs8 \jtro Qopmi , Tmjdu , Tmtkr , Qldtmdur ,Vrktmstkr , oQ,
bQ - Tlgmdkeiudtkr Vrktldtmke Nujj roebl kvlrjkoi oei sckrt dmrdumt prktldtmke
nkr ilvmdls sudc os imkils, TDQT, ltd.
Yypmdoj Gor`mebs8 \jtro Qopmi , Tmjdu , Tmtkr , Qldtmdur , Vrktmstkr , bQ,
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cttp8//www.gepglg.bkv.tr/`ugoeio/Osmrmo`mg.ctg
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1.OMQM O@MG QJLJLQ8
Osle`rke gktkrjore ekgmeoj l`glsm blrl`le o`ge steil o`gl`gljlrm cojmeil gktkrue ilvrl i `ojgos mstlemr.Or o`g rjljlrmilvrlyl slrm aojoei`jor mme gktkro bmile lelrhmym `lslrl` gktkrueyoegoseo goem kjurjor.
Osle`rke gktkrue ojgos lseoseio `so amr srl mme gktkr o`gekrgoj illrme zlrmel `orso au or o`g gktkro zoror vlrglz.Oro`ge gktkrioe srl`jm kjoro` blglsm sorbjore yoegoseo elilekjur.e` srl`jm blle or o`g gktkr sorbjore sse orttrr vl gktkrsorbjore yo`or. Or o`g rjlsmeme ojoe `ketoe tl`ror ls`m cojmelbltmrgl` mme rjl zlrmeil aujueoe rlslt(`urgo) autkeueo aosjoro` rjltl`ror `urujur.Ayjldl gktkrjoro tl`ror ykj vlrmjlamjmr.? nozj O.O vl I.O.gktkr ilvrljlrmeil or o`g rjlsm yojezdo noz cotteo aojoer.4 nozjilvrljlril msl bleljjm`jl clr nozo amr or o`g rjlsm aojoer.Or o`grjljlrmeil o`g oyor zlrmeil aujueoe oyor vmios mjl yopjr.Or o`grjljlrm goeyltm` or o`g rjlsm vl tlrgm` or o`g rjlsm kjgo` zlrl
m`m lmttmr.
O-Goeyltm` or o`g rjlsm8
Goeyltm` or o`g rjlsm al`jlgl`smzme ilvrlym ooro` gktkru`krur.Gktkrue l`tmm o`ge glyioeo bltmrimm goeyltm` ojoe lt`msm mjlojr.Goeyltm` or o`g rjlsm ljl`trkg`eots,`keto`jor vl bldm`tmrmdmljogoe kjgo` zlrl `sgioe glyioeo bljmr.
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l`mj 98 Goeyltm` or o`g rjlsmeme yops vl ilvrlyl aojoets
Ljl`trkg`eots akamem b ilvrlsmeil gktkro slrm kjoro` aojoer.Qjlemeekrgojil `opoj `keto(=)msl `ugoeio ilvrlsm bmrmmel slrm kjoro`aojoer.Qjl akamemeile ekrgoj illrmeme steil amr o`g blglsmcojmeil akame ilgmr evlym yu`or ikru l`lr.Tmjmeimr mlrmsmeil aujueoeyo elilemyjl pmstkeue corl`ltm yovo kjur.Ikjoysyjo rjleme `ketoclgle ojgoz.Llr akameile blle or o`g ekrgoj illrmel iglzsl
`so srlil `keto` ojoro` gktkru `krugu kjur.jlrm`m `keuguziooejotodogz tlrgm` rjlyjl goeyltm` rjl oroseio nor` vorir.Ylrgm`rjleme o`g zogoe ilmmgm cmplrakjm` amr lrm l`jmeil kjup,goeyltm`rjleme`m msl oem i bstlrle stoamj amr lrm l`jmeilimr.Au iurugo brl`so ilvrl bmam k` or o`gjore glyioeo bljglsm cojmeil goeyltm` rjlk` `so amr zogoeio ilvrlym oor.Or o`gjorio msl tlrgm` rjl aljmrjm amrzogoe al`jlylrl` ilvrlym oor.Ljl`trkgoeyltm` oem ooe rjljlr 16 gsililvrlym `lsle k` czj tmptl vlyo ?66-
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?.Amgltoj ljogoej tlrgm` or o`g rjlsm8
Tdo`j`jo uzogo `otsoyjor nor`j m`m gltojme amramrm mjl plrmejleglsmyjlglyioeo bljle ljogoeo amgltoj ljlgoe ilemr.Amgltoj ljogoe seieiouzogo `otsoys nozjo kjoe gltoj,uzogo `otsoys oz kjoe gltojme zlrmelikru a`jr.Aueue skeudueio amgltoj ljogoeo aoj kjoe `keto`jorioiurug ilmmr. Amgltoj ljogoej tlrgm` or o`g rjlsm m`m l`mjilyopjgo`toir.
o)Imrl` stgoj tlrgm` or o`g rjlsm 8
Ay` bj gktkr ilvrljlrmeil `ujjoejr.Gktkr o`g imrl` kjoro` amgltojljlgoe zlrmeile bllr.Amgltoj ljlgoee lmjglsmel vl `ketoeojgoseo elile kjoe s amgltoj ljlgoee mmeil ikor.Ay` bjgktkr ilvrljlrmeil amgltoj ljogoe k` ay` kjodoeioe `ujjoejkjgoz.Au elilejl tlrgm` or o`g rjlsm amr o`g tronksuyjo vlyo etimrlejl `ujjoejr.
l`mj
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gktkrue lelrhmsmem `lslrl`,gktkru yoego`toe `urtorr.@so srljmo`gjorio stdioe blle o`g amgltojm stodo` nrsot aujogoz vl amgltojlrmjglz.Ayjldl `so srljm o`g iojbojoegojoreio or o`g rjlsmemebldm`glsm sojoer.
Bleljjm`jl `` bj gktkrjorio `ujjoejr.
l`mj >8 Leimrl`t stgojtlrgm`
or o`g rjlsmeme yops vl ilvrlyl aojoets.
a)Lrbmymdm ojogj tlrgm` or o`g rjljlrm8
Au or o`g rjljlrmeil, std,`` amr tp vl `keto` aujueur.Mstdljogoee sorji tpe mmeil sei zogoe slralstl ielamjle m`medmamr tp ioco vorir.`m tpe oroseio i` sdo`j`to lrbmyle amr ojogvorir.Lrbmymdm ojog o`g ekrgoj iurugio m`le m`m tp amramrmel aojor.Or o`gio ojog lrmylrl` ,yoy vl imjmyl gl`oem` kjoro` aojoeoe mtp ielrl` `opoj `keto oor. Ojoe `keto` `keto`tr vl gktkruilvrl i aro`r.Au or o`g rjljlrmeil o`g oyor yopjgoz.
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l`mj 28 Lrbmymdm ojogj tlrgm` or o`g rjlsm
Ylrgm` rjljlrme ogo `oro`tlrmstm` lrmjlrm8
Ylrgm` rjljlrme zlrjlrmeile blle o`ge ilmglsmel brl ilvrlymogo `oro`tlrmstm` lrmjlrm cmplrakjm`tmr.l`mjil tlrgm` rjlyl omt bronm`jlrbrjgl`tlimr.Au lrmjlrile oejojodo bmam tlrgm` rjleme nke`smykeusmbkrtoyo alezlr.Oedo` smbkrtojorio oyorjogo mg`oe yk`tur.Cojau`m amrtlrgm` rjleme o`g0oyor serjor mmeil mstlemjle illrjlrl oyorjoeoamjmr.
l`mj 3
O.D. vl I.D. gktkrjor mme tlrgm` rjl slmgm8
Gktkr ilvrljlrmeil tlrgm` rjleme slmgm gktkrue lgemyltjm ojoamjglsmmme ay` amr elg tor.lmtjm btl`m osle`rke gktkrjoro imrl`
ykjvlrgl vl yjiz-ble kjoro` ykj vlrglyl omt tlrgm` rjl slmgjlrmembstlrle dltvljjlr glvduttur.(relme `keto`trjlr aocsmeil`m ?===
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Nlilroj gor`o bmam,Tmlgles Glrjme Blrme v.a.) Gktkrjore imrl` kjoro`ojtrjgoseio tlrgm` rjleme slmgmel lsos kjoe no`tr gktkrue l`tmmoego o`gir.Ylrgm` rjleme oyor serjor au serjor oroseioeslmjmr.Gktkrjore yjiz-ble ykj vlrglsmeil lmtjm ykj vlrgl iurugjorglvduttur. Gktkrue ekrgoj ykj ojgos(Gktkr le k` ?< soemylil ykj
ojr.),k` yovo ykj ojgos(Gktkr 96 soemylile nozjo zogoeio ykj ojr.) vlm`m yej ykj ojgos cojmeil tlrgm` rjlile blle o`g oego o`gee6,
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Begzil,tlrgm` amgltojm` or y` rjljm ojtlrjm `krugojore,nmyotjori` kjgosee yoeeio blrl`tl bvlemjmr amr `krugo sojogoi ort`ay` jil `oauj limjgmtmr.Au skrueu zgl` mme lmtjm nmrgojor lt`me`krugo sojoyoe ljl`trkem` `kruyudu rjl bljmtmrmjgmtmr.
Gktkr `krugo rjljlrm ooio`mjlrm sojor.(rel` noekx gor`o)
?.Or o`g 1.Osmgltrm vl noz `oya
4.Gktkr mmeil or sego 9.Noz sros
B- Gkiljm ljl`trkem` `krugo rjlsmeme nke`smykejor8
?.Tmgltrm` or o`g `krugos8
Ljl`trkem` `krugo rjljlrm, gktkru `ujjoed toroneioe aljmrjlele illrmestel `oe clr trj o`g orteioe `krur.MLD Ttoeiori 1
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@krugo rjljlrmeme ogo lrmjlrm @krugo rjljlrm ogolrmjlrm
(Tku` iurugio) (6.= x Ma mjl y`jleim`tle skero)
l`mj =
@7?.?6+ %
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l`mj ?6
9. NOXJM BLQJG @KEYQKJ QJLT(OMQM ^L I@ BLQJG)
nozj osle`rke gktkrjor + %?6ju` blrmjmg ilmgljlrmeil ekrgojkjoro` ojrjor.Oedo` blrmjmg ioco nozjo ilr yo io y`sljmrsl blrmjmglaoj kjoro` gkglettl ildlmeile nozjo o`g l`lrjlr.Nozjo o`gl`gljlrm gktkr sorbjoree segoseo vl gktkrue yoegoseo elile
kjur.Au rjljlr oyrdo or vl i` blrmjmgile lt`mjlele ljl`trkem``ugoeio ljlgoejoree vl `kgpoezosyke smstlgjlrmeme `kruegoseio
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`ujjoejrjor.Dmcoz ikruioe lal`lyl aojoeoro` zlrmeil`m oyor`oilglsmeile blrmjmg ojt vl st ser oyorjoer. lal`l blrmjmgmeme auserjor ogos cojmeil rjl ilvrlym czjo oor.Blrmjmg ekrgojlieieil rjl `leimsmem `uror.(Qlslt)
rel`8Noekxue nozj blrmjmg `ketrkj rjlsm8
Ojt ser st ser
\4-146 166-146 ^ O.D. 146-1>6 ^ O.D.
\4-966 496-966 ^ O.D. 966-9>6 ^ O.D.
\4-996 436-996 ^ O.D. 996-
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d)Noz `lsmjgl rjlsmeme tlrgmstr emtlsmel gktkr sorbjoreo ylrjltmrmjleV.Y.D. tlrgmstr ujoree aojoegos skeudueio gktkr sorb ssee ??6D eme zlrmel `gos iurugueio ilvrlym oor vl gktkru yoego`toe`urtorr.
Auroio noz sros(N.T.Q.)rjlsmeme brlvjlrmem u l`mjil o`joyoamjmrmz.
Yronk vl lelrhm eo`mj cotjoreio yopjoe orzo vl ao`g skeueio noz srojoryoejj`jo ilmlamjmr.Noz srosee ilmglsm gktkrue tlrs yeil ieglsmilgl`tmr.Aoz go`meljlril gktkrue tlrs yeil ieglsm ay` orzojoroykj ooamjmr.relme osoesrjlril,pkgpo smstlgjlrmeil vl covo`kgprlsrjlrmeil gktkrue cmamr zogoe tlrs yeil ieglglsm mstlemr.Nozsrosee clrcoebm amr l`mjil ilmglsm iurugueio N.T.Q.ilvrlym ooro`
gktkrue ojgose lebljjlr.Gktkr oedo` noz sros ikru kjiuueioojr.
rel`8Noekxue noz cotojor, ileblsmzjm`jlrm vl noz sros rjlsm
Ekgmeoj blrmjmg @ujjoeg illrm
T1-------------------------- 4x146 ^ O.D. 166-1>6 ^ O.D.
T4 -------------------------- 4x966 ^ O.D. 496-9>6 ^ O.D.
Qjleme zljjm`jlrm8
?.Bmrmtle izlejlymdmyl `oior kjoe `sgio ,nozjor oros % ?6o voroeileblsmzjm`jlrm izlejlr.
1.Kgohj y`jlrl aojoei`to skero ,clrcoebm amr noz `oyae tlspmt lilr.nozj mei`smykeju ljl`trm` gktkrjoreo aojoei`toe skero,gktkr toroneioeyorotjoe blrmjmg oeo blrmjmgme % >6eioe oz kjgo` ortyjo noz `oyaetlspmt lilr.
4.Noz sros yoej msl,rjl oeeio tlspmt lilr.
9.Qjl 6,< soemylil ilvrlym oor.
.? oeoctorjogo `keto,ekrgojil o`(??-?9) vl ekrgojil `opoj(??-?1)rjl akto m`le aujueur.
2.Goxmgug bd 4O-1
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=.Alsjleimm nozj blrmjmgm `ketrkj ojteio tutor.
?6.6 Cz nrl`oes
??.Goxmgug tlrgmeoj aojoet `lsmtm 1,< gg1
Amr skero`m gkilj kjoe tlrgmstr gkemtrj (VYD JL )noz sros vl nozcotos rjlsm imlr gkiljile nor`j kjoro` VYD slesr bmrmm glvduttur.VYDgktkr sseo aoj kjoro` ojr.Ogo srlsm 6,6< soemylimr.
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TL@KEILQ @KQ\GO
?[jgl Yronkjor (O`g Yronksu / Blrmjmg Yronksu)1[Tl`keilr Qjljlr
4[Oeoctorjogo Ljlgoejor (@lsmdmjlr / Oyrdjor)
1[QJLJLQ
O- O@MG QJLJLQ (OQ)O?-I` O`g QjlsmO1-Or O`g Qjlsm (OOQ)Toamt zogoej-Ylrs zogoej-]esz-]ej
A- INLQOET]LJ QJL (IQ)A?- Aogsz IQ
-o-Yronk IQ-a-Gktkr-Blelrotr IQ-d-Aoro IQ
A1- Aogj (Vmjkt Cotj) IQ
D- LGVLIOET QJLJLQ(Glsonl rjlsm)
I-BLQJG QJLJLQI?-I` Blrjmg QjlsmI1-Or Blrmjmg QjlsmI4-Ylrs Noz (NozTros) Qjlsm
L- B QJLJLQNrl`oes Qjlsm-B Oios Qjlsm
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?[jgl Yronkjor (O`g Yronksu / Blrmjmg Yronksu)
?.?. O`g Yronkjor
OY joree sl`keilrjlrmel Ogplrgltrl vlyo dmcozjore O`g Akamejlrm aojoer.OY Tl`keilrm `lsmejm`jl o` ilvrl limjglgljmimr !
OY joree tlglj brlvjlrm 8
Cot o`ge `jtgl` Blrmjmg zkjoykeu sojogo` Ttoeiort j dmcoz yopge sojogo`
OY joree aoz tlgljay`j`jlrm 8
Ilvogj y` o`g 8 ?,1 ME @so ilvrl tlrgm` o`g 8 Mtc7?66 ME @so ilvrl imeogm` o`g 8 Miye71
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OY Tl`keilr Bd 8
Tl`keilrl aojoeodo` oajk vl dmcozjore bde orjogo`.
1,< -
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Yl` Yorontoe Alsjlele Cot
tgme76,? s , t76,? s
Tkrue 8 Xogoe kkrimeosykeu skeudueio,le ay` orzo o`gjoree kjiuu ajblil (O-Aoros) le ay` ogo zogoe `orj` igl`tlimr.
mnt Yorontoe Alsjlele Cot
edl O aoroseioe alsjlgl vorsoyg mjl
O A D I L
O A D I L6,< s 6,9 s 6,4 s 6,1 s
6,? s6,? s 6,? s
6,? s
6,? s
O A D I L6,< s 6,9 s 6,4 s 6,1 s
6,? s6,? s 6,? s
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Tkero A aoroseioe alsjlgl vorsoyg mjl
`m iurug amrjltmrmjlrl` zogoe kkrimeosykeu sojoer.
]e `kkrimeosykeu mme il
INLQOET]LJ QJL
Ylglj Aojoet
Ay` bj (T5?66 G^O) Blelrotr, Gktkr, Yronk, Aoro, Qlo`tr,jltmg Cott
O A D I L6,1 s 6,4 s 6,9 s 6,< s
6,? s6,? s 6,? s
O A D I L6,1 s 6,4 s 6,9 s 6,< s
6,? s6,? s 6,? s
6,< s 6,9 s 6,4 s 6,1 s
O A D I L
6,? s6,? s 6,? s
6,1 s 6,4 s 6,9 s 6,< s6,< s 6,9 s 6,4 s 6,1 s
8 Or O`g Qjlsm (OOQ)
vlyo 8 ]ej OOQ
I.Q.
M?
m1
@lsmdm @krueoe Torb M1
m?
| m?-m1 |
Ogo@ugoeios
Noz jlt`lem
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`kruegoseio orzojoro `or le lt`mjm vl cossos `krugo l`mjjlrmeile amrmimr.
?- Blelrotr/Gktkr @krugos
I.Q.
MN? , MN1
m1
BlelrotrMN1
m?
| m?-m1 |
N? N1
I.Q.
M?V
m1T
E?8 E1 M1V
m?T
| m?-m1 |
^? ^1`O? `O1
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^? ^1
AQ
I.Q.
I.Q.
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Glsonl `krugo rjljlrm zljjm`jl iotg lal`ljlrmeil, zljjm`jl ?6 `g vl zlrm cotjoriotlrdmc limjgl`tlimrjlr. Glsonl `krugo ojbkrmtgojor imnlroesmylj `krugo `oior kjgoso amjl,imnlroesmylj `krugo ojbkrmtgoseioe skero le czj ojoe ojbkrmtgoir. Au elilejl glsonl`krugo rjljlrm "cot imnlroesmylj `krugo mjl amrjm`tl `ujjoejoe ye `orjotrgoj ajk`ohizlem" kpsmykeu ylrmel `ujjoejgo`toirjor. BKTA' io glsonl `krugo rjljlrmeme, `socotjorio lmtjm ajk`oh izlel`jlrm kjuturoro` czj vl sljl`tmn ogo zljjmmeile yororjoejgvl ioco edl zgmr Ototr` KTA' il uybujog kjiuuguz "cot imnlroesmylj rjl+yej
ajk`ohj rjl" kpsmykeueo ojtlreotmn kjoro` au `krugo izlem uybue brjgtr. L`kekgm`kjoro` ao`jieio clr m`m smstlgme il gojmyltm amramrjlrmyjl oo yu`or oye slvmyljlrilimr.Tmstlgjlrile amrmeil m`m rjl `ujjoejoro` ikeoeg ylilm kjuturujgo`to, imlrmeil mslikeoeg ylilm kjoro` `or mstosykeio`m rjl `ujjoejgo`toir. Glsonl `krugo rjljlrmmlrmsmeil oye zogoeio, y`sl` imrlejm tkpro` orzojor mme tlrs zogoej yej `krugoljlgoe io kpsmykelj kjoro` `ujjoejoamjmr. l`mj ?'il smstlgme prlesmp lgos bstlrmjgmtmr.
l`mj ?. Glsonl `krugo prlesmam
@sodo ojgo prlesmamel ao`odo` kjurso` glsonl krugo, cotte soj`j ojgo`kujjoreio`m lgplioes mjl orzo iurugueio`m lgplioese amramrmeile nor`j kjgos
blrlmel ioyoj kjoro` ojr. Au elilejl lgplioes `krugo kjoro` io oijoeirjr. Glsonl`krugo rjljlrm porogltrljlemr`le cotte %3
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brjle orzojor mme bldm`glsmz kjoro` ogo uybujoer. Auroio blrm `ojoe %?
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m
O O
MV / MT MV / MT
O A D I LN
^O^A
^D^I
^L
MOML
XOXA
XDXL
XI
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Coj`ojogojor % ?66
Coj`ojogojor % 3