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Paul Burne, Senior Technical Account Manager, Enterprise Support - 28th June 2017

Creating your Virtual Data CentreVPC Fundamentals and Connectivity Options

EC2 Instance

172.31.0.128

172.31.0.129

172.31.1.24

172.31.1.27

54.4.5.6

54.2.3.4

What to Expect from the Session

• Get familiar with VPC concepts• Walk through a basic VPC setup• Learn about the ways in which you can tailor your virtual

network to meet your needs

Setting up an Internet Connected VPC

Creating an Internet-connected VPC

Choosing an address range

Setting up subnets in Availability Zones

Creating a route to the Internet

Authorizing traffic to/from the VPC

Choosing an IP Address Range

CIDR Notation Review

CIDR range example:

172.31.0.0/161010 1100 0001 1111 0000 0000 0000 0000

Choosing an IP Address Range for your VPC

172.31.0.0/16

Recommended: RFC1918 range

Recommended: /16

(64K addresses)

Subnets

VPC Subnets and Availability Zones

172.31.0.0/16

Availability Zone Availability Zone Availability ZoneVPC subnet VPC subnet VPC subnet

172.31.0.0/24 172.31.1.0/24 172.31.2.0/24

eu-west-1a eu-west-1b eu-west-1c

VPC Subnet Recommendations

• /16 VPC (64K addresses)• /24 Subnets (251 addresses)• One subnet per Availability Zone

Route to the Internet

Routing in your VPC

• Route tables contain rules for which packets go where• Your VPC has a default route table• … but you can assign different route tables to different subnets

Traffic destined for my VPC stays in my VPC

Routing Table

Internet Gateway

Send packets here if you want them to reach the Internet

Everything that isn’t destined for the VPC:

Send to the Internet

Routing Table

Network Security in VPC: Network ACLs and Security Groups

Network ACLs: Stateless firewalls

English translation: Allow all traffic in

Can be applied on a subnet basis

“MyWebServers” Security Group

“MyBackends” Security Group

Allow only “MyWebServers”

Security Groups Follow Application Structure

Security Groups Example: “MyWebServers”

In English: Hosts in this group are reachable from the Internet on port 80 (HTTP)

Security Groups Example: “MyBackends”

In English: Only instances in the MyWebServersSecurity Group can reach instances in this Security Group

Security Groups in VPC: Additional Notes

• Follow the Principle of Least Privilege• VPC allows creation of egress as well as ingress Security Group rules• Many application architectures lend themselves to a 1:1 relationship between

Security Groups (who can reach me) and IAM roles (what I can do).

Connectivity Options for VPCs

Beyond Internet Connectivity

Restricting Internet access Connecting to your corporate network

Connecting to other VPCs

Restricting Internet Access by Subnet

Routing by Subnet

VPC subnet

VPC subnet

Has route to Internet

Has no route to Internet

Outbound-only Internet Access: NAT Gateway

VPC subnet VPC subnet

0.0.

0.0/

0

0.0.0.0/0

Public IP: 54.161.0.39

NAT Gateway

Inter-VPC Connectivity: VPC Peering

Common/core services• Authentication/directory• Monitoring• Logging• Remote administration• Scanning

Example VPC Peering Use: Shared Services VPC

Security Groups Across Peered VPCs

VPC Peering

172.31.0.0/16 10.55.0.0/16

Orange Security Group Blue Security Group

ALLOW

Establish VPC Peering: Initiate Request

172.31.0.0/16 10.55.0.0/16

Step 1

Establish VPC Peering: Accept Request

172.31.0.0/16 10.55.0.0/16

Step 1

Step 2

Establish VPC Peering: Create Route

172.31.0.0/16 10.55.0.0/16Step 1

Initiate peering request

Step 2

Accept peering request

Step 3

In English: Traffic destined for the peered VPC should go to the peering

Connecting to On-premises Networks: Virtual Private Network & Direct Connect

Extend an On-Premises Network Into Your VPC

VPN

Direct Connect

AWS VPN basics

Customer Gateway

Virtual Gateway

Two IPSec tunnels

192.168.0.0/16 172.31.0.0/16

192.168/16

Your networking device

VPN and Amazon Direct Connect

• Both allow secure connections between your network and your VPC• VPN is a pair of IPSec tunnels over the Internet• DirectConnect is a dedicated line with lower per-GB data transfer

rates• For highest availability: Use both

VPC and the Rest of AWS

VPC and the Rest of AWS

AWS Services in Your VPC VPC Endpoints for Amazon S3

DNS in-VPC with Amazon Route53

Logging VPC Traffic with VPC Flow Logs

AWS Services in Your VPC

Best practices for in-VPC AWS services

Many AWS Services support running in-VPC.Use Security Groups for Least-Privilege network access.For best availability, use multiple Availability Zones.

• Multi-zone RDS deployments• Use a zonal mount point for EFS access

Example: Amazon RDS database in Your VPC

Reachable via DNS Name: mydb-cluster-1 ….us-west-2.rds.amazonaws.com

Example: AWS Lambda Function in Your VPC

VPC Endpoints

S3 and Your VPC

S3 Bucket

Your applications

Your data

AWS VPC Endpoints for S3

S3 Bucket

AWS VPC Endpoints for S3

S3 Bucket

Route S3-bound traffic to the VPCE

IAM Policy for VPC Endpoints

S3 Bucket

IAM Policy at VPC Endpoint: Restrict actions of VPC in S3

IAM Policy at S3 Bucket: Make accessible from

VPC Endpoint only

DNS in a VPC

VPC DNS options

Use Amazon DNS server

Have EC2 auto-assign DNS hostnames to instances

Route53 Private Hosted Zones

Private Hosted Zone

Example.demohostedzone.org à172.31.0.99

VPC Flow Logs: VPC traffic Metadata in Amazon CloudWatch Logs

VPC Flow Logs

Visibility into effects of Security Group rulesTroubleshooting network connectivityAbility to analyze traffic

VPC Flow Logs: setup

VPC traffic metadata captured in CloudWatch Logs

VPC Flow Logs data in CloudWatch Logs

Who’s this?# dig +short -x 109.236.86.32 internetpolice.co.

REJECT

UDP Port 53 = DNS

VPC: Your Private Network in AWS

The VPC network

VPC Connectivity

VPC Network Security

Want to Dive Deeper? Visit the AWS YouTube Channel

• NET303 - Next-Gen Networking: New Capabilities for Amazon’s Virtual Private Cloud• NET304 - Moving Mountains: Netflix’s Migration Into VPC• NET401 - Another Day, Another Billion Packets• NET402 - Deep Dive: AWS Direct Connect and VPN• NET404 - Making Every Packet Count

Thank you!