Post on 23-Dec-2015
OrganizationPlants
Vascular Nonvascular
Mosses and related plants
SeedSeedless
Ferns and related plants
Angiosperms Gymnosperms
Learning Targets I can understand plants are classified
according to similar structures I can explain the difference between
vascular and nonvascular plants I can compare and contrast seed plants
and seedless plants I can define angiosperm, gymnosperm,
dicot and monocot
How are plants Classified? Scientists have discovered over 300,000
different kinds of plants
About 1,000,000 plants may exist that have not been found and named
Scientists believe these plants live in the tropical rain forest
Classification Plants are classified according to
whether they have body parts such as seeds, tubes, roots, stems, and leaves
There are 3 main groups of plants: Seed Plants Ferns Mosses
History of Classification The Greek philosopher Aristotle first
classified plants and animals
Carl Linnaeus then developed a classification system still in use today
All living things have a scientific name which consists of the genus and species
Vascular Plants Vascular means “vessel” or “tube”
Vascular plants have tube-like cells
Seed plants and ferns are examples of vascular plants
Vascular (cont.) These tube-like cells form tissue called
vascular tissue
The tissue forms tubes that transport food and water through the plant
Vascular plants have well-developed leave, stems, and roots
Vascular Tissue This tissue is important in two ways:
First, it allows food and water to be transported over a distance Plants can grow where water is not always
present
Second, vascular tissue is thick and provides support for the plant This allows the plant to grow taller
Nonvascular Plants Nonvascular plants do not have tube-
like cells These plants are short and must have
constant contact with water They do not have tubes to transport
water or support them They do not have true leaves, stems, or
roots Mosses are nonvascular plants
What are Seed Plants? Seed plants use seeds to reproduce
A seed is a plant part that contains a beginning plant and stored food
The beginning plant part is called an embryo
Seeds have a seed coat, which holds in moisture
Seed Plants (cont.) When conditions are right, the embryo
grows into a full-sized plant
Seed plants are the largest group of plants
They are divided into 2 sub groups: flowering and nonflowering plants
Angiosperms (Flowering) Most species of plants are angiosperms A capsule, or fruit, protects the seeds of
angiosperms The fruit forms from part of the flower Angiosperms are divided into two
groups: Dicots Monocots
Dicots Have 2 seed leaves (on the embryo)
Crisscross pattern of veins on leaves
Most flowering plants are dicots
Examples: fruits, vegetables, rose, sunflower
Monocots Have only one seed leaf
Parallel pattern of veins on leaves
Mostly grasses, but some flowers
Examples: grass, corn, wheat, rice, lily, orchid
Gymnosperms (Nonflowering) Do not produce flowers
Seeds are not surrounded by a fruit
Seeds are produced inside cones
Example: seeds of pine trees form on the scales of cones
Conifers The major group of gymnosperms
Cone-bearing plants
Woody shrubs or trees
Main source of paper and wood products
Examples: pine, spruce, fir
Conifers (cont.) Most have green leaves all year long They are called evergreens Leaves are shaped like needles Makes it easier to live in dry places and
store water Grow in places where other plants
cannot grow (shallow, rocky soil and along coast)
Vocabulary Angiosperm Gymnosperm Embryo Conifer Seed Monocot Dicot
Self Check Questions, pg. 73 #1-5 COMPLETE SENTENCES
Ferns (Vascular) Largest group of seedless plants Well-developed leaves, stem, and roots Mostly tropical plants Leaves are called fronds (large and flat) Fronds uncurl as they grow Sori are clusters of reproductive
cells(spores)found on the underside of fronds
Spores Spores are the reproductive cells of
ferns and mosses After they are released, spores must
land in a moist place or they will dry out
Spores that drop in a moist place will have produce a tiny plant
The plant must have constant moisture to grow
Spores vs. Seeds Spores must have moist landing and
constant water source
Seeds have a seed coat to constantly deliver food and water
Seeds can survive longer than spores in dry conditions, which is why there are more seed plants in the world
Mosses (Non-Vascular) Reproduce by spores Simple leaf-like and stem-like parts No vascular tissue to transport water
and food, so they must live in moist, shady area (wet soil)
Have root-like threads called rhizoids Mosses look like little trees and often
form carpet-like mats on the forest floor