Post on 21-Dec-2019
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A FINAL YEAR PROJECT REPORT PRESENTED BY:
NSENGIMANA Innocent 216144701
KUBWIMANA Delphine 216189357
TWAMBAJIMANA Adeline 216280184
Under the Guidance of: Dr. ABAHO G. Gershome
July 2019
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERINGDepartment of CEGE
“AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON USE OF COW DUNG ASH AND RICE
HUSK ASH AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT IN CONCRETE”
OutlinesIntroduction
Objectives
Conclusions
References
Recommendations
Problem Statement
Literature Review
Methodology
Data collections
Data interpretations
Introduction
• The consumption of cement in concrete industries has been increasing day by day to fulfil
the needs of infrastructure due to growing population, industrialization and urbanization.
• The cement production in manufacturing industries leads to the negative effects to
the environment due to emitting of polluted gases like carbon dioxide (CO2) that
leads to the air pollution which has more effects on the climate change and global
warming.
• Supplementary binding materials such as cow dung ash, sawdust, fly ash, silica, rice husk
ash enable concrete technology to use millions of tons of byproducts materials that would
be waste disposal problems.
Problem Statement
• The population in developing countries like Rwanda are highly increasing day by day.
• They need infrastructures facilities such as buildings, highways, hydraulic structures,
airports, parking to accommodate them effectively.
• The cost of building materials especially plastering and cementitious materials in
Rwanda is very high.
• Environmentally, cement manufacturing industries produces fumes which lead to the air
pollutions.
• Additionally, large amount of agricultural wastes produced in agri-processing
industries like rice husk has been causing waste disposal problems.
Objectives • Main objective: The main objective of this work is an experimental study on
use of cow dung ash and rice husk ash as partial replacement of cement in
concrete.
• Specific objectives
• To examine the effectiveness of using CDA and RHA as partial replacement of
cement by studying strength parameters.
• To investigate the compressive strength and of concrete with CDA and RHA to
that of normal concrete.
• To use supplementary cementitious materials to produce concrete which is
affordable and structural light in weight.
Literature Review
• (MINAGRI, 2012) reported that Rwanda produces 81,908 metric tons of short grain rice a
year.
• Rice husk is agricultural waste which account for the 649.7 million tons of rice
produced worldwide annually (Habeeb & Mahmud, 2010)
• (Dabai & Muhammad, 2009) studied the effect of RHA as cement admixture by
testing the compressive strength of cement cubes produced by replacing cement
percentages with the RHA.
• (Pavithra, 2016) reported that dry cow dung is utilized as fuel energy for domestic
intention, which generates solid waste ash and observed that cow dung ash in cement
concrete is durable as compared to the normal concrete strength.
• (Kumar & Reddy, 2015) searched on cement replacement in concrete by CDA
and found that 5% of CDA replacement increases the compressive strength. It
observed that the 5% of CDA replace cement in mortar.
• The three constituents of hydraulic cement ae lime, silica and alumina. In addition,
other small oxides are added (Duggal, 2008)
• Aggregates make up about 75% of the volume of concrete, so their
properties have a large influence on other properties of the concrete ( Alexander
& Mindess, 2005)
• (SHETTY, 2005) discussed that RHA is obtained by burning rice husk in
controlled temperature with aim of protecting environmental pollution.
Methodology
Some taken Photos
Sieve Analysis
Cube weighing
CDA and RHA Consistency test Curing tank
Compressive testing machine
Data recording
Results Analysis and interpretations
0.29
0.33
0.36
0.41
0.43
0.25
0.27
0.29
0.31
0.33
0.35
0.37
0.39
0.41
0.43
0.45
0 5 10 15 20
Con
sist
ency
lim
it
RHA+CDA%
CONSISTENCY LIMIT
Consistency limt curve
This test is carried out to determine the
standard water required to produce workable
paste of cement .
The RHA and CDA are mixed with cement to
produce paste as a percentage of weight of
cement.
The test result show that the much water is
required to obtain the desired consistency as
the percentage of CDA and RHA increase.
Interpretations
Results Analysis and interpretations Cont’d
45
49
56
68
75
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 5 10 15 20
Slu
mp
RHA+CDA%
Slump Result
Workability implies the ease to
work with which concrete mix is
handled.
the figure shows the workability
of each mix of concrete varying
the % of RHA+CDA with the
highest workability value of 75mm
is obtained for 20% of RHA+CDA
Results Analysis and interpretations Cont’d
24
51
.83
23
69
.7
23
79
.8
23
46
.7
24
52
.73
23
71
.13
23
82
23
49
.07
24
52
.53
23
70
.8
23
80
23
48
.5
2300
2310
2320
2330
2340
2350
2360
2370
2380
2390
2400
2410
2420
2430
2440
2450
2460
0 5 10 15
Con
cret
e D
ensi
ty k
g/m
3
RHA+CDA %
Density of Concrete Results
7Days 14days 28days The Density of the cubes decreases as the
percentage content of CDA+RHA increases.
The lightness in weight of specimen is due to
the presence of CDA+RHA and the
higher the percentage of CDA+RHA the
lighter the specimen.
Also, the result reveals that the
Density of specimen increases with age. The
barchart represents that the highest densities
obtained on 14 curing days.
Interpretations
Results Analysis and interpretations Cont’d
37.75
31.25 31.25
25.25
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0% 5% 10% 15%
Co
mp
ress
ive
Str
eng
th o
n 2
8 c
uri
ng
da
ys
RHA+CDA
Compressive strength of concrete
The bar chart shows the pattern of the Cube
Strength with different percentages of CDA+RHA
against curing time, the Cube Strength is highest
at 28 days with 37.75N/mm2 at 0% while the
lowest Cube Strength is recorded at 28 days with
25.25 N/mm2 at 15%. The compressive strength
of concrete deceases with increases percentages
of CDA+RHA.
The compressive strength of concrete remains
constant on replacement of 5% and 10%.
Conclusion and Recommendations
• Cow Dung Ash and Rice Husk Ash concrete can be made to perform well in certain floor and wall
applications when a ten percentage (10%) replacement is not exceeded.
• The Cow Dung Ash and Rice Husk Ash requires more quantity of water as the percentage increases in the
concrete, therefore it has a serious limitation that must be understood before it is put to use.
• The Cow Dung Ash and Rice Husk Ash have an advantage that offers lightness of weight that makes it useful
construction material.
• More water is required to achieve the standard consistency as the amount of CDA+RHA increases.
• Compressive strength decreases as the CDA+RHA content increases and increases as the curing period is
prolonged.
• With strength as a criterion, CDA+RHA of no more than 15% can be used to produce good and quality mortar
and concrete.
Thank You All for you Kind Attention!!!