BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

دانشگاه كردستاندانشكدة فني و

مهندسيگروه كامپيوتر

مباني كامپيوتر و برنامه سازي Basics of Computer and

Programming

Session 1

Basic computer principles

مفاهيم پايه كامپيوتربا تشكر از اقاي عبدالله پوري-از اساتيد سابق دانشكده فني دانشگاه كردستان- كه اساليدهاي اين بحث را به صورتي بسيار شيوا تهيه كرده اند. بنابراين با كسب

اجازه از ايشان براي اين بحث از همان اساليدها استفاده خواهد شد.

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

ComputerComputer

Hardware (Physical and visible parts)Hardware (Physical and visible parts)

SoftwareSoftware

Operating SystemsOperating SystemsDOS, WindowsDOS, Windows

Programming LanguagesProgramming LanguagesC, Pascal , Visual BasicC, Pascal , Visual Basic

Application ProgramsApplication Programs

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

Bit: Bit: Smallest information unit in computer Smallest information unit in computer

that can be that can be 00 or or 11

Byte: Byte: Complex of Complex of 88 bitsbits

Example: 10010101 Example: 10010101

1 K ilo Byte = 1 K ilo Byte = 10241024 bytesbytes

1 Mega Byte = 1 Mega Byte = 10241024 K ilo bytesK ilo bytes

1 1 GigaGiga Byte = Byte = 10241024 Mega bytesMega bytes

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

K eyboardK eyboard

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

MouseMouse

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

ScannerScanner

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

J oystickJ oystick

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

CPU

The CPU is the computer’s “brain” that manipulates data

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

CPU’s Two Basic Parts

Control unit

Arithmetic logic unit

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

Control Unit

Manages all the computer’s resources

The control unit directs the flow of data through the CPU, and to and from other devices.

The control unit stores the CPU's microcode, which contains the instructions for all the tasks

the CPU can perform.

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

Arithmetic Logic Unit

Performs the CPU’s arithmetic and logical operations

The actual manipulation of data takes place in the ALU.

The ALU can perform arithmetic and logic operations.

The ALU is connected to a set of registers—small memory areas in the CPU, which hold data and program instructions while they

are being processed.

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

C.P.UC.P.U

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

Inkjet

PrinterPrinter

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

PlotterPlotter

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

MonitorMonitor

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

Two kind of Primary Memory

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

More RAM = Better Performance!minimize “swapping”

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

1 0

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

PCI SlotsFor Expansion Boards

(NIC, Modem, etc).

Slots for RAM

Slot forMicroprocessor

(Pentium 4)

AGP SlotsFor VGA

Communication Ports

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

The components of a computer

ATX case and power supply Keyboard Mouse Monitor

Motherboard Processor RAM

Floppy disk drive Hard drive CD ROM CD-RW drive DVD-ROM drive

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

AGP graphics card Sound card

Speakers Network card Modem

Cable Modem or DSL

Ink Jet Printer Laser Printer Scanner Gaming or Joystick

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

Digital Camera Projectors Microphones Webcam

Drawing Tablet Uninterruptable Power Supply SOFTWARE

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

ghasem.mohammadi@gmail.com

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

ComputerComputer

Hardware (Physical and visible parts)Hardware (Physical and visible parts)

SoftwareSoftware

Operating SystemsOperating SystemsDOS, WindowsDOS, Windows

Programming LanguagesProgramming LanguagesC, Pascal , Visual BasicC, Pascal , Visual Basic

Application ProgramsApplication Programs

The operating system (OS) is software that controls the interaction between hardware and user software

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

توسط زبانهاي برنامه نويسي نوشته مي شوند. هانرم افزار زبانهاي برنامه نويسي، يك سيستم ارتباطي هستند كه

توسط آنها مي توان دستورات الزم را به ماشين انتقال داد.

هرزبان برنامه نويسي به مجموعه أي از عاليم، قواعد ودستورالعمل ها گفته مي شود كه امكان ارتباط با كامپيوتر

را جهت بيان كاري يا حل مسئله اي فراهم مي كند.

زبانهاي سطح باالزبانهاي سطح پايين زبانهاي سطح

مياني

در حالت كلي زبانهاي برنامه نويسي را به سه دسته زير :تقسيم بندي مي كنند

Source program

Object programCompile

r

كامپايلر برنامه نوشته در يك زبان سطح باال را به برنامه .مقصد تبديل مي كند

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

Desktop

icons

Start Button

Task bar

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

محيط در شيء يك يا پوشه يك Desk Top ايجاد

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

اشياء با كار اساسي مفاهيم

Click

Double Click

Right Click

Drag and Drop

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

ويندوز در پنجره يك اجزاء

عمودی پیمایش

افقی پیمایش

عنوان نوار

منو نوارابزار نوار

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

پنجره يك اندازه تغيير

پنجره يك ( Move ) جابجايي

CopyPasteCutDelete

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

Shortcut

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

Send to

شی یک انتخاب اشیاء همه انتخاب متوالی شی چند انتخاب شی چند انتخاب

نامتوالی

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

ويندوز در ها پنجره آرايش

یا وظیفه نوار خالی فضای منوی Task Barدر در ، کرده راست کلیککنیم : می انتخاب را زیر ی گزینه سه از یکی شده ظاهر

-Cascade Windows. آبشاری : بصورت کردن مرتب -Tile Windows Horizontally : افقی بصورت کردن مرتب -Tile Windows Vertically : عمودی بصورت کردن مرتب

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

نمایش خصوصیات تنظیم

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

منوي زاج Start اي

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

چگونگي جستجوي فايل ها يا پوشه ها

به طور كلي معيار هاي زير براي يك فايل يا پوشه ميتواند انتخاب شود :

Nameالف- نام فايل يا پوشه مورد نظر

Containing Textب- متن فايل

Createdج- تاريخ ايجاد

modifiedچ- آخرين ويرايش

last accessedح- آخرين دسترسي

Typeخ- نوع فايل

sizeد- حجم فايل

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

Control Panel

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

System Tools

BY: Ghasem Mohammadi

Disk Clean Up

Disk Defragmenter