Post on 19-May-2015
description
Tutorial:Building Mobile AR Applications using
the Outdoor AR Library
Gun A. Lee Mark Billinghurst
The Human Interface Technology Laboratory New ZealandUniversity of Canterbury, New Zealand
21 Nov 2013 09:00-10:15
SYMPOSIUM ON MOBILE GRAPHICS AND INTERACTIVE APPLICATIONS
Welcome Mark Billinghurst
Director, HIT Lab NZ PhD, Univ. Washington AR, Interaction Design
Gun Lee Post Doc, HIT Lab NZ PhD, POSTECH AR, Android, Google Glass
SYMPOSIUM ON MOBILE GRAPHICS AND INTERACTIVE APPLICATIONS
Schedule
Introduction (Mark) Outdoor AR History (Mark) Design Guidelines (Mark) Example Applications (Mark) Building a Mobile Outdoor AR Application (Gun) Research Directions (Mark) Conclusions (Gun + Mark)
Introduction
Mark Billinghurst
SYMPOSIUM ON MOBILE GRAPHICS AND INTERACTIVE APPLICATIONS
What is Augmented Reality?
Definition [Azuma 97] Combines real and virtual images Is interactive in real-time Content registered in 3D
Azuma, R. T. (1997). A survey of augmented reality. Presence, 6(4), 355-385.
SYMPOSIUM ON MOBILE GRAPHICS AND INTERACTIVE APPLICATIONS
Outdoor AR Using mobile/wearable
systems to overlay AR content outdoors
Technical Requirements Tracking (GPS, compass,
etc) Display (handheld,
headmounted) Input devices Processing, networking
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Applications
Tourism, Gaming, Architecture, Engineering, Etc
Outdoor AR History
Mark Billinghurst
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Evolution of Mobile AR
Wearable AR
Handheld AR Displays
Camera phone
1995 1997 2001 2003 2004
Camera phone- Self contained AR
WearableComputers
PDAs-Thin client AR
PDAs-Self contained AR
Camera phone- Thin client AR
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MIT Wearable Computing (1996)
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Mobile AR: Touring Machine (1997)
University of Columbia Feiner, MacIntyre, Höllerer, Webster
Combines See through head mounted display GPS tracking Orientation sensor Backpack PC (custom) Tablet input
Feiner, S., MacIntyre, B., Höllerer, T., & Webster, A. (1997). A touring machine: Prototyping 3D mobile augmented reality systems for exploring the urban environment. Personal Technologies, 1(4), 208-217.
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MARS View
Virtual tags overlaid on the real world “Information in place”
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Backpack/Wearable AR
1997 Backpack AR Feiner’s Touring Machine AR Quake (Thomas) Tinmith (Piekarski) MCAR (Reitmayr) Bulky, HMD based
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PCI 3D Graphics Board
Hard Drive
Serial
Ports
CPU
PC104 Sound Card
PC104 PCMCIA
GPSAntenna
RTK correction Antenna
HMDController
TrackerController
DC to DCConverter
Battery
WearableComputer
GPS RTK correction
Radio
Example self-built workingsolution with PCI-based 3D graphics
Columbia Touring Machine
Mobile AR - Hardware
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HIT Lab NZ Wearable AR (2004) Highly accurate outdoor
AR tracking system GPS, Inertial, RTK system HMD
First prototype Laptop based Video see-through HMD 2-3 cm tracking accuracy
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Image Registration
AR Stakeout Application
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Wearable AR Video
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Location Aware Phones (2008)
Nokia NavigatorMotorola Droid
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Outdoor Information Overlay (2009)
Mobile phone based Tag real world locations
GPS + Compass input Overlay graphics data on live video
Applications Travel guide, Advertising, etc
Wikitude, Layar, Junaio, etc.. Android based, Public API released
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Google Glass (2013)
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View Through Google Glass
Always available peripheral information displayCombining computing, communications and content capture
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Hardware CPU TI OMAP 4430 – 1.2 Ghz 16 GB SanDisk Flash,1 GB Ram 570mAh Battery
Input 5 mp camera, 720p recording,
microphone GPS, InvenSense MPU-9150 inertial
sensor Output
Bone conducting speaker 640x360 micro-projector display
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Competitors Vuzix M100
$999, profession Recon Jet
$600, more sensors, sports Opinvent
500 Euro, multi-view mode Motorola Golden-i
Rugged, remote assistance
Design Guidelines
Mark Billinghurst
SYMPOSIUM ON MOBILE GRAPHICS AND INTERACTIVE APPLICATIONS
AR UI Design Consider your user Follow good HCI principles Adapt HCI guidelines for AR Design to device constraints Design for perception/info presentation Design for evaluation
SYMPOSIUM ON MOBILE GRAPHICS AND INTERACTIVE APPLICATIONS
Consider Your User Consider context of user
Physical, social, emotional, cognitive, etc Outdoor AR User
Probably Mobile One hand interaction Short application use Need to be able to multitask Use in outdoor environment Enhance interaction with real world
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Adapting Existing Guidelines Mobile Phone AR
Phone HCI Guidelines Mobile HCI Guidelines
HMD Based AR 3D User Interface Guidelines VR Interface Guidelines
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Clean Large Video View Large Icons Text Overlay Feedback
Applying Principles to Mobile AR
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AR vs. Non AR Design
Design Guidelines Design for 3D graphics + Interaction Consider elements of physical world Support implicit interaction
Characteristics Non-AR Interfaces AR Interfaces
Object Graphics Mainly 2D Mainly 3D
Object Types Mainly virtual ob-jects
Both virtual and physical ob-jects
Object behaviors Mainly passive ob-jects
Both passive and active ob-jects
Communication Mainly simple Mainly complex
HCI methods Mainly explicit Both explicit and implicit
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Maps vs. Junaio
Google Maps 2D, mouse driven, text/image heavy, exocentric
Junaio 3D, location driven, simple graphics, egocentric
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Design to Device Constraints Understand the platforms and design for limitations
Hardware, software platforms Eg Outdoor AR game with handheld
Use large screen icons Consider screen reflectivity Support one-hand interaction Consider the viewing angle Do not tire users out physically Don’t require accurate tracking
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AR as Perception Problem Goal of AR to fool human senses –
create illusion that real and virtual are merged
Depth Size Occlusion Shadows Relative motion Etc..
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Which Object is Closest?
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Depth CuesPictorial: visual cues
• Occlusion, texture, relative brightnessKinetic: motion cues
• Relative motion parallax, motion perspectivePhysiological: motion cues
• Convergence, accommodationBinocular disparity
• Two different eye images
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Use the Following Depth Cues
Movement parallax Icon/Object size (for close
objects) Linear perspective
To add side perspective bar. Overlapping
Works if the objects are big enough
Shades and shadows Depends on the available
computation
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Provide Perspective Cue
Eg ground plane grid
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Depth Perception
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Information Presentation
• Amount of information• Clutter, complexity
• Representation of information• Navigation cues, POI representation
• Placement of information• Head, body, world stabilized
• View combination• Multiple views
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Twitter 360
www.twitter-360.com iPhone application See geo-located tweets in real world Twitter.com supports geo tagging
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Wikitude – www.mobilizy.com
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Information Filtering
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Information Filtering
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Outdoor AR: Limited FOV
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Possible solutions Overview + Detail
spatial separation; two views
Focus + Context merges both views into one view
Zooming temporal separation
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Zooming panorama, Zooming Map
Zooming Views
Mulloni, A., Dünser, A., & Schmalstieg, D. (2010, September). Zooming interfaces for augmented reality browsers. In Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Human computer interaction with mobile devices and services (pp. 161-170). ACM.
Example Applications
Mark Billinghurst
SYMPOSIUM ON MOBILE GRAPHICS AND INTERACTIVE APPLICATIONS
HIT Lab NZ Building Viewer Architectural Application Loads 3D models
a OBJ/MTL format Positions content in space
GPS, compass Intuitive user interface
toolkit to modify the model Targeting museum guide/outdoor site
applications
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2011 Christchurch Earthquake
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Christchurch Today
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CityViewAR
Using AR to visualize Christchurch buildings 3D buildings, 2D images, text, panoramas AR View, Map view, List view Available on Android market, iOS App Store
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User Experience
While walking in the real world people can see text, 2D images and 3D content
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List View
List of all assets
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Map View
Icons for buildings, viewpoints, panoramas
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Building History Data
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Photographic Images
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Panorama Images
360 degree photo bubbles
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Augmented Reality View
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Building a Mobile Outdoor AR Application
Gun Lee
Research Directions
Mark Billinghurst
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Looking to the Future
What’s Next?
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What’s Next Key Research Problems
Wide area tracking Input Methods/Displays Collaboration
Emerging Trends AR + Social Networking AR Standards/Platforms AR + Human Computing Scaling up
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Robust Outdoor Tracking
Hybrid Tracking Computer Vision, GPS, inertial
Going Out Reitmayer & Drummond (Univ.
Cambridge)
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Handheld Display
Reitmayr, G., & Drummond, T. W. (2006, October). Going out: robust model-based tracking for outdoor augmented reality. In Mixed and Augmented Reality, 2006. ISMAR 2006. IEEE/ACM International Symposium on (pp. 109-118). IEEE.
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Meta Gesture Interaction
Depth sensor + Stereo see-through
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Meta Video
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Contact Lens Display Babak Parviz
University Washington MEMS components
Transparent elements Micro-sensors
Challenges Miniaturization Assembly Eye-safe
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Contact Lens Prototype
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Ego-Vision Collaboration
Google Glass camera + processing + display +
connectivity
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Ego-Vision Research System
How do you capture the user's environment?
How do you provide good quality of service?
Interface What visual and audio cues provide best
experience? How do you interact with the remote user?
Evaluation How do you measure the quality of
collaboration?
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Massive Multiuser Handheld/Outdoor AR for the first time
allows extremely high numbers of AR users
Requires New types of applications/games New infrastructure (server/client/peer-to-peer) Content distribution…
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PERSONAL VIEW
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Augmented Reality 2.0 Infrastructure
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Leveraging Web 2.0 Content retrieval using HTTP XML encoded meta information
KML placemarks + extensions Queries
Based on location (from GPS, image recognition) Based on situation (barcode markers)
Syndication Community servers for end-user content Tagging
AR client subscribes to data feeds
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AR Standards + Markup Languages
KHARMA and Argon ARML AREL Patterns if Interest X3D+ KML vs. RDF + Multimedia Markup
Languages
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AR + Human Computation Human Computation
Real people solving problems difficult for computers
Web-based, non real time Little work on AR + HC
AR attributes Shared point of view Real world overlay Location sensing
What does this say?
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Human Computation Architecture
Add AR front end to typical HC platform
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Scaling Up
Seeing actions of millions of users in the world
Augmentation on city/country level
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AR + Smart Sensors + Social Networks
Track population at city scale (mobile networks)
Match population data to external sensor data medical, environmental, etc
Mine data to improve social services
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Scaling Up
AR on a City Scale Using mobile phone as ubiquitous sensor MIT Senseable City Lab
http://senseable.mit.edu/
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WikiCity Rome
http://senseable.mit.edu/wikicity/rome/
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Orange Data for Development
Orange made available 2.5 billion phone records 5 months calls from Ivory Coast
> 80 sample projects using data eg: Monitoring human mobility for disease
modeling
Conclusions
Mark Billinghurst, Gun Lee
SYMPOSIUM ON MOBILE GRAPHICS AND INTERACTIVE APPLICATIONS
Conclusions Outdoor AR hardware available
Handhelds (GPS, compass, camera), Wearables Many possible applications HIT Lab NZ Outdoor AR platform
Easy for building AR applications Multi-view support, Client/Server interface Cross platform (handheld, Glass, etc)
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Next steps More tutorials on our website
http://www.hitlabnz.org/mobileAR Tags, LocationEvents, etc.
Projects on Google Glass http://arforglass.org One week workshop in Feb 2014
Stay tuned for server components Web-based Authoring Tool closed beta (Jan 2014)
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http://www.hitlabnz.org/mobileAR
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http://www.arforglass.org/
SYMPOSIUM ON MOBILE GRAPHICS AND INTERACTIVE APPLICATIONS
More Information Website
http://www.hitlabnz.org/mobileAR http://arforglass.org
Gun Lee gun.lee@hitlabnz.org
Mark Billinghurst mark.billinghurst@hitlabnz.org