Post on 27-Jun-2020
Pr. Luc Avérous
BioTeam ICPEES – UMR CNRS 7515
ECPM : École Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM)
Université de Strasbourg (UniStra)
email : luc.averous@unistra.fr
Website : www.BIODEG.NET
Twitter : LucAverous
Bioplastiques : du biodégradable
au durable
Reims le 7 février 2014 -Ne pas reproduire sans autorisation -
General Topic (BioTeam):
► Biobased and/or Biodegradable Polymers,
for Environmental and Biomedical Applications.
Springer 2012
BioTeam Members (18) :
Staff(4): • Pr. Luc Avérous (BioTeam leader)
• Dr. Eric Pollet (A/Prof.)
• Pr. Jean Marc Jeltsch (Vice-President UniStra)
• Dr. Vincent Phalip (A/Prof.)
Researchers (14):
Post-Doct. (3):
• Dr. Marina Magaton (Funding Brazil, 2013-2014)
• Dr. Dhriti Khandal (Europ. Project, 2013-2016)
• Dr. Alexandru Sarbu (2014/2015)
PhD Students (8):
• Flavie Prévot (Government, 2011-2014)
• Camille Carré (Region + Company, 2011-2014)
• Alice Arbenz (CIFRE, 2011-2014)
• Stéphane Duchiron (Company, 2012-2015)
• Marie Reulier (CIFRE, 2012-2015)
• Thibaud Debuissy (European Project, 2013-2016)
• Amparo Jimenez-Quero (Government, 2013-2016)
• Rogerio Prataviera (Co-Direction w/ Brazil – UFSCar)
> Masters (3)
BioTeam
Biorefinery from Biomass
Seeds
Starch
Ligno-cellulosic
Fibers
Chitin, Chitosan
Mushroom, Crustaceas…
Vegetable Oils
Fractionation
Extraction
Thermoplastic
Starch
Biocomposites
BioMaterials
Biobased
Thermosets &
Thermoplastics
Fermentation
PHAs, PLA
Lignins & Tannins
-based Materials
Clay
Nano-Biocomposites
Fractionation
BioTeam
► Integration, from the biomass to final objects
Chemical
Synthesis
Characterization
Formulation
Process
Biomass: Triglycerides,
Ligno-cellulose,
Tannins, Starch,
Chitin, …
Final Objects: For automotive,
Building, Textile,
Packaging,
Agriculture …
Bio-
Production
Integration « Biochemistry/Chemistry & Process »
Academic international collaborations:
Funding – Cooperation - Partners
Pr. Luc Avérous
BioTeam ICPEES – UMR CNRS 7515
ECPM : École Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM)
Université de Strasbourg (UniStra)
email : luc.averous@unistra.fr
Website : www.BIODEG.NET
Twitter : LucAverous
Bioplastiques : du biodégradable
au durable
Reims le 7 février 2014 -Ne pas reproduire sans autorisation -
Outline
1. Bioplastics: Some Definitions and the
Market
2. Biobased and durable polymers / Biobased
and biodegradable polymers
9
Pr. Luc Avérous
BioTeam ICPEES – UMR CNRS 7515
ECPM : École Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM)
Université de Strasbourg (UniStra)
email : luc.averous@unistra.fr
Website : www.BIODEG.NET
Twitter : LucAverous
1- Bioplastics: Some definitions and the
Market
Biomacromolecules : Macromolecules, which are elaborated from
living organisms (proteins, polysaccharides, bacterial polymers …)
[Caracteristics]
Biopolymers : substances based on biomacromolecules
[Applications]
Nota: PLA is not a biopolymer!
Some definitions (IUPAC):
11
BIOPLASTICS : “Industrial” term used to qualify biobased and/or
biodegradable (environment) polymers.
(e.g., PLA, PA11, PCL …)
Another definitions:
12
Pr. Luc Avérous
BioTeam ICPEES – UMR CNRS 7515
ECPM : École Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM)
Université de Strasbourg (UniStra)
email : luc.averous@unistra.fr
Website : www.BIODEG.NET
Twitter : LucAverous
Bioplastics : The market
Worlwide Bioplastics – Trends
Some indicators:
- Growth: 10-20 % per year
- Market: 1 Billion $/year
Europe
14
Pr. Luc Avérous
BioTeam ICPEES – UMR CNRS 7515
ECPM : École Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM)
Université de Strasbourg (UniStra)
email : luc.averous@unistra.fr
Website : www.BIODEG.NET
Twitter : LucAverous
2- Biobased and durable polymers /
Biobased and biodegradable polymers
16
Biobased polymers
Biobased polymers for Long term
applications (Durable) e.g.,
Automotive, Building …
Biobased and biodegradable polymers
for Short term applications e.g.,
Packaging, Agriculture, Hygiene …
– Bacterial Polyesters: PolyHydroxyAlkanoates (PHA), …
– Cellulose: Crop and forestry fibres (Composites with “petro-plastics”) -> Bioethanol
– Hemicellulose
– Lignin and Tanins
– Starch: from corn, wheat, potatoes, pea …-> Bioethanol
– Proteins: Gluten, zein, Corn, elastin, collagen, soybean
– Vegetable Oils
Biobased polymers
Sources of agricultural feedstock:
17
18
Production of Polyethylene
Biobased and Durable Polymers
19
Production of Polypropylene (Metathesis)
Biobased and Durable Polymers
Polyolefins (PE,PP) = 2/3 of plastic market
20
Production of PET, PTT, PBT …
Biobased and Durable Polymers
Vegetable oils
O
O
O
O
O
O
1
Vegetable oil = 95% of triglycerides (tri-ester of glycerol and fatty acids)
Glycerol Fatty acid
• Chain length : C6 à C24, hydrophobic
• Low toxicity
• Highly available
• Low price
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Year
Pla
nt
oil p
rod
ucti
on
(M
MT
)Palm oil Rapeseed oil
Soybean oil Sunflower oil
Biobased and Durable Polymers
21
Structures of main Fatty acids
O
O
O
O
O
O
1
Fatty acid
Biobased and Durable Polymers
22
Wide Variety of Functional Polyurethanes By combining green polyols with di-isocyanates, we can produce a wide variety of functional polyurethanes (Foam …) at a competitive cost (e.g., Ford, Biobased Insulation, BioFoam, Dow, Cargill, Merquinsa …)
Biobased and Durable Polymers
23
Pr. Luc Avérous
BioTeam ICPEES – UMR CNRS 7515
ECPM : École Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM)
Université de Strasbourg (UniStra)
email : luc.averous@unistra.fr
Website : www.BIODEG.NET
Twitter : LucAverous
2- Biobased and durable polymers /
Biobased and biodegradable polymers
Applications: Packaging, Agriculture, Leisure, Hygiene, Catering, …
Biobased and Biodegradable Polymers
Polysaccharide: Starch-based materials
25
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Biobased and Biodegradable Polymers
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are a family of intracellular
biopolymers synthesized by many bacteria as intracellular carbon and
energy storage granules. PHAs are mainly produced from renewable
resources by fermentation.
A wide variety of prokaryotic organisms accumulate PHA from 30 to
80% of their cellular dry weight.
Only some bacterial strains show satisfactory levels of productivity:
• Cupriavidus necator
(former Ralstonia eutropha)
• Alcaligenes lactus
• Azotobacter vinelandii
• some methylotrophs
• Pseudomonas oleovorans
• Recombinant Escherichia coli
+ Mixed cultures
Biobased and Biodegradable Polymers
27
PLA: The Last Trends
• PLA = Polymers for durable applications (No
biodegradation)
• New PLA based blends
(e.g., PLA/Plexiglass = Arkema or PLA/PC = Ingeo)
• PLA as a polyol (TPU, PU …)
• PLA with high value (grafted polymers)
___________________________________
• More and more biomedical applications (biocompatibility;
biodegradable in contact with living tissue)
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Biobased and Biodegradable Polymers
The future ?
– GMO (e.g., Starch)
– ↓ Some fossil resources with price of some
fractions (???$)
– Evolution of the « society » (« Grenelle de
l’environnement », sustainability ? )
– Evolution of the governmental policy Eco-tax ?
Biobased polymers
29
Europe?