Biology Review Packet

Post on 09-Nov-2015

40 views 0 download

description

Bio Final Review Packet

Transcript of Biology Review Packet

  • BiologyFinalReviewPacket1.Informationgatheredfromobservingaplantgrow3cmoveratwoweekperiodresultsin?(B1.1g)

    a.inferences c.hypothesisb.variables d.data

    2.Whichofthefollowingcharacteristicsoflivingthingsbestexplainswhybirdsflysouthforthewinter?(B2.6a,B2.3a)(HSLS13)

    a.Livingthingsrespondtotheirenvironmentb.Livingthingsmaintainaninternalbalancec.Livingthingsaremadeupofunitscalledcellsd.Livingthingsarebasedonauniversalgeneticcode

    3.Inmoststablefreshwaterenvironments,populationsofDaphniaarealmostentirelyfemaleandreproduceasexually.However,malesareobservedinlowoxygenenvironmentsorwhenfoodisscarce.Basedontheseobservations,aresearchersuggeststhatmaleDaphniadevelopinresponsetounfavorableenvironmentalconditions.Thisisanexampleof(B1.1D,B1.1E)

    a.result c.procedureb.theory d.hypothesis

    4.Observethefollowingdiagram,whichwastakenfromoneofCharlesDarwinsnotebooks.

    Thewords,Ithinkcanbeseenatthetopofthepageandabranchingdiagram isshownbelowthat.(B1.2h,B1.2k)

    ThispicturerepresentsoneofDarwins

    a.guesses

    b.questions.

    c.observations.

    d.laws.5.Twostudentsweretestingtheamountoffertilizerthatwouldbestpromotethegrowthofstrawberriesinagarden.Whichofthefollowingcouldbeanunavoidablesourceofexperimentalerror?(B1.1B)

    a. lengthofthestudyb. variationinthestrawberryplantsc. thecostofwateringtheplantsd. fertilizationduringthestudy

    6.Ascientistisstudyinghowtemperatureaffectsbacteriagrowth.

    Thefollowingisherexperimentaldesign:

    Countthebacterialgrowthatthesametimeeachday

    Place3petridisheswiththebacteriaintherefrigeratorandplace3morepetridisheswithadifferenttypeofbacteriainanincubator

    Useadifferenttypeofagarineachpetridish

    Whatobservationcanyoumakeaboutherexperiment?(B1.1B,B1.1f)

    a.Herdesignwillefficientlymeasuretemperaturechangesonbacteriagrowth.

    b.Shehastoomanyvariablesandwillnotbeabletomakeareliableconclusion.

    c.Differenttypesofagarwillserveastheindependentvariableintheexperimentaldesign.

    d.Hervariablesarecontrolledwithinthedesignoftheexperimentalinvestigation.

  • Name______________________________

    7.Researchhasledscientiststoconcludethatfevershelpthehumanbodyfightinfectionbyelevatingbodytemperaturesandcausingpartsoftheimmunesystemtoworkbetter.

    Whichstatementdoesthisconclusionbestsupport?(B1.1A,B1.1E)

    a.Feversdisrupthomeostasis.

    b.Feversshouldimmediatelybetreatedwithmedication.

    c.Feversareanecessarypartofmaintaininghomeostasis.

    d.Feversarerarelycausedbybacterialinfections.

    8.InAugust2006,theInternationalAstronomicalUnionremovedPlutosstatusasaplanetandnameditadwarfplanet.

    WhatpromptedthereclassificationofPluto?(B1.1i)

    a.Anewtelescopeintroducedin2006allowedscientiststoseeabetterviewofPluto.

    b.ScientistsbasedtheirdecisiononknowndatafromPlutoandotherobjectsinthesolarsystem.

    c.AmannedmissiontoPlutoprovidedevidencetomakeitadwarfplanet.

    d.Scientistswerebiasedtomakethesolarsystemhaveeightplanets.

    9.Whichofthefollowingisnotacharacteristicofalivingorganism?(B2.6A)(HSLS13)

    agrowthanddevelopment

    babilitytomove

    cresponsetoenvironment

    dabilitytoreproduce10.Observethemodelsontherightshowingionicandcovalentbonding.

    Whatstatementcorrectlydescribesthemodels?(B2.2D,2,4e)(HSLS11,HSLS16,HSLS17,HSLS31

    a.ModelIshowsionicbondingbecausethevalenceelectronsareshared.

    b.ModelIshowsionicbondingbecauseoneelectronistransferredtoanotheratom.

    c.ModelIshowscovalentbondingbecausethevalenceelectronsaretransferred.

    d.ModelIIshowscovalentbondingbecausethevalenceelectronsaretransferred.

    11.Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectrankingoforganizationalhierarchyoforganismsfromsimplesttomostcomplex?(B2.5B)(HSLS12)

    a.cells,organs,tissues,organsystems,organisms

    b.cells,tissues,organs,organsystems,organisms

    c.tissues,cells,organs,organsystems,organisms

    d.tissues,organs,cells,organsystems,organisms12.Whichofthefollowingcharacteristicsoflivingthingsbestexplainswhybirdsflysouthforthewinter?(B2.6a,B2.3a)

    a.Livingthingsrespondtotheirenvironmentb.Livingthingsmaintainaninternalbalancec.Livingthingsaremadeupofunitscalledcellsd.Livingthingsarebasedonauniversalgeneticcode

    2

  • Name______________________________

    13.Sugarinourcellsreactsveryquicklywithoxygen.Thesamesugarwillreactveryslowlywiththeoxygeninair.Thereasonforthisdifferenceisbecause(B2.2f,B2.3A)(HSLS11,HSLS13)

    a.ourbodiesarewarmerthantheair. c.thesugarexposedtoairisinsolidform.

    b.cellscontaincatalyststospeedthereaction. d.thesugarinourcellscontainsmoreenergy.14.Themostimportantatominmostlivingthingsis(B2.2B)(HSLS16,HSLS25)

    a.carbon c.hydrogenb.oxygen d.nitrogen

    15.Youhavejustgoneforafivemilerun,andyouarenowfeelingsluggishandtired.Whichoftheorganiccompoundswouldhelpyoutofeellikeyourselfthequickest?(B2.2D,B2.3C,B2.3e)(HSLS11,HSLS12,HSLS13,HSLS16,HSLS17,HSLS26,HSLS31)

    a.carbohydratesb.lipidsc.proteinsd.nucleicacids

    16.Enzymesaffecttherateofcellularrespirationbychangingthe(B2.5D)(HSLS16,HSLS17)

    a.productsofthereaction c.temperatureofthereactionb.speedofthereaction d.pHofthereaction

    17.Whichstatementcorrectlydescribeshowcarbonsabilitytoformfourbondsmakesituniquelysuitedtoformmacromolecules?(B2.2A)(HSLS16,HSLS17,HSLS25)

    a. Itformsshort,simplecarbonchains.b. Itformslarge,complex,diversemolecules.c. Itformscovalentbondswithothercarbonatomsd. Itformscovalentbondsthatcanexistinasingleplane.

    18.Carbohydratesandproteinsaretwotypesofmacromolecules.Whichfunctionalcharacteristicofcarbohydratesdistinguishesthemfromproteins?(B2.5A)(HSLS16)

    a. largeamountofstoredinformationb. abilitytocatalyzebiochemicalreactionsc. efficientstorageofusablechemicalenergyd. tendencytomakecellmembraneshydrophobic

    19.Whentheconcentrationofmoleculesonbothsidesofamembraneisthesame,themoleculeswill(B2.3B,B2.5h)(HSLS13)

    a.moveacrossthemembranetotheoutsideofthecellb.stopmovingacrossthemembranec.moveacrossthemembraneinbothdirectionsd.moveacrossthemembraneinsideofthecell

    20.CompareEukaryotestoProkaryotes.Whichisthebestcomparison?(B2.4d)a.Eukaryoticcellsaremuchsmallerthanprokaryotesb.Eukaryoteshavepermeablemembranesandprokaryotesdonotc.Eukaryoteshaveahigherrateofreproductionthanprokaryotesd.Eukaryoteshavenucleiandprokaryotesdonot

    21.WhichcellularorganellecontainsDNAandcontrolsthefunctionofthecell?(B2.5i)

    a.Ribosome c.GolgiBody

    b.EndoplasmicReticulum d.Nucleus22.Whichofthefollowingcellorganellesisfoundintheplantcellbutnotintheanimalcell?(2.5G)

    a. mitochondriab. chloroplastc. ribosomes

    3

  • Name______________________________

    d. endoplasmicreticulum

    23.Ifananimalcellisplacedindistilledwater,itwillswellandmighteventuallyburst.

    Theswellingandpossibleburstingofthecellisaresultofwhichbiologicalprocess?(B2.5h,B2.3B,B2.3C,B2.6A)(HSLS13MHSLS26)

    a.Activetransport b.Enzymeactivity c.Osmosis d.Respiration

    24.Theillustrationsrepresenttwodifferentcells.

    WhichstatementbestidentifiesCellXandCellY?(B2.4A)(HSLS11,HSLS12,HSLS31)

    a.CellXisprokaryoticandCellYiseukaryotic.

    b.CellXisanervecellandCellYisnervetissue.

    c.CellXisaredbloodcellandCellYisamusclecell.

    d.CellXisaplantcellandCellYisananimalcell.

    25.Astudentiscollectingthegasgivenofffromaplantinbrightsunlightatatemperatureof27C.Thegasbeingcollectedisprobably?(B3.1B,B3.1D,B3.1f)(HSLS15,HSLS17,HSLS25)

    a.oxygenb.carbondioxidec.ATPd.vaporizedwater

    26.Ifcarbondioxideisremovedfromaplantsenvironment,whatwouldyouexpecttohappentotheplantsproductionofhighenergysugars?(B3.1B,B3.1D,B3.1f,B2.5C,B2.1A)(HSLS15,HSLS17,HSLS23,HSLS25)

    a.moresugarswillbeproducedb.fewersugarswillbeproducedc.thesamenumberofsugarswillbeproducedbutwithoutcarbondioxided.carbondioxidedoesnotaffecttheproductionofhighenergysugarsinplants

    27.Howarecellularrespirationandphotosynthesisalmostopposite?(B3.1C,B3.1e,B2.1A,B2.1B,B2.5e)(HSLS15,HSLS17,HSLS23,HSLS24,HSLS25)

    a.Photosynthesisreleasesenergy,andcellularrespirationstoresenergyb.Photosynthesisremovedcarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere,andcellularrespirationputsitbackc.Photosynthesisremovesoxygenfromtheatmosphere,andcellularrespirationputsitbackd.Alloftheabove

    28.Thecellsofsomeorganismscontainbothchloroplastsandmitochondria.Whichstatementdescribeswhatwouldhappeninthesecellsiftheyweremovedfromalightenvironmenttoadarkone?(B3.1B,B3.1D,B2.5f,B2.1B)(HSLS15,HSLS17,HSLS25)

    a.Theamountofoxygenpresentwoulddecreaseandtheamountofcarbondioxidewouldincreaseb.TheamountofglucosepresentwouldincreaseandATPwouldnolongerbeavailablec.TheamountofcarbondioxidepresentwoulddecreaseandATPwouldcontinuetobesynthesizedd.Theamountofoxygenpresentwouldincreaseandtheamountofglucoseavailablewoulddecrease

    4

  • Name______________________________

    Figure129.WhichofthegraphsinFigure1representstheeffectoftemperatureontherateofphotosynthesis?(B3.1B,B3.1D)(HSLS15,HSLS17,HSLS25)

    a.Ab.Bc.Cd.D

    30.WhichofthegraphsinFigure1representstheeffectoflightintensityontherateofphotosynthesis?(B3.1A,B3.1B,B3.1D)(HSLS15,HSLS17,HSLS25)

    a.Ab.Bc.Cd.D

    31.BetweenwhichpartsofthemoleculemustthebondsbebrokentoreleasetheenergystoredinthisATPmolecule?(B2.5D)(HSLS16,HSLS17)

    a.AandBb.BandCc.CandDd.Noneoftheabove

    32.EnergyisreleasedfromanATPwhen..(2.4f)(HSLS16,HSLS17)

    a.aphosphategroupisaddedb.adeninebondstoribosec.ATPisexposedtosunlightd.Aphosphategroupisremoved

    33.Whichofthefollowingareusedintheoverallreactionsofphotosynthesis?(B2.1A,B3.1C,B3.1e,B3.1f)(HSLS15,HSLS17,HSLS23,HSLS24)

    a.carbondioxideb.waterc.lightd.alloftheabove

    5

  • Name______________________________

    34.Inwhichareadoesthesunsenergygettransferredintochemicalenergy?(B2.5f)(HSLS15)

    AB CD

    35.Thecalvincycletakesplaceinwhichspace?(B2.5f)(HSLS15)ABCD

    36.Whatisaproductofthecalvincycle?(B3.1B)(HSLS15,HSLS17,HSLS25)

    a.oxygengas c.sugarb.ATP d.carbondioxide

    37.Glycolysisrequires(B3.1B)(HSLS15,17,25)

    a.anenergyinput c.hourstoproducemanyATPb.oxygen d.NADP+

    38.Whatisthecorrectequationforcellularrespiration?(B3.1C)(HSLS15,HSLS17)a.6CO2+6H2O>C6H12O+6O2b.6CO2+C6H12O6>6O2+6H2Oc.C6H12O6+6O2>6CO2+6H2O+36or38ATPd.6O2+6H2O>6CO2+C6H12O6

    39.Whatisthecorrectequationforphotosynthesis?(B2.1A,B3.1C)(HSLS15,HSLS17,HSLS23,HSLS24)

    a.6CO2+6H2O>C6H12O+6O2b.6CO2+C6H12O6>6O2+6H2Oc.C6H12O6+6O2>6CO2+6H2O+36or38ATPd.6O2+6H2O>6CO2+C6H12O6

    40.Whichofthefollowingshowsthecorrectsequenceduringcellularrespiration?(B2.5D) A.ElectrontransportchainglycolysisKrebscycle B.GlycolysisElectrontransportchainKrebscycle C.KrebscycleElectrontransportchainglycolysis D.GlycolysisKrebscycleElectrontransportchain41.Inwhichareawouldtheinitialsplittingofsugartakeplace?(B2.5i)

    a.1b.2c.3d.4

    42.InwhichareawouldtheelectronsbeingusedtopowertheproductionofATPbefound?(B2.5i)

    a.1b.2c.3d.4

    43.Cellsgrowninapetridishtendtodivideuntiltheyformathinlayercoveringthebottomofthedish.Ifcellsareremovedfromthemiddleofthedish,thecellsborderingtheopenspacewillbegindividinguntiltheyhavefilledtheemptyspace.Whatdoestheexperimentshow?(B1.1E,1.1g,2.1C,2.6B,2.6C,3.4C,3.5B)(HSLS12,HSLS14,HSLS21,HSLS22,HSLS26,HSLS27,HSLS28,HSLS46)

    a.Whencellscomeintocontactwithothercells,theystopgrowingb.Thecontrolsoncellgrowthanddivisioncanbeturnedonandoffc.Celldivisioncanberegulatedbyfactorsoutsidethecelld.alloftheabove

    6

  • Name______________________________

    44.ThetablebelowliststhetypicaldiploidnumberofchromosomesofseveraldifferentorganismsDiploidChromosomeNumber

    Goldfish 94

    Potato 48

    Human 46

    Pea 14

    FruitFly 8

    Whichofthefollowingisthebestexplanationforwhythechromosomenumberisanevennumberineachoftheseorganisms?(B1.1D,B1.1E,4.3A,4.2B)(HSLS14,HSLS31)

    a.Itisonlyacoincidencemanyotherorganismshaveanoddnumberofchromosomesb.Thediploidchromosomenumberisalwaysevensothatwhenmitosisoccurseachnewcellgetsthesamenumber

    ofchromosomesc.Thediploidchromosomenumberrepresentspairsofchromosomes,onefromeachparent,soitisalwaysaneven

    numberd.Chromosomesdoubleeverytimethecelldivides,soafterthefirstdivision,thenumberisalwayseven

    45.ThediagrambelowshowsastrandofDNAmatchedtoastrandofmessengerRNA.

    Whatprocessdoesthisdiagramrepresent?(B4.2g)(HSLS11,HSLS31)

    a.Mutation

    b.Respiration

    c.Transcription

    d.Translation46.Amalfunctionoccursduringanaphase1ofmeiosis,whatwouldbethepossibleresultsofthespindlefibersmalfunctionifthegametethatlostachromosomeispartofthefertilization?(4.3b,4.3f.4.3d)(HSLS32)

    a.theembryoaftergametefusionwillhaveamonosomyb.heembryoaftergametefusionwillhaveatetraploidc.heembryoaftergametefusionwillhaveapolyploidyd.heembryoaftergametefusionwillhaveatrisomy

    47.AscientistputsnucleotidechainsofUUUUUUinatesttubeunderconditionsallowingproteinsynthesis.Soonthetesttubeisfullofpolypeptidechainscomposedofonlytheaminoacidphenylalanine.Whatdoestheexperimentindicate?(B4.2f,B4.2g)(HSLS11,HSLS31)

    a.Theaminoacidphenylalanineiscomposedofuracil c.Proteinsynthesismalfunctionsintesttubesb.UUUcodesfortheaminoacidphenylalanine d.Mostproteinscontainonlyonetypeofaminoacid

    48.Whatmoleculeallowshereditaryinformationtobepassedfromgenerationtogeneration?(B4.1B,B4.2C)(HSLS11,HSLS31,HSLS32,HSLS33)

    a.DNA b.ATP c.Lipids d.Proteins

    49.IftheamountofadenineinaDNAmoleculeis20%,thentheamountofcytosinewouldbe(B4.2C)(HSLS11,HSLS31)

    a.20% b.30% c.50% d.80%

    7

  • Name______________________________

    50.Whatisproducedduringtranscription?(B4.2g)(HSLS11,HSLS31)A.RNAmolecules c.RNApolymeraseb.DNAmolecules d.proteins

    51.Hoxgenesdetermineananimals?(B2.1D,B2.4A,B4.1B)(HSLS11,HSLS12,HSLS14,HSLS31,HSLS32,HSLS33)

    a.size c.bodyplanb.color d.eyecolor

    52.TheDNAsequencefromanendangeredpupfishwascomparedtotheDNAsamplescollectedfromcloselyrelatedfishspecies.ThetablebelowshowsaportionoftheDNAsequencesfromeachofthefishspecies.(B1.1d,B1.1e,B4.2A,B4.3B,B4.3f,B4.4A,B5.2B,B5.2C,B5.3A)(HSLS31,HSLS32,HSLS42,HSLS43,HSLS44,HSLS45)

    PupFishDNASequence ATTAAGCCGATA

    Fish1 ATTGAACCGATA

    Fish2 ATTAAGCGGATA

    Fish3 TTTGAACGGAAA

    Fish4 ATTGAACGAATA

    Listthefishfromtheleasttomostcloselyrelatedtothepupfish.

    a.Fish1,Fish2,Fish3,Fish4

    b.Fish4,Fish3,Fish1,Fish2

    c.Fish3,Fish4,Fish1,Fish2

    d.Fish2,Fish1,Fish4,Fish353.3ofthe4answersbelowaresourcesofgeneticvariation.Selecttheexception.(4.3E)(HSLS32)

    (a)crossingover(b)mutation(c)asexualreproduction(d)independentassortment

    54.Multiplepointmutationsinthecyclinscanresultin__________tolosetheirnormalfunctionsandcouldpossiblyresultinthecell_____________?(4.4B)(HSLS42)

    a. nucleicacids,deathb. nucleicacids,cancerc. enzymes,deathd. enzymes,cancer

    55.Geneticengineeringhasproducedgoatswhosemilkcontainsproteinsthatcanbeusedasmedicines.Thiseffectwasproducedby(5.3F)(HSLS44,HSLS46)Amixingforeigngenesintothemilk.Binjectingforeigngenesintothegoatsudders.Cinsertingforeigngenesintofertilizedgoateggs.Dgeneticallymodifyingthenutritionalneedsofthegoatsoffspring.56.Insnapdragonflowerscolorisincompletelydominant.Ahomozygousredfloweriscrossedwithanheterozygouspinkflower.Whatistheprobabilitytheoffspringwillbered?(B4.1e,B4.1C)

    a. 25% b.50% c.75% d.100%57.Aresearcherperformsacrossbetween2mice,bothhavingblackfur.Blackforisdominantoverwhitefor.75%oftheoffspringhaveblackcoatsand25%havewhitecoats.Theresearchercanassumethattheparentsgenotypesweremostlikely:(B4.1C,B4.1D,B4.1e)(HSLS32,HSLS33)a.BBXBB b.BbXBb c.BBXbb d.bbXbb

    8

  • Name______________________________

    58.Ageneticdisorderduetoarecessiveallele(a)islethalinhomozygousindividuals(aa),whereasheterozygousindividuals(Aa)havenosymptoms.Basedonthisinformation,whichofthefollowingislikelytoresult?(B4.1C,B4.1e,B4.4C,B5.1A,B5.1e,B5.1g)(HSLS32,HSLS33,HSLS42,HSLS43,HSLS45)

    a.Thedisorderwillquicklybeeliminatedsincenorecessivehomozygoteswillsurvivetoreproduceb.Thedisorderwillbemaintainedinthepopulationthroughthereproductionofheterozygotesc.Onlyhomozygousdominant(AA)individualswillsurvived.Theprevalenceofthedisorderwillincreaseovertime

    59.IfamanwithbloodtypeAandawomanwithbloodtypeBproduceanoffspringwhatmighttheoffspringsbloodtypebe?(B4.1e,B4.1C)(HSLS32,HSLS33)

    a.ABorO b.A,BorO c.A,B,AB,orO d.ABonly60.Thetableshowsfourdifferentmutationsthatoccurredindifferentgenesthatarelocatedinaskin,gamete,muscle,andnervecellinanindividualrabbit.

    Whichmutationcouldbeinheritedbytherabbitsoffspring?(B4.2A,B4.2D,B4.3B,B4.3F)(HSLS11,HSLS31,HSLS32)

    CellType Trait Normal Mutation

    Skin FurColor BlackFur WhiteFur

    Gamete EyeColor BrownEyes RedEyes

    Muscle FurThickness ThickFur ThinFur

    Nerve TailLength LongTail ShortTail

    a.Whitefur b.RedEyes c.ThinFur d.ShortTail61.Ifnondisjunctionoccursduringmeiosis(B4.2e,B4.3B,B4.3f)(HSLS32)

    a.onlytwogametesmayforminsteadoffourb.somegametesmayhaveanextracopyofsomegenesc.thechromatidsdonotseparated.itoccursduringprophase

    62.Typhoidfever,adiseasethatcausesheadaches,digestiveupset,andahighfever,iscausedbythebacterium,Salmonellatyphi.Typhoidcanbespreadfrompersontopersonbycontaminatedwaterorfoodorbylackofcleanliness.Sincethe19thcentury,thenumberofindividualsinfectedwiththisdiseasehasdecreased.Whichstatementbestexplainswhythenumberofpeoplewiththisdiseaseandotherbacterialdiseaseshasdecreasedoverthelast100years?(B1.2B,B1.2k)

    a.Scientistshavecorrectedthedamagedgenesthatcausetyphoidfeverandotherinfectiousdiseasesb.Publichealthofficialshaveplacedbettercontrolsontheuseoftoxicsubstancesthatcausethesediseasesc.Typhoidfever,likemostotherbacterialdiseases,isoftencausebyalackofpropernutritiond.Personalhabits,suchashandwashing,havegreatlyreducedcontaminationfrombacteria

    63.Exposingapopulationofplantstoradiationorcertainchemicalscanincreasethefrequencyofmutationsthatoccurwithinthepopulation.(B4.2e)(HSLS32)

    a.True b.False64.AspeciesoffinchhasbeenstudiedononeofthegeographicallyisolatedGalapagosIslandsformanyyears.Sincetheislandissmall,thelineageofeverybirdforseveralgenerationsisknown.Thisallowsafamilytreeofeachbirdtobedeveloped.Somefamilygroupshavesurvivedandothershavediedout.Thegroupsthatsurviveprobablyhave(B5.1A,B5.1B,B5.1D,B5.1e,B5.1g,B5.3B)(HSLS41,HSLS42,HSLS43,HSLS44,HSLS45)

    a.interbredwithotherspeciesb.inheritedsomeadvantageousvariationsc.foundnewplacesontheislandtolived.beenattackedbymorepredators

    65.Whichofthefollowingprovidesthemostconclusiveevidencethatorganismsoftwodifferentspeciesshareacommonancestor?(B.5.1C,B5.2B)(HSLS41,HSLS42,HSLS43,HSLS44,HSLS45)

    a.Theyliveinthesameecosystem. c.TheyhavesimilarDNAsequences

    b.Theyreproduceatthesametime. d.Theyhavesimilarbodymovements

    9

  • Name______________________________

    66.Theillustrationbelowshowsthepelvicboneofamoderndaybaleenwhaleandareconstructionofanextinctwhalebaseduponfossilevidence.

    Whatisthebestexplanationforthepresenceofthevestigiallimbsinbothwhalespecies?(B5.1e,B5.1f)(HSLS41,HSLS42,HSLS43,HSLS45)

    a.Whaleshavefunctioninghindlimbsandcanwalkonlandwhennecessary.

    b.Whalesareevolvingintoaspeciesthatwilleventuallyhavefourlegs.

    c.Whalesevolvedfromaspeciesthathadfunctioninghindlimbs.

    d.Whaleslosttheirhindlimbsbecausetheystoppedusingthem.67.Asinglespeciesofsquirrelevolvedovertimeintotwospecies,duetothechangingofgenesinresponsetotheirenvironment,eachonoppositesideoftheGrandCanyon.Thischangewasmostlikelydueto(DOK2)(5.3C,E,B2.2G)(HSLS11,HSLS42,HSLS44,HSLS45)

    a.highmutationratesononesideb.lowgeneticdiversityintheinitialpopulationc.theisolationofthetwogroupsd.differencesinreproductiverates

    68.Asinglespeciesofsquirrelevolvedovertimeintotwospecies,eachonoppositesideoftheGrandCanyon.OnbothsidesoftheGrandCanyonawindstormknocksoutallnutproducingtrees.ThesquirrelspeciesononesideoftheGrandCanyondiesoff,buttheothersquirrelspeciescontinuestothrive.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainswhy?(DOK2)(5.3D)(HSLS42,HSLS44,HSLS45)

    a.bothsquirrelspeciesfedonthenuttreesonlyb.bothsquirrelspecieshadadiversedietc.onesquirrelspeciesonlyfedonnuttreeswhiletheotherhadadiversedietd.bothsquirrelspeciesonlyfedonnuttrees,butonewasabletoadapttoberries

    69.Thespineofaseaurchinandthequillofaporcupineare...

    a.Analogousstructures c.Divergentevolutionb.Homologousstructures d.Vestigialstructures

    70.Whichofthesewouldhavetheleasteffectonnaturalselectioninasubspeciesofgiraffesthatisgeographicallyisolatedfromothersubspeciesofgiraffes?

    a.availableniches c.chromosomenumberb.existingpredators d.availablefoodresources

    10