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Beyond Copy Cataloging:MARCing the Next Frontier
Susan M. Sutch
smsutch@marc-angel.comAn Infopeople Workshop
Winter/Spring 2005-6
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What We Will Cover Verifying bib records
Seven steps for original cataloging
Authority control
Assigning LCSH subjects
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What We Wont Cover
OCLC MARC bib record
Automation system differences
Sears Subject Headings
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Why do we use MARC?
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We Use MARC Because We are no longer islands. Share
bibliographic info rather than re-invent
the 3 x 5 card set at each library.
Sharing info requires materials to beorganized in a standardized fashion.
Union Catalogs and ILL a result
cg2
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Slide 5
cg2 I changed the title so itdoesn't repeat theprevious title.Cheryl, 10/31/2005
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Machine Readable Cataloging
Used in most countries in the world!
MARC 21 current standard (1998-) for U.S.and Canada, England
MARC Division of the Library of Congressand ALA set standard
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Did You Know That
the MARC database is the largest
library expense after the collectionitself?
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MARC Review
On Your MARC
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Cataloging RulesMARC (standard)
AACR2(cataloging bible)
LCRIs (more rules)
Catalogers Desktop
http://desktop.loc.gov/
cg3
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Slide 9
cg3 Is Da in titlecorrect or a typo?Cheryl, 10/31/2005
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Copy Cataloging Steps Verify bibliographic record
Decide to import or create new
Add local holdings tag
949, 852, 967 MARC tag
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Computer Checks Bib Record
by Match tags
whether bib record already
exists
008 fixed tag common positions
245 and 246 indicators know indicators used
by computer system
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Bib Record Import Problems Your automation system is not
importing a bib record it should (or
vice versa)
A copy is attached to the wrong
bib record
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Match Tags to Check When
There Is a Problem
001 control number (accession)
003 control number identifier
010 LCCN
020 ISBN
cg6
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Slide 13
cg6 Can you adda word in the title thatexplains the relevance of the2points? Is it
Look at...
Be sure to check...Don't forget...
Would like to discuss this and following related slides briefly by phone.Cheryl, 10/31/2005
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Check 001 Tag
Control Number
Should have same 001 control number
as the record you want to match
Supposed to be unique, but LC andOCLC might use different controlnumbers for the same record
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Check 003 Tag
Control Number Identifier
Goes with 001 tag
Cataloging Source Code
001 and 003 tags should match the
record you are trying to import if: You want the system to only add a copy
and not a whole new record
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Check Other Match TagsLCCN (010) and ISBN (020)
Subfields:
$a valid computer looks here tomatch
$z invalid
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Verify Bib Record: 008 Tag
42 Positions in the 008 tag:
Some are format specific
Some are universal for all formats
Coded info needs to be consistentwith rest of bib record
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Verify Bib Record:
245 Title Indicators
First indicator 0 if title is main entry (no 1XX tag) 1 if title is added entry (has 1XX tag)
Second indicator -Number of spaces to skip when
alphabetizing the title
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Verify Bib Record:
Other Titles Variant title 246
title in other
areas
first indicatoreither 1 or 3
second indicator
how titledisplayed inOPAC
Parallel title -245 $b
title in other
language
add variant title socan alphabetize anddisplay in OPAC
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Oh No, I Have to Catalog!!!!
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7 Original Cataloging Steps1. MARC format
2. Primary info source
3. Main entries
4. Edition, imprint, extent
5. Notes
6. Subjects
7. Added entries
cg7
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Slide 21
cg7 Numbered stepsCheryl, 10/31/2005
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Cataloging Step #1:
Choose MARC Format
Choose from 8
Book
Electronic resource Serial
Mixed
Map
Visual material
Music
Sound recording
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Cataloging Step #2:
Chief Source of Information Book title page, verso
Electronic resource title screen, ReadMe,
online documentation Serial (print) first issue (online)
Mixed objects themselves
Map entire map(s)
Visual material title and credit frames, thenitem itself
Music title page
Sound recording physical item and labels
cg8
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Slide 23
cg8 I combined this slideand thenext. I know it's a lot on the slide but this kind of info is best seen together. If you plan to talk abouteach item inany detail, please make them appear oneata time on mouseclick to help keep them with you.Cheryl, 10/31/2005
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Cataloging Step #3:
Main EntriesMARC 1XX (author) tag
Main entries: personal 100
corporate 110
conference 111
uniform title 130
1XX tags do not repeat
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Cataloging Step #4:
Edition, Imprint
Imprint
MARC 260 tag
publisher place (notindexed) 008 countrycode used instead
publisher (not indexed)
date (not indexed) 008used instead
Edition
MARC 250 tag
leave blank if firstedition
edition (not indexed)
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Cataloging Step #4:
Extent
MARC 300 tag
no fields indexed, all OPAC display varies by format
Book example
$a number of pages $b illustrated
$c height in centimeters
$e accompanying material
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Cataloging Step #6:
Subjects IndicatorMARC 6XX tag
Most subjects Indicator 2 = 4 (if assigned locally)
Indicator 2 = 0 (if LCSH)
Most systems will index subjects only if
indicator 2 = 0
cg9
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Slide 28
cg9 first line in red text is awkward. can you take out theequal sign? or change the word "is" to "does"
Also need to clarify "which means" can you replace it with the word "zero"Cheryl, 10/31/2005
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Cataloging Step #6:
Subject Indicator Exception
655 tag (genre/form) 1st indicator blank
2nd indicator always 7
Coded subject source in subfield $2
cg11
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Slide 29
cg11 If second bullet is a sub-bullet of first- please indent it. Ifnot, mightneed to rephrase the first bullet so itdoesn'tend withacolon.Cheryl, 10/31/2005
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Cataloging Step #7:
Added Entries
7XX Author/Title
700 Personal 710 Corporate
711 Conference
730 Uniform title
8XX Series
800 Personal 810 Corporate
811 Conference
830 Uniform title
Notice anything?
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Calling All Subjects!!!!
Understanding and Assigning
LC Subject Headings
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Ways to Get the LCSH
Classification Web
Big Red Books
MARC Distribution Service:Subject Authorities
Library of CongressAuthorities web site
Authority files inbibliographic utilities
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How do you Begin Assigning
LCSH Subject Headings?
SLAM
Translate into LCSH terminology main headings
subdivisions
Know LC conventions
No single ref source for all needed info
cg12
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Slide 33
cg12 You mightnot want to put 3 possibleanswers to your question on the slide but justask thequestion, thenput up thecorrectansweras the first bulletpoint. Not sure it's acrucial piece of info butprobably interestingand we would want thecorrectanswer on the
slide.Cheryl, 10/31/2005
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Assign Subjects - SLAM Scan
title page, TOC, preface, introduction, text,
bibliography, index, container Look for
keywords, form of item, authors intent,audience, viewpoint
Ask yourselfAre there one or several topics of focus?
Mentally compose a sentence,This resource is about
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Translate into LCSH TermsMain heading main focus of a
subject (required)
Subdivisions used under mainheading (optional)
established strictly defined
free floating used with many mainheadings
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Ways to Assign LCSH Main
Headings
Search LCSH
follow Use and See Also referencesUse BT and NT
Search library catalogs or utilitiesto find similar items
Search authority files
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Assign LCSH Main Headings
Navigate LCSH gs
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Choose a Subdivision Established for use under a
particular heading
Free-floating
many types of headings, not all
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Where to Get Subdivisions Established
LCSH
authority records
Freefloating
Subject CatalogingManual Free-FloatingSubdivisions: an
Alphabetical Index
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LC Insider Info
Library of Congress patterns/habits evolved over 100
years
contact LC for complete list ofpractices/conventions
each institution chooses which touse and which not to
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LC Convention Examples
Main headings for subjects thatcomprise at least 20%+ of work
Sub-topic becomes separate mainheading if more than 20% of work
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More LC Conventions
First subject heading shouldreflect the primary topic or focus of
work
Broader headings only when not
possible to assign specific
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LC Rule of Three
Rule of three
Separate main headings when up to
three distinct topics are discussed
broad heading applies only if itencompasses the 2-3 subtopics and
nothing else If work discusses more than three
topics, assign broader heading
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Authorizing Everything
Are you Under Authority Control?
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Why We Need Authorities
Example:
Are African American, Soviet Union
proper subject terms?
How do you x-reference these?
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Authority Records:
Completely separate MARC21record
Used together with MARC bibrecord in a computerized library
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How Authority Records Help
The librarian/cataloger
can find things in other systems, provideconsistent access and cross-reference
provides check whether name, title, subject iscorrect
General user in OPAC OPAC see and see also refs
source of catalog info public sees on OPAC
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Why Use Authority Records?
Everyone in English speakingworld using same forms of words
Allows:
consistency of terms
cross references to official term scope notes to further explain
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Different MARC Authority
Records Name
person
corporate
meeting
Jurisdiction
Name/Title classic works
that have beenpublished withdifferent titles
Subject general
genre
geographic
Title not associated
with a particularauthor
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Sample Authority Record from LC
Authorities Online
005 20020521235823.0008 020329|| anannbabn |n ana010 __ $a sh2002003572
040 __ $a DLC $b eng $c DLC150 __ $a English literature $x Asian authors670 __ $a Work cat.: 2002025662: Innes, CatherineLynette.A history of Black and Asian writing in Britain, 2002.680 __ $i Here are entered works of English literaturewritten in Britain by authors of Asian origin or ancestry.Works of literature written in Asia in the English languageare entered under $a Oriental literature (English).
681 __ $i Note under $a Oriental literature (English)
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Authority Records: X-Ref Tags 4XX tags
Used for / see from references
lead from unauthorized toauthorized heading
5XX tags
See also under references
lead from authorized to anotherauthorized heading
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Authority Records:Notes Tags
Cataloger only
use 670 tag (found in)
OPAC display
use 680 tag
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Can I Get MARCAuthority Records Online?
http://authorities.loc.gov
Yes, and they are free!!!!!!!!!!!!
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Putting It All Together
Is my copycat record OK?
Seven steps to do it yourself cataloging
Add a subject
Maintaining authority
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The Final Authority
Order, unity and continuity are
human inventions just as truly as
catalogues and encyclopedias.
Bertrand Russell