Post on 12-Apr-2017
A seminar
OnAutomobile History,Evalution & Growth
Presented
By
Mr.Kamble Sagar Ramchandra
Content
-Automobile-History Of Automobile-Type Of Engine-Future Fuel Used In Automobile Vehicle-Hybrid Car-Super Car-Light Car-New Innovation In Automobile-Future Cars-Smart Safety-Environmental
Automobile
• An automobile, auto car, motor car or car is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transporting passengers, which also carries its own engine or motor. Most definitions of the term specify that automobiles are designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have four wheels, and to be constructed principally for the transport of people rather than goods.
• It was estimated in 2010 that the number of automobiles had risen to over 1 billion vehicles, up from the 500 million of 1986.[The numbers are increasing rapidly, especially in China, India and other NICs.
History Of Automobile
First working STEAM POWERED VEHICLE was built by Ferdinand Verbiest a Flemish member of a Jesuit mission in China around 1672. It was a 65 cm-long scale-model toy for the Chinese Emperor, that was unable to carry a driver or a passenger
Steam Engine
Internal Combution Engine
Four Stroke gasoline Engine
• Karl Benz generally is acknowledged as the inventor of the modern automobile.
• An automobile powered by his own four-stroke cycle gasoline engine was built in Mannheim, Germany by Karl Benz in 1885.
• He began to sell his production vehicles in 1888.
KARL BENZ
In November 1881, French inventor Gustave Trouvé demonstrated a working three-wheeled automobile powered by electricity at the International Exposition of Electricity, Paris
In 1890, Émile Levassor and Armand Peugeot of France began producing vehicles with
Daimler engines, and so laid the foundation of the automobile industry in France.
A photograph of the original Benz Patent Motorwagen, first built in 1885
• His first Motorwagen was built in 1885.
• About 25 Benz vehicles were sold between 1888 and 1893.
• In 1896, Benz designed and patented the first internal-combustion flat engine, called a boxermotor in German.
• During the last years of the nineteenth century, Benz was the largest automobile company in the world with 572 units produced. BOXOR MOTOR
Diesel Engine
HENRY FORD
• Henry Ford was the American founder of the Ford Motor Company and father of modern assembly lines used in mass production.
• His introduction of the Model T automobile revolutionized transportation and American industry.
• The large-scale, production-line manufacturing of affordable automobiles was debuted by Ransom Olds at his Oldsmobile factory in 1902. This concept was greatly expanded by Henry Ford, beginning in 1914.
HENRY FORD
RANSOM E. OLDS
It is generally regarded as the first affordable automobile, the car that opened travel to the common middle-class American, some of this was because of Ford's efficient fabrication, including assembly line production instead of individual hand crafting.
The Ford Model T was named the world's most influential car of the 20th century in an international poll.
Types Of Engine
FUEL & PROPULSION TECHNOLOGIES
• Most automobiles in use today are propelled by gasoline (also known as petrol) or diesel internal combustion engines.
• Known to cause air pollution, climate change & global warming.• Increasing costs of oil-based fuels, tightening environmental laws
and restrictions on greenhouse gas emissions are propelling work on alternative power systems for automobiles.
• Efforts to improve or replace existing technologies include the development of hybrid vehicles, and electric and hydrogen vehicles which do not release pollution into the air.
GASOLINE (PATROL) ENGINE
• Gasoline engines have the advantage over diesel in being lighter and able to work at higher rotational speeds and they are the usual choice for fitting in high-performance sports cars.
• Continuous development of gasoline engines for over a hundred years has produced improvements in efficiency and reduced pollution.
• Most gasoline engine cars can also run on LPG with the addition of an LPG tank and carburetor modifications to add an LPG mixer.
Diesel-engined cars have long been popular in Europe with the first models being introduced as early as 1922 by Peugeot.
The main benefit of diesel engines is a 50% fuel burn efficiency compared with 27% in the best gasoline engines.
Many diesel-powered cars can run with little or no modifications on 100% biodiesel and combinations of other organic oils.
DIESEL ENGINE
Future Technology In Automobile(As A Fuel)
Use of hydrogen as fuel
• Hydrogen is one such fuel that has been proposed for the purpose which was suitable for spark ignition engines .
• Hydrogen combines the properties of higher calorific value ,higher velocity of flame propagation ,non toxicity as well as lowest possible emission levels that do not affect the balance of the water of the hydrosphere.
• More over the by product of combustion are devoid of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide which is the major advantage of vehicles powered by fuel cell vehicles.
WORKING
Car engine that runs on air
• The “mini cat” which uses compressed air, is a simple and light urban car with a tubular chassis, a body of fiberglass which is glued and not welded.
• This car costs about Rs.3,65,000 and will be ready to hit the
roads by August 2012, as scheduled by Tata motors.
ADVANCED TUMBLE FLOW TECHNOLOGY
HYBRID CARS
• A hybrid vehicle is one that combines a smaller-than-normal internal combustion gasoline engine with the electric motor of an electric-powered vehicle.
• They are generally designed to be more aerodynamic than most cars, allowing them to “slice” through the air instead of pushing it out of
the way.
Working of hybrid cars
THE MOOVIE
• The Moovie, an electric powered car, designed by André Costa, doesn't look like an ordinary car. Its round shape and large side sliding doors resemble the futuristic cars we sometimes see in the movies. It seats two people, drives on big wheels and has hollow rims.
• The large wheels save energy because they don't require as much work to turn as small wheels require. Also, the rear-view mirrors neatly fold up away from the sliding doors.
ELECTRIC CAR
• An electric car uses electric motors and motor controllers for propulsion, in place of more common propulsion methods such as the internal combustion engine.
• Electric cars are commonly powered by on-board battery packs, and as such are battery electric vehicles (BEVs).TESLA ELECTRIC POWER ROADSTER
THE ZAP ZEBRA SEDAN
• This golf cart like car is powered 100% by electricity. All it needs to get it going is an electrical socket to plug into and get it charged. The car can reach speeds up to 40 miles an hour.
• If you like trucks more, you're in luck. Zap also has the Xebra PK truck. Turn it into a flat bed or keep it as is.
HYBRID ELECTRIC PETROLEUM CARS
• When the term hybrid vehicle is used, it most often refers to a Hybrid electric vehicle.
• These encompass such vehicles as the:• Toyota Prius• Toyota Camry Hybrid• Ford Escape Hybrid• Toyota Highlander Hybrid• Honda Insight• Honda Civic Hybrid
HONDA INSIGHT
TOYOTA PRIUS
HYPER CARS
• Instead of steel-framed multi-ton vehicles powered by internal combustion engines, it is possible to see cars made of carbon-composite materials that are lighter and stronger than steel, with sleek aerodynamic shapes and incredibly efficient engines.
• In fact, some of these cars are so efficient that you could plug them in and return power to the grid for a discount on your electric bill.
ULTRA-LIGHT CARS• German car startup company, Loremo, which stands for low
resistance mobile, will soon put its first models on sale in Europe that weigh around 1,200 pounds (544 kilograms)
• Ultra light future cars will be made of lightweight products including plastics, aluminum and metal composites and other hybrid materials. By adjusting the weight of the car parts, companies don't have to sacrifice size and can also use smaller engines.
ULTRA (URBAN LIGHT TRANSPORT)
• ULTra (Urban Light Transport), a mass-transit system will be using driverless automatic taxi to send up to 4 passengers running on tracks which are accessible through a series of stations.
• It is powered by a battery pack providing an average 2KW of motive power. It will go into operation within a year in the city of Cardiff, United Kingdom.
New Inovation In Automobile(Techanical)
Self Driving Cars
• This might be the single biggest technology that will hit the automobile industry.
• It might seem like an idea from an old sci-fi movie or some Japanese anime, but google is already in the process of testing out the prototypes.
• Currently the design has drawn a lot of flak but tieups with major automobile giants can push thisTechnology into the main stream.
V2V Car Communication
• V2V stands for vehicle to vehicle communication.• Cars will be equipped with sensors and communication
mechanisms that will enable them to transfer data to each other. This will help avoid accidents, chalk out new routes in case of log jams. For example if the driver of one car were to jump he traffic lights other cars in the vicinity would be notified to slow down in order to avoid any accident.
• Also V2I i.e. vehicle to infrastructure seems another possible avenue which can prove useful. For e.g. slow down or stop signs can signal cars to slow down or stop in specific areas such as schools or hospitals.
New Innovations
• A few of these innovations include– Antilock braking system (ABS)– Traction- Control System (TCS)– Four- wheel steering– Four-wheel drive (4WD)– All- wheel drive (AWD)– Electronically- controlled and active suspension system– Supplemental restraint system ( air bags)– Sequential port fuel injection– And a host of other innovations
SMART SAFETY FEATURES
PRE CRASH SYSTEM
Assisted parking
Airbags
Anti-lock braking system
Global positioning systems
Collision avoidance system
MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS
• Controll An Air pollution.• Materials consumption.• Autos themselves and consumables.• One way cars create pollution is by contributing to the amount of
ground-level ozone.• Cars also pollute by emitting lead from leaded gasoline. • Global warming.• Energy use.• Save Earth For Future
Future Cars
FUTURISTIC CARS
• Futuristic car is totally adaptable. With a press of a button, a driver will be able to broadcast any picture or message anywhere on a car’s surface beside a chosen picture that suits driver’s mood or outfit.
• Car can also broadcast marketing messages. Changing a song, or a radio station, or navigation to a wanted destination will never be easier with automatic (commanded by voice) battler.
Thank You