Post on 23-Jan-2018
Raising Agent Technology
Michelle Briggs – Technical Sales Manager
Australian Society of Baking
28th October 2015
Agenda
• What do raising agents do?
• Key ingredients
• Raising agents in the factory environment
• Handling and storing raising agents
• Sodium reduction solutions
What do raising agents do?
• Reacts to provide gas bubbles
• Increases product volume
• Gives a uniform cell structure
• Achieves a light & airy texture
Makes product customers want to eat !!
The key ingredients - Acidulants
• Sodium acid pyrophosphate
• Monocalcium phosphate
• Sodium aluminium phosphate
• Calcium acid pyrophosphate
The key ingredients - Bicarbonate
• Sodium bicarbonate
• Potassium bicarbonate
• Ammonium bicarbonate
Raising Agents
What Types are Available?FAST ACTING
• Chemical reaction begins when
powders are wetted out: moisture
activated
• Majority of gas release occurs
during batter/dough preparation or
holding stage
• Less gas to come off during baking
Raising Agent Systems
What Types are Available?
SLOW ACTING
• Chemical reaction starts in the oven, not when wetted: heat activated
• Stable batter, unaffected by warm batter temperatures or hot weather
• The majority of gas is released in the oven, optimising product volume
Raising Agent Systems
What Types are Available?
DOUBLE ACTING
• Combination of fast and slow
reaction gives benefit of both
• Need to consider back of pack
labelling
Effect of premature gas release
• Changes in batter viscosity
• Can cause issues with pumping and
depositing if batter thickens
• Changes in dough aeration
• Excessive gassing during a dough
rest can weaken the dough causing
collapse
• Loss of end product volume
• Dense eating texture
WHAT ELSE CAN RAISING AGENTS
INFLUENCE?
Shape and texture
• Fast acting – flatter tops, open
texture
• Slower acting – peaked tops, finer
texture
WHAT ELSE CAN RAISING AGENTS INFLUENCE?
pH
Acidic crumb
• Paler crumb
• Enhances preservative action
Alkali crumb
• Darker crumb colour
• Rustic appearance
Handling and using raising agents
Good Manufacturing Process
• Store in cool, dry conditions
• Once opened, re-seal bags or transfer to
air-tight container where possible
• Avoid adding direct to liquid ingredients
• Where possible pre-blend dry ingredients first
• If pre-blend not possible, use bulk ingredients
as a barrier
Average sodium levels
Product Ave sodium level –
level – mg/100g
UK 2017 target
Savoury biscuits 805 520
Sweet biscuits 229 220
Muffins 366 170
Pancakes 359 450
Cakes 310 170
* Data taken from FSANZ analytical survey on 2009
Sources of sodium in baked goods
SODIUM CHLORIDE100% sodium as salt
RAISING AGENTSUp to 50% sodium as salt
The key ingredients - Acidulants
• Sodium acid pyrophosphate
• Monocalcium phosphate
• Sodium aluminium phosphate
• Calcium acid pyrophosphate
The key ingredients - Bicarbonate
• Sodium bicarbonate
• Potassium bicarbonate
• Ammonium bicarbonate
Carbonates – the gas carrier
ESSENTIAL – The particle size
― Got to have a fine particle size
― Localised areas of high pH from coarse particles
― Easily seen with indicator solution
― Can affect taste
Hydrophobic Potassium Bicarbonate
• Water repellent powder
• Improved stability, even in humid conditions
Cue Demonstration
Vanilla Cake - sodium reduction possible
Ingredient Weight in
Recipe (g)How much sodium?
With sodium bicarb With potassium bicarb
Flour 29.6 - -
Sugar 22.7 - -
Egg 15.7 - -
Margarine 15.0 - -
Water 10.9 - -
Other ingreds 4.5 - -
Salt 0.3 0.120 0.060
SAPP 0.75 0.153 0.153
Sodium bicarb 0.55 0.151 0
TOTAL sodium 0.424g/100g 0.213g/100g
TOTAL (as salt) 1.06g/100g 0.53g/100g
Potassium - why it’s essential in the body
Maintains
healthy bones
Aids in waste
removal
Aids nerve
impulses
Manages blood
pressure
Efficient
cognitive
function – O2
to the brain
Helps muscles
contract
What is the recommended limit?
• ANZ’s average potassium consumption currently = ~ 2800mg/day
• WHO target of 3510mg/day aiming to:
‘..increase potassium intake from food to reduce
blood pressure and the risk of cardiovascular disease,
stroke and coronary heart disease in adults.’WHO. Guideline: Potassium intake for adults and children, Geneva, World Health Organization (WHO), 2012.
10 = 3510mg
Summary
• Raising agents are highly functional
• Think about process when developing
new products
• A simple swap to KUDOS Potassium
Bicarbonate can reduce sodium content
by up to 50%