Post on 03-Aug-2020
Fakultät für Elektrotechnik und InformationstechnikLehrstuhl für Energiesysteme und Energiewirtschaft
technische universität dortmund
Prof.(em.) Dr.-Ing. Edmund Handschin, IEEE Life FellowUniversity of Technology, Dortmund, Germany
Email: edmund.handschin@udo.edu
An Overview of the Technologies and ConceptsInvolved in the Development of Smart Grids
Spanish IEEE/PES Chapter
©Technische Universität Dortmund, Prof. Dr. E. Handschin
Agenda
1. Introduction2. Framework issues3. Seven paths to the grid 20504. Conclusions
©Technische Universität Dortmund, Prof. Dr. E. Handschin
EU targets give a clear signal…
EU-leaders:
20% (30%) CO2 emission reduction in 2020 (compared to 1990)
20% increase in energy efficiency by 2020
20% renewable energy by 2020
Investing heavily in low carbon technology
Agreement to develop the single, interoperable EU energy market
Strengthening the EU’s carbon market
covers 50% of our energy emissions
market value over 20 billion Euros.
©Technische Universität Dortmund, Prof. Dr. E. Handschin
Energising Europe – a real market with secure supply
The 3rd EU package will ensure that all European citizens can take advantage of the numerous benefits provided by a truly competitive energy market.
Aims:1. to separate production and supply from transmission networks 2. to facilitate cross-border trade in energy 3. more effective national regulators 4. to promote cross-border collaboration and investment 5. greater market transparency on network operation and supply 6. increased solidarity among the EU countries
©Technische Universität Dortmund, Prof. Dr. E. Handschin
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Bezugsquelle: IEA (Vigotti)
Solutions depend on:Region
Natural resourcesRequirements
OptionsMarketsTiming
Infrastructure
Innovative Technologies
Smart power electronicsSuperconductivity
©Technische Universität Dortmund, Prof. Dr. E. Handschin
Needed Investment 2030: 750 billion €
Demand
- Growth 2%/year = +1250 TWh until 2030
Generation
- Replacement and expansion of 900 GW needed until 2030
- RES 500 GWpeak needed until 2030
Transmission & Distribution
- Ageing assets, expansion and RES+DG integration
500 G€ until 2030 needed
Markets & Regulation
- Data + information need > 20 G€ investment
(based on 100€ per connection)
©Technische Universität Dortmund, Prof. Dr. E. Handschin
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Seven paths to the grid 2050
1. Optimisation of operation and control
2. Optimisation of the grid infrastructure
3. Integration of renewable energy sources
4. Active distribution networks
5. Information- und communication technologies
6. New market places and energy efficiency
7. Active participation of customers in the energy market
©Technische Universität Dortmund, Prof. Dr. E. Handschin
European Energy Systems
©Technische Universität Dortmund, Prof. Dr. E. Handschin
ENTSO-E System
450 million people served2530 TWh used
630 GW installed capacity @ 500 €/kW = 315 G€230.000 km HV network @ 400 000 €/km = 90 G€Approx. 5.000.000 km MV+LV network
1500 € investment per EU citizen
Largest and most complex man-made system
©Technische Universität Dortmund, Prof. Dr. E. Handschin
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ENTSO-E control areas (2009)
©Technische Universität Dortmund, Prof. Dr. E. Handschin
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International cooperatiom
South-West
South-Est Center
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©Technische Universität Dortmund, Prof. Dr. E. Handschin
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Innovations to handle network congestions
Stability- und Capacity Monitoring
Satellite based phasor measurement
Monitoring of conductor temperature
©Technische Universität Dortmund, Prof. Dr. E. Handschin
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Stability monitoring
Inter-area oscillations in the ENTSO-E network
Identification of critical modes and their damping in order to avoid stability problems
Source: TU DO, ESW
©Technische Universität Dortmund, Prof. Dr. E. Handschin
Nov. 4, 2006 at 21:38
Both 380-kV-lines Conneford-Diele are intentionally disconnected
consequentlyOverloading and disconnection of additional lines between Amprion and Transpower lead to three network islands with different frequencies
22:10
Two lines Wehrendorf-Landesbergen and Bechterdissen-Elsen are automatically disconnected
©Technische Universität Dortmund, Prof. Dr. E. Handschin
Three network islands
©Technische Universität Dortmund, Prof. Dr. E. Handschin
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Seven paths to the grid 2050
1. Optimisation of operation and control
2. Optimisation of the grid infrastructure
3. Integration of renewable energy sources
4. Active distribution networks
5. Information- und communication technologies
6. New market places and energy efficiency
7. Active participation of customers in the energy market
©Technische Universität Dortmund, Prof. Dr. E. Handschin
Reasons for Network Congestions in Europe
Since the liberalisation of the electricity market:Increase of network congestions between EU countriesNetwork congestions are monitored by TSO, regulators and EU commission
Reasons for network congestions:Steady increase of electricity consumptionWide area optimisation of power plantsOptimisation of the supply portfolio with considerable international trading activitiesIncrease of the transit flows in EuropeIntegration of large wind park capacities
©Technische Universität Dortmund, Prof. Dr. E. Handschin
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Innovation to handle network congestions: FACTS
Distributed coordinated power flow control
Conneforde
Maasbracht
Rommerskirchen
VigyUchtelfangen
Achene
Aubange
Moulaine
AvelinAvelgem
Deutschland(D)Belgien
(B)
Frankreich(F)
Gramme
380 kV220 kVPhasenschieber
Lux.
Monceau
Zandvliet
Conneforde
Rommerskirchen
VigyUchtelfangen
Achene
Aubange
Moulaine
AvelinAvelgem
Deutschland(D)
Niederlande
Belgien(B)
Frankreich(F)
Gramme
380 kV220 kVphase shifter
Lux.
Zandvliet
LonnyLonny
Monceau
Siersdorf
Maasbracht
Siersdorf
NiederlangenNiederlangen
HengeloHengelo
GronauGronau
Meeden
DieleNiederlande(NL) Zwolle
Meeden
Diele
(NL) Zwolle
p1, i1
is
MSC
TSR1 TSR2 TSR3TSCPST
i2
u1 u2uh
Dynamic power flow controller
©Technische Universität Dortmund, Prof. Dr. E. Handschin
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HVDC Classic Transmission line
Innovation to handle network congestions
Udcin kV
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
00 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
Power in MW
HVDC VSCwith
Polymercable
HVDC VSC Classic cable
HVDC VSC Transmission line
VSC: Voltage source converter
©Technische Universität Dortmund, Prof. Dr. E. Handschin
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Innovation to handle network congestions
Value: 110 MUSD350 MW
Off-shore cable 75 kmOn-shore cable 30 km
Eastlink with HVDC Light-Reliable energy transport-Environmental friendly-Compact converter stations-Low energy price
HVDC-Polymer cable:< 1100 MW
HVDC-Transmission line:< 6400 MW
©Technische Universität Dortmund, Prof. Dr. E. Handschin
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Seven paths to the grid 2050
1. Optimisation of operation and control
2. Optimisation of the grid infrastructure
3. Integration of renewable energy sources
4. Active distribution networks
5. Information- und communication technologies
6. New market places and energy efficiency
7. Active participation of customers in the energy market
©Technische Universität Dortmund, Prof. Dr. E. Handschin
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Innovations for off-shore wind integration
HVDC sea- and land cable
Longest cable application for wind integration:
Operation: 2009Power: 400 MW
HVDC voltage: +/- 150 kV
AC voltage: 170 kV offshore380 kV onshore (Diele)
Length: 128 km (sea) und 75 km (land)
©Technische Universität Dortmund, Prof. Dr. E. Handschin
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Integration of wind parks and conventional generation
Congestion- and investment evaluation: Coupling of physical and contractual models
Coupled computation ofEnergy marketPower plant powerOperational probabilityNetworkSecurity requirements
©Technische Universität Dortmund, Prof. Dr. E. Handschin
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Desertec Project
• Desertec-foundation (2008) coordinates all activities for the global realisation of the project• Initiated by Münchener Rück a MoU has been signed in July 2009 • Until 2050 up to 10–25 % of the European electric energy demand can be supplied by Desertec
©Technische Universität Dortmund, Prof. Dr. E. Handschin
Transgreen Project
• 43 Mediterranean states approve in May 2010 the solar plan for the Mediterranean region • Until 2020 up to 20 GW of solar power will be installed• The AC link in Gibraltar has an actual capacity of 1400 MW
©Technische Universität Dortmund, Prof. Dr. E. Handschin
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Seven paths to the grid 2050
1. Optimisation of operation and control
2. Optimisation of the grid infrastructure
3. Integration of renewable energy sources
4. Active distribution networks
5. Information- und communication technologies
6. New market places and energy efficiency
7. Active participation of customers in the energy market
©Technische Universität Dortmund, Prof. Dr. E. Handschin
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Development in the distribution network
G GGeneration
Transmission
Distribution Demand
G G
Generation
Generation
Traditional Direction of Distribution
Generation
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©Technische Universität Dortmund, Prof. Dr. E. Handschin
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Development in the distribution network
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10 kV
0,4 kV
10 kV
PV
Yesterday
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10 kV
0,4 kV
10 kV
PV
PVA
WET
Today
~~
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10 kV
0,4 kV
10 kV
~
~
~
PV
PV
FC
MT
FC
FC
WET
Tomorrow
CurrentHeat/ColdNatural gasWater
~MT
©Technische Universität Dortmund, Prof. Dr. E. Handschin
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Seven paths to the grid 2050
1. Optimisation of operation and control
2. Optimisation of the grid infrastructure
3. Integration of renewable energy sources
4. Active distribution networks
5. Information- und communication technologies
6. New market places and energy efficiency
7. Active participation of customers in the energy market
©Technische Universität Dortmund, Prof. Dr. E. Handschin
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Active distribution networks
Topics:• Distribution• Quality• Renweables• Flexibility• Energy Management
Large currents,Low voltages
Energy Web
Mini and Micro turbines
Intelligent powerelectronics
©Technische Universität Dortmund, Prof. Dr. E. Handschin
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Innovations with dispersed generation
ICT for integration of renewable sources and coordination of dispersed generation and load
Combined design of electric power, gas, and heat networks
Smart Metering
ICT- Gateway-
Customer applicationsLoad management
Control of decentralizedgeneration (CHP)
E-Energy Market
ProsumersVirtual power plantsEnergy service providerGrid operatorSmart meter management
via DSL, GPRS, PLC, ...
©Technische Universität Dortmund, Prof. Dr. E. Handschin
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Information and communication technology
Unified technical, commercial and regulatory solutions
Bidirectional communication with customers
Central und decentralized generation with innovative technology
Harmonisation of standards, data formats and protocols
Enablers for better education and improved competence
Substantial R&D budgets required
©Technische Universität Dortmund, Prof. Dr. E. Handschin
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Seven paths to the grid 2050
1. Optimisation of operation and control
2. Optimisation of the grid infrastructure
3. Integration of renewable energy sources
4. Active distribution networks
5. Information- und communication technologies
6. New market places and energy efficiency
7. Active participation of customers in the energy market
©Technische Universität Dortmund, Prof. Dr. E. Handschin
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Technological changes: Distributed generationNew energy sourcesControllable generation and load in the low voltage networkStorage technologies
Internet of Energy
Market opening: Many new stakeholdersCost pressure and efficiency increaseIncrease of competition
Societal changes: • Environmental friendly
generation• Market efficiency• E-Mobilitiy
Distributed and self organizing realisation of
control applications
Flexible and cost-effective
integration of all system components
Shifting some tasks from the transmission
system to the distribution networks
Internet technology for energy solutions
©Technische Universität Dortmund, Prof. Dr. E. Handschin
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New energy market: Pilot projects
E-Energy market
ActiveCustomers:Prosumers
Gridoperator
Energytrader
New services
GenerationMeasurement
AccountingInteroperable, common electronic platform
©Technische Universität Dortmund, Prof. Dr. E. Handschin
Six model regions of E-Energy
Vom Leuchtturm in die Fläche
©Technische Universität Dortmund, Prof. Dr. E. Handschin
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Seven paths to the grid 2050
1. Optimisation of operation and control
2. Optimisation of the grid infrastructure
3. Integration of renewable energy sources
4. Active distribution networks
5. Information- und communication technologies
6. New market places and energy efficiency
7. Active participation of customers in the energy market
©Technische Universität Dortmund, Prof. Dr. E. Handschin
Active participation of customers
Transform these interests into incentives:1. for customers in the centre of all market activities2. socio-economic research for customers acceptance 3. data security and integrity
Increase the motivation for active participation1. variable tariffs2. new tariff structures3. incentives for increasing energy efficiency4. internet of energy offers transparency
Customers interest:• free choice of supplier• fair prices• clean energy • security of supply
©Technische Universität Dortmund, Prof. Dr. E. Handschin
Integration with other fields
Energy awareness Energy efficiency
Communication Entertainment
HouseholdSupply
Consumer electronicComfort
Health andHomecare
Full range of smart grids:Development and deployment
of enabling technologiesfor full integration of
all services
©Technische Universität Dortmund, Prof. Dr. E. Handschin
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Conclusions
Infrastructure development is the key for reaching the goals of modern energy policy
New control and monitoring equipment and international cooperation
Internet of Energy opens new markets and supports the competition
Central und decentralized energy complement one another
New technologies for transmission and distribution systems
European harmonisation of regulation