Over 4000 m

River

N a t u r a l e n v i r o n m e n t B u i l t e n v i r o n m e n t

Wetland

Island

Lake

Gongga Mtn7590 m

2000 to 4000 m

1000 to 2000 m

500 to 1000 m

200 to 500 m

0 to 200 m

0 to 200 m

200 to 2000 m

2000 to 4000 m

4000 to 8000 m

Over 8000 m

K e y

Country border

Country name

Country capital underlinedUlan Bator

JILIN

Korla

Jianou

A n h u i

More than 1 000 000 people

500 000 to 1 000 000 people

100 000 to 500 000 people

Less than 100 000 people

Height ofthe land

Depth ofthe sea

Land belowsea level

Mountain

N E P A L

Dukou

Province border

Province name

148 149

RED BASINSHANGHAI

mouthNANJING

WuhuAnqing

HUANGSHIWUHAN

ShashiYichang

Wanxian

CHONGQINGLuzhou

YibinDukouThree Gorges Dam

sourcePLATEAU OF TIBET

Yangttze River

Yangtze River — river and north bank hinterland profile

CHITTAGONG

FUZHOU

SHANGHAI

KITAKYUSHU

HUAIBEIXI’AN

PUSAN

LANZHOU

QINGDAO

LUDATIANJINTANGSHAN

URUMQI

HARBIN

FUKUOKA

HANGZHOUHEFEI

GUANGZHOU

JINAN

NANJING

HIROSHIMA

ZIBO

HOHHOT

BAOTOU

FUXIN

ANSHAN

FUSHUNBENXI

SEOUL

TAEGU

PYONGYANG

SHENYANG

INCHON

ZHENGZHOU

WUHAN

HUANGSHI

LUCKNOW

CHENGDU

NEW DELHI

LAHORE

KANPUR

JAIPUR

FAISALABAD

GUIYANG

CHONGQING

BAOJI

DACCA

TAIPEI

BEIJING

KAOHSIUNG

Changzhou

LUOYANG

PINGXIANG

KUNMING

NANCHANG

ZHONGSHANDONGGUAN

SHIJIAZHUANG

YICHUN

CHANGCHUNJILIN

LIAOYANGJINZHOU

ZAOZHUANG

HUAINAN

TAIYUAN

HANDAN

ALMA-ATA

YINGKOU DANDONGDATONG

ZIGONG

CHANGSHA

NINGBO

TASHKENT

HANOIHAIPHONG

NAGPUR

HYDERABAD

CALCUTTA

HONG KONG

ZHANJIANG

Liuzhou

Guilin

Amritsar

Xining

Dushanbe

Zhangjiakou

Shihezi

Khabarovsk

Karaganda

Novokuznetsk

Jingdezhen

XINXIANG

Bengbu

WuhuSUZHOU

WUXI

Taichung

XUZHOU

Jiamusi

Vladivostok

Taejon

Kwangju

Ulsan

Shaoguan

Agra

Gwalior

Meerut

LUDHIANA

Dukou

Khulna

Mandalay

Rawalpindi

Peshawar

Srinagar

Barnaul

Irkutsk

YANTAI

Qujing

Suihua

WuweiYinchuan

Zhaotong

Baoshan

HENGYANG

NANNING

Xiamen

Shantou

PINGDINGSHAN

Linfen

Chifeng

DaqingZhaodong

Xianyang

Jixi

Mudanjiang

Gongzhuling

JINXI

Baoding

Yangquan

FENGCHENG

ZHUZHOUXIANGTAN

Ulan Bator

Kagoshima

Bishkek

Liaoyuan

Sholapur

Jabalpur

BHOPAL

PATNA

RanchiDhanbad

JamshedpurHowrah

INDORE

Vishakhapatnam

AllahabadVARANASI

Vijayawada

Tainan

Anyang

Chiang Mai

Haikou

ImphalSinchu

Chilung

Muzaffarnagar

Lhasa

GanganagarSahiwal

Shashi

Chandigarh

Anqing

XUCHANG

YananWEIFANG

Hotan

WEIHAI

Kashi

Qinhuangdao

Namangan

Hami

Yining

Karamay

Ust-Kamenogorsk

Tselinograd

RubtsovskBisk

Nanchong

Luzhou

TongchuanHouma

XingtaiSunchon

Chinju

Chiai

Mokpo

TIELING

Hailar

Songjin

Chongjin

Chunchon

Chita

Komsomolsk-na-Amure

Shuangyashan

Tongliao

Ussurisk

Nakhodka

Haeju

Nampo

Baicheng

Hungnam

Wonsan

Kyongju

Sasebo

XIANGFAN

Yichang

Xinyang

Nanyang

ZhangzhouQuanzhou

Nanping

YatsushiroNagasaki

Nam Dinh

Henzada

Gorakhpur

Bahraich

ShahjahanpurBareillyAligarh

Bhilwara

AmrohaRampur

GujratSialkot Jammu

Jalandhar

Ambala Dehra DunSaharanpur

Sikar

Hissar

Jhansi

Sitapur

DuyunAnshun

Yibin

Neijiang

GauhatiShillong

Mymensingh

Taunggyi

Siliguri

Farrukhabad

Sittwe

Pakokku

TIANSHUI

Mathura

Faizabad

Islamabad

Kuytun

Khujand Andizhan

Temirtau

Pavlodar

Abakan

Ulan-Ude

Angarsk

Wanxian

Mardan

Pabna

Comilla

Ajmer

Bikaner

Zunyi

Kunsan

Kaesong

RajshahiBalurghat Rangpur

Saidpur

Ya Xian

Kaiyuan

Yuxi

Fuzhou

Zhangye

Jiuquan Dongsheng

AksuTurfan

Bole

Qitaihe

Zalantun

Yakeshi

Korla

Changji

YumenJiayuguan

Ya’an

WuhaiShizuishan

QingtongxiaWuzhong

Linxia

Xichang

Dongchuan

Chuxiong

XiaguanDali

Bose

MaomingBeihai

CHANGDE

Sanming

CHAOZHOU

Shenzhen

Shiyan

Luohe

Cangzhou

Anda

Bei’an

HeiheBlagoveshchensk

Ulanhot

SIPINGXilin Hot

Lianyungang

JINING

Yuci

Chimkent

Semipalatinsk

Altay

Kzyl-Orda

Xuanhua

Yanji

SHAOXING

Shangrao

Chonan

Linhe

Angren

Chirchik

Dzhambul

Tacheng

Gejiu

Baghlan

VinhBellary

KurnoolRaichur

Gulbarga

Latur Nizamabad

Parbhani

Puri

Chandrapur

RaipurSambalpur

Khandwa

Ujjain

Asansol

MurwaraRewa

Gaya

Darbhanga

Hospet Rajahmundry

Udaipur

Burdwan

Cuttack

Berhampur

Rourkela

BiharPurneaArrah

MuzaffarpurRatlam Saugor

DhuliaBurhanpur

Jalna

AkolaAurangabad

Bilaspur

Bhilai

Warangal

Bhubaneswar

Tenali

Kotah

Katihar

Nabadwip

Katmandu

Chongju

Manzhouli

Macau

WENZHOU

IlaganTuguegarao

Boshan

Kulyab

Turkestan

Spassk-Dalniy

BelogorskSvobodny

Kyzyl

Birobidzhan

Kanggye

Hyesan

Jalpaiguri

FatehpurBandaDibrugarh

Sadiya

Nowgong

Balkhash

Tulun

Laoag

Golmud

Jianou

Pingxiang

Xigaze

Najin

Hazaribagh

Satna

Changhua

Prome

Lampang

Aparri

Yenangyaung

MyitkyinaKohima

Shache Wuyuan

Kuqa

Altay

UndurkhanTsetserligUliastay

AyaguzUlegei

Nenjiang

Borzya

Mogocha

Batac

Vigan

Guanghua

Chongup

Kilchu

Hoeryong

Samchok

Choybalsan

Sainshanda

Magdagachi

Luang PrabangChiang Rai

Magwe

Darjeeling

Kannauj

Gangtok

Kurgan Tyube

Aleysk

HovdBulagan

Mandalgobi

Muren

Dalandzadagad

Darhan

Khorog

Azamgarh

Tengchong

SukhebatorUlangom

Erenhot

Arbaikhere

Baruun-Urt

Aginskoye

Thimphu

Leh

Bayankhongor

Wandingzhen

Yushu

Bureya

Yacheng

Never

Aksha

Uuldza

Olga

Lashio

Itanagar

Loikaw

Kounradski

Dzhizak

Tamsag Bulag

Falam

Andreyevka

Salw

een

R

Godavari

River

R

Krishna

Mouthsof the

Ganges

Yamuna

R

RG

anges

SutlejRiver

River

Jhel

um

Indus

River

Yark

ant

River TarimRiver

BostenLake

Lop Nor

Yangtze

SalweenNamLake

Brahmaputra

BrahmaputraRiver

River

River

Chin

dwin

Irrawad

dy Rive

rRi

ver

RiverM

ekongRiver

QinghaiLake

Hwang

BlackRed

River

Yang

tze

Syr

River

LakeBalkhash

Ili

River

LakeIssyk

LakeAlakol

LakeZaisan

River

Irtysh

Ob

River

YeniseyRive

r

UbsuLake

DorgonLake

LakeHovsgol

Selenga River

LakeBaykal

Lena

River

Kerulen

Shilka

VitimRive

r

Rive

r

HulunLake

Rive

r

Amur

River

Rive

r

Nen

Songhua

R

Amur

Liao R

Gulf of Chihli

West Korea Bay

East Korea Bay

Peter theGreat Bay

River

WuRiver

Kwei

R

Xi R

River

DongtingLake Poyang

Lake

Rive

rG

an

River

Han

WeiRiver

Fen

R Hwang

R

Hongze LakeGaoyou Lake

LakeKhanka

Rive

r

Rive

rU

ssur

i

Cheju Strait

Bashi Channel

Luzon StraitGulf of Tonkin

R

B a y o f B e n g a l

S E A

O F

J A P A N

Y E L L O W

S E A

E A S T

C H I N A

S E A

S O U T H

C H I N A

S E A

P A C I F I C

O C E A N

Ko

r ea

S

t ra

i t

P H I L I P P I N ES E A

Shot

oTr

ench

Nansei

I

VITIM

PLATEAU

YABLONOVY

RANGE

WESTERN

SAYAN

KAZAKH UPLANDS

ALTAI MOUNTAINSKHANGAI MOUNTAINS

SIK

HO

TE M

OU

NTA

INS

QILIAN MOUNTAINS

TARIM BASIN

BAYAN HAR MOUNTAINS

RED BASIN

WU

LIAN

G M

OU

NTA

INS

AR

AK

AN

RA

NG

E

BUREISKIY RANGE

SHAN PLATEAU

HENGDUAN

NINGJING MOUNTAINSRANGE

DABA MOUNTAINSNYAINQENTANGLHA

PLATEAU OF TIBET(XIZANG PLATEAU)H I M A L A Y A S

Pobeda Peak 7439 m

NAGA HILLS M

TS

WUYI

M

OUNTAINS

K U N L U N M O U N T A I N S

T I E N M O U N T A I N S

HINDU KUSH

DA

XU

E M

TS

LANG MOUNTAINS

TURFAN DEPRESSION

PAMIRS

DECCAN PLATEAU

GR

EA

TER

HIN

GG

AN

MO

UN

TAIN

S

PE

GU

RA

NG

E

Hkakabo Razi5881 m

Annapurna 8078 m

Ulugh Muztagh 7726 m

Mt Belukha4503 m

Grandioznyy2922 m

Mt Oblachnaya1855 m

Fan si pan3414 m

Gongga Mtn7590 m

Mt Everest8848 m

Mt Makalu 8476 m

Muztagh Ata 7546 m

Hlako Kangri6482 m

Kula Kangri 7554 m

Communism Peak 7495 m

KARAKORAM

RANGE

Godwin Austen (K2) 8611 m

Tirich Mir 7699 m

Munku Sardyk 3491 m

Asaralta 2776 m

Cape Engano

K A Z A K H S T A N

K I R G I Z I A

P A K I S T A N

I N D I A

N E P A L

M Y A N M A R

L A O S

V I E T N A M

P H I L I P P I N E S

T A I W A N

C H I N A

M O N G O L I A

S O U T HK O R E A

N O R T HK O R E A

R U S S I A

AFGHANISTAN

TADZHIKISTAN

BANGLADESH

BHUTAN

THAILAND

MANCHURIA

Sundarbans

Ordos

Desert

G o b iD e s e r t

Cheju Island

Tanega IslandYaku Island

Hainan

Luzon

Okinawa

Okinoerabu IslandTokuno Island

Amami Island

Babuyan Islands

Batan Islands

Tokara Group

Kyushu

0 200 400 600 800 km

1 centimetre on the map represents190 kilometres on the ground.

1 : 19 000 000

Equidistant Conic Projection

40˚N

70˚E 80˚E 90˚E 100˚E 110˚E 120˚E 130˚E 140˚E

40˚N

30˚N

20˚N

120˚E110˚E100˚E90˚E80˚E

20˚N

30˚N

Tropic of Cancer

2

3

4

D E F G

A B C D E F G H

2

3

4

1

1

CB

N

Y u n n a n

G u a n x i Z h u a n g z u G u a n g d o n g

F u j i a n

J i a n g x i

H u n a nG u i z h o u

S i c h u a n

S h a a n x i

Z h e j i a n g

S h a n g h a i

A n h u i

J i a n g s u

S h a n d o n g

H u b e i

H e n a n

G a n s u

H e b e i

S h a n x i

B e i j i n g

T i a n j i n

N e i M o n g o l

L i a o n i n g

J i l i n

X i n j i a n g U y g u r

Q i n g h a i

X i z a n g

H a i n a n

J A P A N

N i n g x i aH u i z u

Hegang

QIQIHAR

H e i l o n g j i a n g

50˚N

5

SHANGHAI

BEIJING

TIANJIN

0 400 800 km HAINAN

JIANGXIZHEJIANG

HENAN

HEILONGJIANG

QINGHAI

YUNNAN

SICHUAN

GANSU

JILIN

FUJIAN

HUNAN

GUIZHOU

GUANGDONG

JIANGSU

HUBEI

SHAANXI

HEBEI

SHANDONG

SHANXI

NINGXIAHUIZU*

ANHUI

LIAONING

XIZANG*

XINJIANG UYGUR*

GUANXIZHUANGZU*

People per square kilometre

400 to 500

Under 100

100 to 200

200 to 300

300 to 400

Over 500

N

NEIMONGOL*

* Autonomous region

China (E3) Largest country by population: 1 166 140 000 people

Tianjin 10.71Beijing 9.05

Yunnan22.00

Shanghai 6.50

Xinjiang Uygur21.53

Xizang26.68 Guizhou

22.60

1994 birth rate per 1000 peopleNational average 18.09 Provinces with highest birth rates

China’s population 1964–1994 199419640.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

Billio

n

1964 Urban family planning program begins

1972 National family planning program begins1979 One child policy begins

c a s e s t u d y • c a s e s t u d y • c a s e s t u d y • c a s e s t u d y • c a s e s t u

Th

e

H u m a n W

or ldT

he

H u m a n W

or ld

♦JA

CARANDA ATLA

S♦♦

JAC

ARANDA ATLAS

♦

CHINA’S GROWING POPULATION

Provincial birth rates, 1994

GO TOGO TOREFERENCE

26