Post on 08-Oct-2020
23/10/2019 | Sascha Paulus 1
23/10/2019 | Sascha Paulus 2
Absorption-Heatpumps. Basics, functions and applications. Sascha Paulus Rütgers GmbH & Co. KG
23/10/2019 | Sascha Paulus 3
Basics.
History
1859 first ammonia/water absorption chiller
1945 first lithium-bromide/water based absorption chiller
Today: Renaissance of the absorption chiller technology due to
increasing significance of energy efficient heating and cooling
solutions
Waste heat as energy source
Water (R718) as refrigerant
Ferdinant Carré
23/10/2019 | Sascha Paulus 4
Basics.
Absorption
Adsorption
Differentiation
ABsorption
Penetration of elements (e.g. water) into the interior of a solid
body
ADsorption
Accumulation of elements on the surface of a solid body
without phase transition (e.g. silica gel, zeolite)
23/10/2019 | Sascha Paulus 5
Basics.
Refrigerant: Water (R718)
Natural refrigerant
No Global Warming Potential (GWP 0)
Non-flammable
Non toxic
Special coherence of temperature and pressure
The lower the pressure in a closed system, the lower the
evaporation temperature of water.
vapor pressure curve
solid, ice
gasiform, vapor
liquid, water
Tripel-Point
23/10/2019 | Sascha Paulus 6
Basics.
Absorbent: Lithium-Bromide solution
LiBr salt is a crystal with a strong hygroscopic characteristic
Special coherence between, concentration, temperature and
pressure
Water vapor can be absorbed depending on the concentration
of the LiBr solution
Boiling temperature 1265°C
heating up the LiBr solution leads to a thermal separation of
LiBr solution and water vapor
saturation temperature of the solution [°C]
de
w p
oin
t o
f th
e r
efri
gera
nt
vap
or
[°C
]
Satu
rati
on
vap
or
pre
ssu
re o
f th
e re
frig
era
nt
[mb
ar]
limits of solubility of LiBr in water
concentration
23/10/2019 | Sascha Paulus 7
Functional principle.
Evaporation-Process
▪ Medium to be cooled (coolant) runs through
the piping of the evaporator
▪ refrigerant pump conveys refrigerant (water)
into the evaporation chamber
▪ Evaporating energy will be detracted out of
the coolant
▪ By this coolant will be cooled down
23/10/2019 | Sascha Paulus 8
Absorption-Process
▪ Strong LiBr solution enters into the
absorption chamber
▪ Water vapor from the evaporator chamber
will be absorbed by the strong solution
▪ Concentration of LiBr becomes weaker
▪ Thermal energy of the dilution process is
dissipated to the cooling water
▪ Solution pump conveys weak solution to the
generator
Functional principle.
23/10/2019 | Sascha Paulus 9
Generator-Process
▪ Supply of external heat source into the
generator
▪ Thermal separation of LiBr solution and
water
▪ Refrigerant vapor moves over to the
condenser camber
▪ Concentration of LiBr solution is stronger
again
Functional principle.
23/10/2019 | Sascha Paulus 10
Condensing-Process
▪ Refrigerant vapor (water vapor) moves to
the cold surface of the condenser piping
▪ Cooling water streams through the
condenser piping and dissipates heat of the
refrigerant vapor
▪ Refrigerant vapor re-condensates on the
colder surface of the condenser piping and
becomes water again
Functional principle.
23/10/2019 | Sascha Paulus 11
Product-Variants.
Direct fired Flue gas
Driving Sources
Hot water Steam
23/10/2019 | Sascha Paulus 12
Single Effect
Generator inlet temperature can be used 1 time
Construction with 1 generator
LPG = low pressure generator
e.g. hot water, low pressure steam
Evaporator ~ 40% Input, generator ~ 60% Input
Condenser 100% Output
COPCooling ~ 0,7
COPHeating ~ 1,7
Product-Variants.
LPG
23/10/2019 | Sascha Paulus 13
Double Effect
Generator inlet temperature can be used 2 times
Construction with 2 generators
LPG = low pressure generator
HPG = high pressure generator
e.g. flue gas, steam 7bar(g) (170°C)
Evaporator ~ 60% Input, generator ~ 40% Input
Condenser 100% Output
COPCooling ~ 1,5
COPHeating ~ 2,5
Product-Variants. LPG HPG
23/10/2019 | Sascha Paulus 14
Applications.
Don‘t waste your waste heat!
23/10/2019 | Sascha Paulus 15
Absorption Chiller Cooling Application
Driving Source Back Cooler
120°C 75°C
12°C
6°C
32°C
38°C
Focus Cooling Waste heat is used as driving source on a
high temperature level for the generator The thermal energy of the condenser can be
put on a medium temperature level into a cooling tower system or can be used for another consumer load
Chilled water can be used on a low
temperature level for the cooling application
Chiller Application.
23/10/2019 | Sascha Paulus 16
Chiller Application.
Range of use
Cooling capacity 150 - 10.000kW
Driving heat source Hot water 80-180°C Steam 1-8bar(g) Flue gas 250 – 520°C Direct fired oil, gas
Chilled water outlet >5°C
Cooling water outlet <40°C
Ambient temperature > 5°C, < 40°C
Capacity control 100-20%
Load conditions stable base loads
COPCooling (QG/QE) 0.70 – 1.55
Electrical power input Pel : Qth <<5%
23/10/2019 | Sascha Paulus 17
Electr. Power
Cooling
Heating
90°C
70°C
70°C
90°C
12°C
7°C
32°C 38°C € kWh
Absorption Chiller CHP
Back Cooler
2000kW nel=35%, nth=50%
COPAKM=0,7
1.700kW
700kW
700kW
1.000kW
Chiller Application.
Example of use Cogeneration of Cooling, Heating and Power (CCHP) by implementing an absorption chiller into a CHP System. Use of CHP waste heat also in the
summertime Possibility to generate own electrical power
the whole year through
Supply of the total cooling power without any compressors
Reduction of power consumption for the
cooling system by more than 95% possible
23/10/2019 | Sascha Paulus 18
Absorption Heatpump Heat Source
Driving Source Heating Application
7barü <95°C
40°C
30°C
60°C
90°C
Focus Heating Waste heat is used as driving source on a
high temperature level for the generator Process water can be used on a medium
temperature level as a heat source for the evaporator
The thermal energy of the condenser can be
used as hot water for the heating application
Heatpump Application.
23/10/2019 | Sascha Paulus 19
Heatpump Application.
60°C
90°C
Range of use (1st category)
Heating capacity 1.000 - 70.000kW
Driving heat source Hot water 80-180°C Steam 1-8bar(g) Flue gas 250 – 520°C Direct fired with oil or gas
Heat source in 15 – 60°C process water
Using Side out 70 – 100°C hot water
Ambient temperature > 5°C, < 40°C
Capacity control 100-20%
Load conditions stable base loads
COPHeating (QG/QC) 1.65 – 1.80
Electrical power input Pel : Qth <<5%
23/10/2019 | Sascha Paulus 20
Heatpump Application.
Range of use (2nd category)
Heating capacity 1.000 - 70.000kW
Heat source in Hot water >60°C Exhaust steam >90°C
Using side out 100 – 170°C hot water
Cooling water out <40°C
Ambient temperature > 5°C, < 40°C
Capacity control 100-20%
Load conditions stable base loads
COPHeating (QG/QC) 0.44 – 0.48
Electrical power input Pel : Qth <<5%
23/10/2019 | Sascha Paulus 21
• d
Heat Pump 60 oC
90 oC
40 oC
30 oC
Example of use Integration of an Absorption Heat Pump into a power plant Load relieving of the heating
system by 30K Higher inlet temperatures into
the heat exchanger possible Load relieving of the cooling
tower Lower consumption of the
cooling water Decrease of the overall
operating costs by 40%
boiler
Steam-Turbine
heat station
Steam 5bar(g)
steam heat
exchanger
use of exhaust steam
power plant cooling tower
condenser
condensate back to boiler
Heatpump Application.
23/10/2019 | Sascha Paulus 22
Balance of Energy GENERATOR: Waste heat, steam 5bar (g) QH= 1.400kW EVAPORATOR: Cooling tower, 30/40°C Q0= QH x COP= 1.000kW CONDENSER: Hot Water 60/90°C QC= QH + Q0= 2.400kW HEAT INPUT: 1.400kW HEAT OUTPUT: 2.400kW COPH 1.7 SAVINGS: 40%
• d
Heat Pump 60 oC
90 oC
40 oC
30 oC
boiler
Steam-Turbine
heat station
Steam 5bar(g)
steam heat
exchanger
use of exhaust steam
power plant cooling tower
condenser
condensate back to boiler
Heatpump Application.
23/10/2019 | Sascha Paulus 23
Heatpump Application. World wide there have been installed more than 300 absorption heat pumps. The world largest capacity heat pump has got a total heating capacity of 10× 43.24MW and is installed in the Shenyang Thermal Power Plant in China.
23/10/2019 | Sascha Paulus 24
Other Applications and Markets.
Tri-Generation
Food&Beverage Chemical
District Heating Power Plants
Recycling
Solar Cooling
All other applications which
have waste heat
available and need big heating or
cooling capacities
Biogas Plants
H2 production
23/10/2019 | Sascha Paulus 25
Summary.
BENEFITS
Use of existing waste heat as a driving source
Hot water >80°C, steam 1-8barg, flue gas 250-520°C can be used
Low legal barriers (refrigerant H20, non flammable, GWP=0)
Very low electrical power consumption (Pel : Qth <<5% )
Low operating costs
less rotating parts
high reliability
Huge capacity loads possible (>> 1.000kW)
High hot water temperature level possible (up to 170°C)
23/10/2019 | Sascha Paulus 26
Thank you!
Dipl. Ing. (FH) Sascha Paulus
Sales Engineer / Head of Branch Office Bavaria
Rütgers GmbH & Co. KG
Waldleite 12 95365 Rugendorf
Germany
phone +49 (0) 9223 215 10 32 mobile + 49 (0) 172 297 6281
Sascha.Paulus@Ruetgers.com
www.ruetgers.com
23/10/2019 | Sascha Paulus 27