Post on 02-Jan-2016
description
2003 年イラン・バム地震地震被害調査
Y. Hisada (Kogakuin Univ.)
A. Shibayama (Kogakuin Univ.)
with collaboration of IIEES
(G. Reza Nouri and Masard M. Ahari)
イラン・バム地震調査団
文部科学省突発災害調査研究・調査団 （代表：九州大学 鈴木貞臣教授） 日本建築学会調査団 （団長：東北大学大学 源栄正人教授） 日本地震工学会調査団 （団長：東京大学 小長井一男教授） 土木学会調査団（団長：金沢大学 宮島昌克教授）調査日程 → 2004 年２月２３日～３月４日
概要
震源近傍の地震動特性と被害 各種構造の被害調査 衛星携帯と Web GIS による即時被害情報伝
達
イラン地図
Bam
Kerman
Tehran
イランの人口と地震危険度マップ
バム周辺の地震活動
http://www.iiees.ac.ir/English/Bam_report_english_seismicity.html
2003 12/26 Bam Earthquake (Mw6.6)
イラン・バム地震（ 2003 年 12 月２６日 5:26 AM ）
M6.6(d=10km) 被害概要 (OCHA 資料 )
・総死者数：約 43,200 人。・バム市内を中心として
10km の範囲が被害を受け、旧市街では 80 － 100 ％、新市街では 60 ％の建物が倒壊。
Bam 地震の震源モデル（ Yagi Model ）
右横ずれ断層
2003 12/26 Bam Earthquake (Mw6.6)
http://www.iiees.ac.ir/English/Bam_report_english_seismicity.html
断層破壊は南へ？
Bam 市での調査地域（強震・余震観測点）
強震記録（ Bam Governor's Office ）
加速度波形 速度波形
計測震度： 6.1
強震記録（ Bam Governor's Office ）
加速度応答スペクトル 速度応答スペクトル
Bam Governor's Office
MSK/EMS98 による建物の脆弱性クラス
(from European Macroseismic Scale 1998, Ed. G. Grunthal)
→ Adobe, Simple Masonry, Masonry with Steel Frame Masonry with RC Frame, RC Frame, Steel Frame
Bam の非工学的建築：アドベ（日干し煉瓦＋粘土モルタル）
Adobe (Class A)
Bam の非工学的建築：非補強組石造（セメントモルタル）
Simple Masonry (Class B)
Bam の非工学的建築：鉄骨補強組石造
Masonry with Steel Frame (Class C)
Bam の非工学的建築： RC 強組石造
Masonry with RC Frame (Class D)
MSK/EMS98 による建物被害グレード
G1
G2
G3
G4
G5
MSK/EMS98 による建物の脆弱性クラス、被害グレードと震度の関係
a few : about 0 – 20 %many: about 20 – 60 %most: about 60 – 100 %
ⅩⅠ
バム市における強震・余震観測点
Station No.1
Station No.2Station No.3
Station No.4
Station No.5
Station No.6
Station No.7
Station No.8
Main ShockStation
Satellite Image(Kosugi Lab, TIT)
Arge Bam
Station No.2 Station No.2 Station No.2
Satellite Image before and after the Earthquake
Before After
Estimated Damage Buildings (Kosu
gi Lab., TIT)
住宅地図として使用
Aftershock Station No.1 ( ５１ ):Residential area with many old buildings
Station No.1
Investigated Area
→ MSK/EMS98 Intensity Ⅹ ～ⅩⅠ
Aftershock Station No.1 ( ５１ ):Residential area with many old buildings
Station No.1
Investigated Area
→ MSK/EMS98 Intensity Ⅹ ～ⅩⅠ
Station No.1 (Total 51)
05
101520253035
adobe simplemasonry
masonrywith steel
frame
masonrywith RCframe
steel frame RC frame
Station No.1 (Total 51)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
adobe simplemasonry
masonrywith steel
frame
masonrywith RCframe
steel frame RC frame
G5 G4 G3 G2 G1
Aftershock Station No.2 ( ２８１ ):Commercial area with many old buildings
Station No.2
Investigated Area
→ MSK/EMS98 Intensity Ⅹ ～ⅩⅠ
Aftershock Station No.2 ( ２８１ ):Commercial area with many old buildings
Station No.2
Investigated Area
→ MSK/EMS98 Intensity Ⅹ ～ⅩⅠ
Station No.2 (Total 281)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
adobe simplemasonry
masonrywith steel
frame
masonrywith RCframe
steel frame RC frame
Station No.2 (Total 281)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
adobe simplemasonry
masonrywith steel
frame
masonrywith RCframe
steel frame RC frame
G5 G4 G3 G2 G1
震源近傍の強震動の特性
西
Aftershock Station No.3 ( ９７ ) :Residential Area with new buildings
Station No.3
Investigated Area
→ MSK/EMS98 Intensity Ⅸ
Aftershock Station No.3 ( ９７ ) :Residential Area with new buildings
Station No.3
Investigated Area
→ MSK/EMS98 Intensity Ⅸ
Station No.3 (Total 97)
0102030405060708090
adobe simplemasonry
masonrywith steel
frame
masonrywith RCframe
steel frame RC frame
Station No.3 (Total 98)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
adobe simplemasonry
masonrywith steel
frame
masonrywith RCframe
steel frame RC frame
G5 G4 G3 G2 G1
Aftershock Station No.4 ( ５４ ): Residential area with old buildings
Station No.4
Investigated Area
→ MSK/EMS98 Intensity Ⅹ
Aftershock Station No.4 ( ５４ ): Residential area with old buildings
Station No.4
Investigated Area
→ MSK/EMS98 Intensity Ⅹ
Station No.4 (Total 54)
05
101520253035
adobe simplemasonry
masonrywith steel
frame
masonrywith RCframe
steel frame RC frame
Station No.4 (Total 54)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
adobe simplemasonry
masonrywith steel
frame
masonrywith RCframe
steel frame RC frame
G5 G4 G3 G2 G1
Aftershock Station No.5 ( ８０ ) : Residential area with old buildings
Station No.5
Investigated Area
→ MSK/EMS98 Intensity Ⅹ ～ⅩⅠ
Aftershock Station No.5 ( ８０ ) : Residential area with old buildings
Station No.5
Investigated Area
→ MSK/EMS98 Intensity Ⅹ ～ⅩⅠ
Station No.5 (Total 80)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
adobe simplemasonry
masonrywith steel
frame
masonrywith RCframe
steel frame RC frame
Station No.5 (Total 80)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
adobe simplemasonry
masonrywith steel
frame
masonrywith RCframe
steel frame RC frame
G5 G4 G3 G2 G1
Aftershock Station No.6 ( ７１ ): south suburb with new buildings
Station No.6
Investigated Area
→ MSK/EMS98 Intensity Ⅸ ～Ⅹ
Aftershock Station No.6 ( ７１ ): south suburb with new buildings
Station No.6
Investigated Area
→ MSK/EMS98 Intensity Ⅸ ～Ⅹ
Station No.6 (Total 71)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
adobe simplemasonry
masonrywith steel
frame
masonrywith RCframe
steel frame RC frame
Station No.6 (Total 71)
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
adobe simplemasonry
masonrywith steel
frame
masonrywith RCframe
steel frame RC frame
G5 G4 G3 G2 G1
Aftershock Station No.7 ( ９３ ) :Commercial area with many new buildings
Station No.7
Investigated Area
Main ShockStation
→ MSK/EMS98 Intensity Ⅸ ～Ⅹ
Aftershock Station No.7 ( ９３ ) :Commercial area with many new buildings
Station No.7
Investigated Area
Main ShockStation
→ MSK/EMS98 Intensity Ⅸ ～Ⅹ
Station No.7 (Total 93)
05
101520253035
adobe simplemasonry
masonrywith steel
frame
masonrywith RCframe
steel frame RC frame
Station No.7 (Total 93)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
adobe simplemasonry
masonrywith steel
frame
masonrywith RCframe
steel frame RC frame
G5 G4 G3 G2 G1
S 造建物の被害
西
Aftershock Station No.8 ( １１２ )
: Residential area with old buildings
→ MSK/EMS98 Intensity Ⅹ
1M3 St.8
2
M
2
1
M
3
1
M
3
1
M
3
1
M
4
1
M
5
1
M
5
1
M
5
1
M
5
2
M
5
1
M
4
1
M
5
1
M
4
1
M
5
1
M
5
1
M
4
1
M
3
de
br
is
1
M
5
1
M
5
1
M
5
1
M
5
1
M
5
1
M
5
1
M
5 1
M
5 1
M
4
1
M
4
1
M
3
1
M
4
1
A
5
1
M
5
1
M
3
2
M
5
1
M
5
2
M
S
3
1
M
4
2
M
S
4
de
br
is
de
br
is
1
M
5
1
S
2
de
br
is
1
M
5
1
M
4
1
M
3
de
br
is
1
M
5
1
M
5
1
M
5
1
M
4
1
M
S
3
1
M
4
1
A
4
1
A
4
1
M
4
1
M
4
1
M
4
1
M
4
1
M
5
1
M
5
1
M
5
1
M
5
1
M
3
1
M
5
1
M
4
1
M
5
1
M
S
1
de
br
is de
br
is
de
br
is
1
M
3
1
M
3
2
M
S
3
1
M
3
1
M
4
1
M
3
1
M
4
1
M
3
1
M
3
Water Tower
1
A
4
Date Trees
de
br
is
1
M
5
1
M
3 1
M
4
1
M
4
1
M
4
1
M
4
1
M
5
1
M
2
1
A
3
1
M
2
de
br
is
1
A1
A1
1
A
5
1
A1
Adobe Village
de
br
is 1
A
4 1
M
2
1
M
3
1
M
1
1
M
2
1
M
5
1
M
4
1
M
4
2
R
C
2
1
M
4
1
M
4
1
M
5
1
M
5
1
M
5
1
M
5
1
M
5 1
M
5
1
M
5
1
M
5
1
M
5
1
M
5
de
br
is
1
M
5
1
M
4
No.8 Station (Feb. 29)
NStation No.8
Station No.8 (Total 112)
0102030405060708090
100
adobe simplemasonry
masonrywith steel
frame
masonrywith RCframe
steel frame RC frame
Station No.8 (Total 112)
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
adobe simplemasonry
masonrywith steel
frame
masonrywith RCframe
steel frame RC frame
G5 G4 G3 G2 G1
Total Data ( ８３９ Buildings)
→ MSK/EMS98 Intensity Ⅹ
Vulnerability Class: A B C D E? D?
Total 839
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
adobe simplemasonry
masonrywith steel
frame
masonrywith RCframe
steelmomentframe
RCmomentframe
Total 839
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
adobe simplemasonry
masonrywith steel
frame
masonrywith RCframe
steelmomentframe
RCmomentframe
G1 (negligible to slight damage)G2 (moderate damage)G3 (substantial to heavy damage)G4 (very heavy damage)G5 (destruction)
航空写真による推定被害分布と本調査結果との比較
Main ShockStation
Station No.1 (51)
6%
14%
8%
0%
72%
G5G4G3G2G1
Station No.3 (98)
43%
14%
3%
10%
30%
G5G4G3G2G1
Station No.4 (54)
0%
15%
20%
13%
52%
G5G4G3G2G1
Station No.2 (281)
2%
13%
9%
20%56%
G5G4G3G2G1
Sation No.5 (80)1%
18%
11%
6%64%
G5G4G3G2G1
Sation No.6 (71)
4%
21%
25%
23%
27%
G5G4G3G2G1
Station No.7 (93)2%
16%
35%17%
30%
G5G4G3G2G1
Station No.8 (112)
2%
44%
29%
18%
7% G5G4G3G2G1
伝統的文化建築の消滅？？
衛星携帯と Web GIS による即時被害情報伝達システム
Click
http://sisasc.informatix.co.jp/iran
http://sisasc.informatix.co.jp/iran
Click
http://sisasc.informatix.co.jp/iran
Click
Click
まとめ
震源近傍の強震動特性（断層面直交成分の卓越）と、それに起因する被害パターンが見られた
地盤による被害や土木構造物の被害は殆ど無く、建築物に被害が集中した
断層に近い市の東側で被害が大きく、西に行くに従い被害が小さくなる
震度は MSK/EMS98 で最大で１０～１１程度
まとめ 非工学的建築物の被害は、アドベ、単純組積、鉄骨
補強組積、 RC 補強組積の順に被害が低減される 工学的建築物（ RC 造、 S 造）は数が少ないものの、
非工学的建築物に比べると被害が小さい 但し、歴史上大きな地震が無い地域のため、水平力
に対する認識が低く、対策が著しく劣っている アドベなど耐震性に劣る地域の文化建築の保存に
要対策 衛星携帯と Web GIS による即時被害情報伝達シス
テムの有用性を確認
今後の研究予定 (Colloboration with IIEES) Estimation of the mainshock ground motions at t
he aftershock stations using the empirical Green function method.
Estimation of fragility curves of various Iranian buildings (adobe ～ RC) using the damage data.
Simple MasonryVmax
Dam
age
rati
o
G1
G5
15010050