Renaissance beyond Italy

19.2

Chapter 19

Section 2

Science and Education

• Mathematics could help understand the universe– Studied ancient math texts; built on it

• Created symbols still used today– Square root, positive and negative numbers

• Advances in math led to advances in other fields– Engineers, architects, astronomy

Spread of New Ideas

Paper Printing

• Johann Gutenburg– German– Printing Press

• Used movable type

– 1456 printed the bible: Gutenburg Bible• Written in Latin

New Universities

• Opened in France, Germany, and the Netherlands– Idea about value of individuals spread

throughout Europe– Only men could attend university

• Noble families would educate their daughters

Northern Renaissance

• Humanism spread; took more of a religious tone– Focused on the history of Christianity

• Northern scholars felt the Church had become corrupt– Led charge for reform

• Brought key changes to art– More realistic

Literature Beyond Italy

• Included Renaissance ideas in their works

• Wrote in the languages of their home countries

• Spain: Miguel de Cervantes– Don Quixote

• Poked fun at the Middle Ages

• England: William Shakespeare– Wrote more than 30 plays