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Importance of Microbiology

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تاریخچه میکروبیولوژی

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اهمیت میکروارگانیسم ها

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Importance of Microbiology

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Importance of Microbiology

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Importance of Microbiology

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Famous microbiologist In immunologyLouis Pasteur (1822 -1895).

Emil von (1901) Paul Ehrlich in 1912Margaret Pittman (1901-1995)Gerhard J Domagk (1935) Alexander Fleming (1928) William A Hinton (1883-1959Albert Shatz, E Bugie and Selman (1944PLANTS & SOILSergei Winogradsky, in 1890, in soil.

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General Microbiology : دیده غیرمسلح باچشم ها میکروارگانیسم تعریف

شوند نمی بندی طبقه به نیاز دلیل زنده موجودات بندی طبقه اولین : ميكروارگانيسمها بندي طبقه

: ساختارهسته Acaryotesبراساس

Prokaryotes

Eukaryotes

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General Microbiology ي نحوه و سلولي سايز براساس بندي طبقه

تغذيهVirusesBacteriaFungiAlgaeProtozoa

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Bacterial NumenclatureBinomial

nomenclatureGenus + SpeciesExample:

Escherichia coliBacillus cereusB. cereus

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General MicrobiologyBacteria

ShapeCoccusRodSpirillum

Bacteria ميكرومتر 10-1طول ميكرومتر 1-0.5عرض

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General MicrobiologyBacteria

Arrangment

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Bacteria colony

: از اجتماعی تعریفکه میکروبی سلولهای

والد سلول یک ازجامد محیط برروی

(Agar media) بهمیایند وجود

محیط در باکتری رشدباعث (Broth)مایع

. میشود محیط کدورت

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Bacteria Observation

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Bacteria structure

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Bacteria structure

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Bacterial pilus

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Bacterial Plasmid and pilli function

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Bacteril capsule

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Bacterial Capsule –Negative Staining

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Capsule Strurcture (Phagocytosis)

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Bacteria Sheath

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Bacterial sheath formation

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Bacterial Fine StructureCell wall structure

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Cell wall structure

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L- form Bacteria

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Protoplast formation and regeneration

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Bacterial Flagellum

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Bacterial Flagellum

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Bacterial cytoplasmic Membrane

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Bacterial Capsule

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Bacterial Outer membrane

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Bacterial Sheath

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Protozoa’s Stalk

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Bacterial Stalk

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Cytoplasmic membrane

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Ribosome Structure

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Bacterial Inclusion Bodies

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Bacterial Inclusion Bodies

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Endospore structure

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Endospore Structure

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Spore development

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Organism’s requirements for growth

EnergeyH2OCarbon sourceNitrogen sourceOxygenVitaminTrace elementsMacro elementsCo2

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Different sources of energeysLight (Phototrophs)Chemicals (Heterotrophs)

Different sources of Carbon Atmospheric CO2 (Autotrophs) Chemicals (Heterorotrophs) 1) Organic compounds (Organotrophs)

2) Inorganic compounds (Litotrophs)

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Growth requirements

Different steps of Microbial cultivation

1) Preparation of culture medium

2)Preparation of physical factors

3) Inoculation

4) Incubation

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Different Culture MediaDefinition of culture medium 1- Natural2- Syntethic

1- Organic2- Inorganic

1- Selective2- Differentica3- General

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Physical parameters required for bacterial growth

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Bacteria classificationKingdomDivisionClassOrderFamillyGenusSpeciesStrain

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Bacteria Classification

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Live organisms Classification

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Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes

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Archeabacteria

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Cyanobacteria

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Cyanobacteria

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Cyanobacteria

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Cyanobacteria colonies

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Organism reproductionWaterHydrogen sourceCarbon sourceNitrogen sourceOxygen Co2Trace elementsVitamins

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ClaSSIFICtion of BaCTERIA Acording to their carbon and

energy sourcesCarbon Sources : Autotroph

Heterotroph

Energy Source:Phototroph

Chemeotroph (Chemolitotroph and Chemoorganotroph)

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Bacterial binary fission

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VirusesDefinition

Classification , according to their host

Their main structure

Their Morphology

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Bacteriophages: Definition & History

Bacteriophages are viruses that infect and destroy bacteria.

They have been referred to as bacterial parasites, with each phage type depending on a single strain of bacteria to act as host.

Nucleic acid Nucleic acid CapsideCapside EnvelopeEnvelope tailtail

Bacteriophages: Classification At present, over 5000

bacteriophages have been identified by electron microscopy and can be divided into 13 virus families. Based on morphology

and nucleic acid are classified

Double stranded DNA, Enveloped

Double stranded DNA,Non-enveloped

Myoviridae

Siphoviridae

Podoviridae

P2

T2

λ

P22

Tectiviridae PRD1

Corticoviridae PM2

Single-stranded DNA

Inoviridae M13 & fd

Microviridae ΦX174 Leviviridae

Single strande

d RNAMS2

Lipothrixviridae

TTV1

Fuselloviridae SSV1Plasmaviridae

Double stranded RNA

phi666

Cystoviridae

RudiviridaeSIRV 1, 2

13 Bacteriophage families

Bacteriophages: Lysogenic Cycle

Bacteriophages: Lysogenic Conversion

Some lysogenic phage carry genes that can enhance the virulence of the

bacterial host.For example, some phage carry genes that encode

toxins.

These genes, once integrated into the bacterial chromosome, can cause the

once harmless bacteria to release potent toxins that can cause disease .

Plant Viruses symptoms

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Animal Viruses

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Human Cancer

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