8/21/2019 0.12. Equipsent

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/012-equipsent 1/7

04/09/2014

1

1

What Treatment Systems are on theMarket?

SAFEMED III –  Ballast Water Training

EMSA, Lisboa - 3rd/4th September 2014

Brian Elliott

Senior Project Officer for Environmental Protection

EMSA 

Why Ballast Water Management?

• Approximately 3-4000 million t discharged every year in ports

• More than 10000 marine species transported every day in ballastwater accross the oceans

• Serious disturbance or alteration of ecosystems by invasive alienspecies (IAS)

• Ballast water most significant pathway of unintentionalintroduction of IAS

• Possible major socio-economic damage

• Possible threats to human health, e. g. through consumption of

contaminated food

2

8/21/2019 0.12. Equipsent

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/012-equipsent 2/7

04/09/2014

2

Why Ballast Water Treatment?

• Considered BW reception facilities

• Large amount of Ballast Water

• High cost for providing infrastucture

• Not all BW is discharged in ports

• Ships need to discharge at see to maintain stability andsafety.

• Ships need to discharge BW to enter shallow seas

• Ships need to discharge ballast water to enter port

• In order to catch and reduce all risks then treatment onship is the only option

• D-1 Standard – 200nm (50nm) – 200m deep. Cont shelf

• D-2 Standard - log (factor -4) reduction of normal levelsof plankton = reduction of 10000 to 1

3

BWM Techniques (I) • Solid-liquid separation (usually precedes chemical

physiochemical unit process)

1. Filtration:

In BWM usually backwashing system

BWM standards are size based ―> mesh size between10 and 50µm most common

More effective for larger particles/organisms

2. Hydrocyclones

Alternative technology to filtration

Water injected at high velocity ―> rotational motionof the water leads to separation of particles fromwater

Effectiveness depends on difference in density of

particle and surrounding water, size of particlespeed of rotation and residence time

4

8/21/2019 0.12. Equipsent

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/012-equipsent 3/7

04/09/2014

3

Solid-liquid separation (examples)

a) Filter Source: Lloyd’s Register 2012 b) Hydrocyclone

5

BWM Techniques (II) 

3. Coagulants:

Can be used to increase efficiency of filtering orhyrdocyclones;

Time dependent

Requires big tank

Efficiency can be increased by adding ancillary powder ofhigh density (e. g. magnetite or sand)

6

8/21/2019 0.12. Equipsent

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/012-equipsent 4/7

04/09/2014

4

Disinfection (I)• Chemical Disinfection

Chlorination/Electrochlorination: relatively inexpensive, butvirtually ineffective against cysts. Can lead to undesirablechlorinated by-products.

Ozonation: fewer harmful by-products, but requires relativelycomplex equipment to both produce and dissolve it into thewater

Chlorine dioxide: normally produced on the spot, but critical(reagents used are themselves hazardous)

Peracetic acid: infinitely soluble in water, few harmful

byproducts, relatively stable as Peraclean. Problem: relativelyexpensive, dosed at high level and require considerablestorage facilities

Hydrogen peroxide: see peracetic acid

Menadione / Vitamin K: natural product and safe to handle

• Pre-treatment desirable (filtering, hydrocyclones); post-treatment of residuals necessary

7

8

8/21/2019 0.12. Equipsent

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/012-equipsent 5/7

04/09/2014

5

Disinfection (II)• Physical Disinfection

Ultraviolet irradiation: most well established method; wellknown to be effective against wide range of micro-organisms(e. g. viruses and cysts); relies on good UV transmissionthrough the water ―> clear water and unfouled clean quartzsleeves needed for effectiveness; removal of water turbidityessential; UV can be enhanced by combining with anotherreagent, such as ozone, hydrogen dioxide or titanium dioxide

Deoxygenation: takes a couple of days to come into effectdue to the length of time it takes organisms to beasphyxiated

Cavitation: acts at the surface of the micro-organism anddisrupts the cell wall through the collapse of micro bubbles

Ultrasonic treatment: see cavitation

9

10

8/21/2019 0.12. Equipsent

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/012-equipsent 6/7

04/09/2014

6

Ballast Water Treatment Unit Processes applied byIndustry – 42 different systems.

• Solid-liquid separation:

Hydrocyclones: 3 systems

Filtration: 27 systems

Coagulants: 1 system

None: 11 systems

• Chemical disinfection:

Ozone: 7 systems

Chlorine: 3 systems

Electrochlorination: 12 systems

Menadion/Vitamin K: 4 systems

Rest: 4 systems

11

Ballast Water Treatment Unit Processes applied by

Industry (II)• Physical disinfection:

UV: 14 systems Deoxigenation: 5 systems

Heat: 1 system

Cavitation: 5 systems

Ultrasound: 2 systems

Advanced oxydation: 5 systems

12

8/21/2019 0.12. Equipsent

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/012-equipsent 7/7

04/09/2014

13

Any questions?

Thank you very much for your attention! 

maximilian.bauernfeind@emsa.europa.euwww.emsa.europa.eu