Post on 21-Mar-2016
description
The vertebrate story…
The vertebrate story…
The vertebrate story…
The vertebrate story…
AgnathaExtinct: Ostracoderms
*Coverd by bony armor
*Mostly small fish 2cm (some up to 2m)
*Small mouth openings
*4 openings on dorsal surface of head
*Extinct after abundance of jawed fishes on the scene
http://universe-review.ca/I10-27-jawlessfish.jpg
AgnathaExtant: “Cyclostomes”Hagfish and Lamprey
*Are not as closely related as might appear
*Hagfish are scavengers that lack the rasping denticles of lamprey
*Most Lamprey are parasitic
http://www.exploretheabyss.com/photo/gallery/gallery/ds_trawl/images/HagfishLR.jpg
http://www.nwrc.usgs.gov/world/images/lamprey.jpg
http://www.glaucus.org.uk/sea-lamprey-sucker-RL.jpg
Extant Jawless fishes…
http://tolweb.org/Vertebrata
Extant Jawless fishes…
http://www.bio.uio.no/akv/english/research/mzk/benthos_pictures.html
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g8pONkTyk2c http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NYRr_MrjebA&NR=1
Extant Jawless fishes…
http://bakkouz.net/pix/Hagfish.jpg
http://sophont.blogspot.com/2004_02_01_archive.html
Extant Jawless fishes…
http://www.uoregon.edu/~joet/Pictures-Pages/Image5.html
http://a.abcnews.com/Technology/AmazingAnimals/popup?id=4958186&contentIndex=1&page=6&start=false
http://www.gma.org/fogm/myxine_glutinosa.htm
Extant Jawless fishes…
Broad-gilled Hagfishhttp://www.austmus.gov.au/fishes/fishfacts/fish/ecirrhatus5.htm
http://www.austmus.gov.au/fishes/fishfacts/fish/ecirrhatus6.htm
Broad-gilled Hagfish
Extant Jawless fishes…
Extant Jawless fishes…
Extant Jawless fishes…
Extant Jawless fishes…
http://www.daylife.com/photo/0g1T92TaxK623
http://www.daylife.com/photo/0e9DdRDaeV8qa
Extant Jawless fishes…
http://www.gma.org/fogm/Petromyzon_marinus.htm
Extant Jawless fishes…
Extant Jawless fishes…
http://www.gma.org/fogm/Petromyzon_marinus.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Boca_de_lamprea.1_-_Aquarium_Finisterrae.JPG
http://www.biology.duke.edu/bio217/2005/ncy/sea%20lamprey.html
Extant Jawless fishes…
http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/News/2005/September/03100501.asp
Extant Jawless fishes…
http://oregonstate.edu/dept/ODFW/NativeFish/Lamprey.htm
Extant Jawless fishes…
Extant Jawless fishes…
Extant Jawless fishes…
Extant Jawless fishes…
Extant Jawless fishes…
Gnathostomes3 groups appeared in the Paleozoic:
1) Placoderms (ex. Arthrodires) had large boney plates and paired fins
http://www.noaca.org/earlgeo.gif
http://www.cnrs.fr/cw/dossiers/dosevol/imgArt/dioram/PaleozoDevon/Zimg/dicksonosteus.jpg
Gnathostomes3 groups appeared in the Paleozoic:
2) Chondrichthyans (cartilagenous fishes)*Includes sharks, rays, skates, and ratfish
*Cartilaginous skeletons
*Many with placoids
*No bony operculum
http://www.lifeglobe.com/images/product/Sharks/sharks04_r2_c2.jpg
http://www.pangaeadesigns.com/_graphics/page/fish/large/ratfish.jpg
Gnathostomes3 groups appeared in the Paleozoic:
3) Teleostomes (spiny and bony fishes)
*Acanthodians are (spiny fishes) are extinct
*Had skeleton of bone and cartilage
*Had an operculum
http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/images/R-acanthodians.gif
OsteichthyansShared ancestors with tetrapods
Have an air sac
Dermal bone
Paired fins… either ray finned (actinopterygii) or fleshy finned (sarcopterygii)
http://www.paleodirect.org/fg009.htm
ActinopterygiiBasal groups include Sturgeon and Paddlefish
http://www.hellscanyonsportfishing.com/images/sturgeon%20pictures/Kevin%20&%20Sturgeon%202.jpg
http://www.digimorph.org/specimens/Polypterus_senegalus/whole/specimen.jpg
ActinopterygiiAdvanced groups include Gars, Bowfins and Teleosts (most other bony fish)
http://www.sdafs.org/laafs/Amazing%20Fish%20Pictures/Big%20Alligator%20Gar%2009-03.JPG
SarcopterygiiHave fleshy lobed fins, internal nares and a bony operculum
2 major clades:
Actinistians, extinct except “coelocanths”
Rhipidistians (and dipnoi)“lungfish”
http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/16cm05/1116/34-14-Coelocanth.jpg
http://www.bertsgeschiedenissite.nl/geschiedenis%20aarde/lungfish.jpg
Amphibia*Paraphyletic group… omitting amniote descendants
*Extinct groups include Labrynthodonts (Ichthyostega)
*Extant group (Lissamphibia) includes:
Apoda (caecilians)
Urodela (salamanders)
Anura (frogs)
http://news.siu.edu/news/May05/images/salamander.jpg
http://www.yesnet.yk.ca/schools/wes/webquests_themes/frogs_theme/frogs_K/frog_species/barred/images/
barred_leaf_frog_jpg.jpg
http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/science/media/Btaitanus-PC1b.jpg
AmniotesGroup includes Reptiles and Synapsids
Reptilia (paraphyletic)
Chelonia (testudinea) “turtles”
Rhynchocephalians “tuatara”
Squamates “lizards, snakes etc.”
Crocodylians “crocodiles” etc.
Aves “birds”
SynapsidsAmniotes with synapsid skull, hair, mammary glands & nipples (most)
Mammalia
Monotremata
Mammalia
Marsupialia
Mammalia
Insectivora
Mammalia
Xenarthra
Mammalia
Tubulidentata
Mammalia
Pholidota
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Mammalia
Primates
Mammalia
Lagomorpha
Mammalia
Rodentia
Mammalia
Carnivora
Mammalia
Pinnipedia
Mammalia
Perissodactyla
Mammalia
Atriodactyla
Mammalia
Hyracoidea
Mammalia
Proboscidea
Mammalia
Sirenia
Mammalia
Cetacea