Post on 28-Apr-2015
description
Newsgathering Transmission Techniques of the Future
Kevin Dennis
October 5, 2012
Orlando Ennes Workshop
Vislink is Built on a Firm Foundation
“Remote location based live
coverage is the heart of coverage is the heart of
Newsgathering”
• Advancements in video encoding technology
– H.264 versus MPEG-2
• Advancements in licensed microwave technology
– Implementing HD/SD H.264 encoding
– Modulation, FEC, high power Linear Amps
Presentation Outline
• Advancements in bandwidth capacity of public
access networks (Cellular and Wi-Fi)
– 3G, 4G, LTE, WiMax
– HD/SD Bonded Cellular Video Transmission
• Comparison of strengths and weaknesses of
licensed microwave transmission versus public
network transmissions
• Advancements in video encoding technology
• Advancements in licensed microwave technology
• Advancements in bandwidth capacity of public
Newsgathering Transmission Techniques of the Future
• Advancements in bandwidth capacity of public
access networks (Cellular and Wi-Fi)
• Comparison of strengths and weaknesses of licensed
microwave transmission versus public network
transmissions
H.264 (MPEG-4 AVC / Part10) versus MPEG-2
• H.264/MPEG-4 AVC is a block-oriented motion-compensation based codec standard
• First version of the standard was completed in 2003
• H.264 video compression is significantly more efficient than
MPEG-2 encoding providing two-fold improvement as compared
to MPEG-2
• H.264 HD encoding not excessively expensive to implement as
compared to MPEG-2
H.264 (MPEG-4 AVC) vs. MPEG-2
H.264 is approximately twice as efficient as MPEG-2
Video quality comparison of H.264 (solid blue line with squares) and MPEG-2 (dotted red line with circles) as a function of bit rate compared to 100 Mbps source material.
H.264 (MPEG-4 AVC) vs. MPEG-2
Low Motion Video - there is very little video quality
difference between H.264 and MPEG-2
Video Images posted by Jan Ozer, Video Technology Instructor
H.264 (MPEG-4 AVC) vs. MPEG-2
High Motion Video - H.264 retains image
continuity while MPEG-2 becomes “blocky”
Video Images posted by Jan Ozer, Video Technology Instructor
H.264 AVC versus MPEG-2 HD Encoding Features
MPEG-2
• 4:2:0MP@HL, 4:2:2MP@HL, 8-80Mbps
• Good HD picture quality from as little as 12Mbps (MPEG-2)
• Contribution quality at ~18Mbps
• Low Latency ~50mS (decoder dependent)• Low Latency ~50mS (decoder dependent)
H.264 (AVC)
• Good HD picture quality from as little as 5Mbps (H.264)
• Contribution quality at ~10Mbps
• Low Latency ~300mS (decoder dependent)
• Advancements in video encoding technology
• Advancements in licensed microwave technology
• Advancements in bandwidth capacity of public
Newsgathering Transmission Techniques of the Future
• Advancements in bandwidth capacity of public
access networks (Cellular and Wi-Fi)
• Comparison of strengths and weaknesses of licensed
microwave transmission versus public network
transmissions
Digital ENG Contribution Techniques
Microwave Transmit Systems
o Mobile (truck/van, SNG/ENG)
o Portable (tripod or airborne)
o Wireless Camerao Wireless Camera
High-Definition H.264 (AVC)
• H.264 (MPEG-4 Part 10)
• Video compression standard is a
two-fold improvement in efficiency
compared with MPEG-2
•Able to transmit high-definition
video at low bit rates using DVB-T
(COFDM) with greater range and
Vid
eo
Qu
alit
y
(COFDM) with greater range and
reliability than systems using HD
MPEG-2 compression
•H.264 is well suited for the real
world of ENG Newsgathering from
mobile platforms in multipath rich
environments.
Vid
eo
Qu
alit
y
Video quality comparison of H.264 (solid blue line with squares) and MPEG-2 (dotted red line with circles) as a function of bit rate compared to 100 Mbps source material.
DVB-T (COFDM) Bandwidth
Code
RateQPSK 16
QAM64
QAMQPSK 16
QAM64
QAMQPSK 16
QAM64
QAMQPSK 16
QAM64
QAM
1/2 4.98 9.95 14.93 5.53 11.06 16.59 5.85 11.71 17.56 6.03 12.06 18.10
2/3 6.64 13.27 19.91 7.37 14.75 22.12 7.81 15.61 23.42 8.04 16.09 24.13
1/4 Guard 1/8 Guard 1/16 Guard 1/32 Guard
2/3 6.64 13.27 19.91 7.37 14.75 22.12 7.81 15.61 23.42 8.04 16.09 24.13
3/4 7.46 14.93 22.39 8.29 16.59 24.88 8.78 17.56 26.35 9.05 18.10 27.14
5/6 8.29 16.59 24.88 9.22 18.43 27.65 9.76 19.52 29.27 10.05 20.11 30.16
7/8 8.71 17.42 26.13 9.68 19.35 29.03 10.25 20.49 30.74 10.56 21.11 31.67
Note: Payload data throughput is scaled down by 1/4 for 6 MHz bandwidth systems and by 7/8 for 7 MHz systems
COFDM System Numbers - 2 GHz
QPSK 1/2 +38 dBm -95.0 dBm
QPSK 3/4 +38 dBm -93.0 dBm
Mode Pout LabThreshold
16 QAM 1/2 +36 dBm -90.0 dBm
16 QAM 3/4 +36 dBm -86.5 dBm
64 QAM 1/2 +33 dBm -84.5 dBm
64 QAM 3/4 + 33 dBm -78.5 dBm
RF Advancements and Improvements
• Existing 5W Digital power amplifiers can be replaced with
ultra-linear 10W Digital power amps
– Provides 3dB additional system gain
– Higher MER performance
• Pre-Distortion correction for wireless camera systems
– Internal feedback circuit to further linearize RF spectral mask– Internal feedback circuit to further linearize RF spectral mask
LMS-T Advanced Modulation
• Link Research designed modulation
– Derivative of DVB-T
– 9.4MHz spectrum (c.f. 7.61MHz of ‘8MHz’ DVB-T)
– LDPC error correction scheme
• Overall LMS-T has 65% more throughput than • Overall LMS-T has 65% more throughput than DVB-T (COFDM) and has more robust RF performance
• Ideal for HD Wireless Camera systems
• Ultra-Low Latency ~45mS
• Advancements in video encoding technology
• Advancements in licensed microwave technology
• Advancements in bandwidth capacity of public
Newsgathering Transmission Techniques of the Future
• Advancements in bandwidth capacity of public
access networks (Cellular and Wi-Fi)
• Comparison of strengths and weaknesses of licensed
microwave transmission versus public network
transmissions
Advancements in Public Access Networks
• 3G – Third Generation• Upload speeds ~ 200 - 800 Kbps
• 4G – Fourth Generation
• Upload speeds ~ 1 - 5 Mbps
• LTE – Long Term Evolution
• Upload speeds ~ 5 – 7 Mbps
• WiFi – wireless local area network
• Speeds ~ 300 – 600 Kbps
• WiMAX - Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
• Speeds ~ 1 – 4 Mbps
• 3G – Third Generation• Upload speeds ~ 200 - 800 Kbps
• 4G – Fourth Generation
• Upload speeds ~ 1 - 5 Mbps
Advancements in Public Access Networks
• LTE – Long Term Evolution
• Upload speeds ~ 5 – 7 Mbps
• WiFi – wireless local area network
• Speeds ~ 300 – 600 Kbps
• WiMAX - Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
• Speeds ~ 1 – 4 Mbps
Live Portable Cellular Video Transmission Systems
• Live HD/SD – almost anywhere, almost any time
• 3G/4G LTE Bonded Cellular Modems
• H.264 (AVC) HD/SD Encoding
• Dynamic Bandwidth Optimization
• WiFi Reception and Transmission
• Supports multiple camera interfaces
• Supports file transfer
• IFB comms
• Wireless Edge Device Remote Control
• IP Termination Receiver
21
Bonded Cellular Transmission
• Simultaneously aggregates available bandwidth from multiple
cellular network connections– creates a single virtual “high-speed” bandwidth connection
• Multiple cellular providers “bonded” together– improves network upload speeds– improves network upload speeds
– improves network connection persistence
• Can be implemented with various service provider’s modems– 3G, 4G, LTE, WiFi
• Uses H.264 HD/SD Adaptive Bit Rate (ABR) Encoding to transmit
live video via public access networks over the internet
• ABR dynamically adjusts the encoder’s video data rate (typ. Mbps)
adapting to the fluctuations characteristic of cellular networks
Cellular Video Transmission Workflow Diagram
• Advancements in video encoding technology
• Advancements in licensed microwave technology
• Advancements in bandwidth capacity of public
Newsgathering Transmission Techniques of the Future
• Advancements in bandwidth capacity of public
access networks (Cellular and Wi-Fi)
• Comparison of strengths and weaknesses of licensed
microwave transmission versus public network
transmissions
Advantages & Limitations of Legacy Newsgathering
Advantages
• High bandwidth (Fat Pipe)
at minimal OPEX
• Rapid deployment
Advantages
� Very rapid deployment
� No expensive vehicles
� Good coverage indoors
Advantages
� Unlimited coverage area
� Worldwide spectrum
access
Terrestrial ENG Diversity WCSDigital SNG
• Rapid deployment
• Wide coverage area
• Dependable/Reliable
Disadvantages
• Requires skilled operators
• Requires heavyweight
vehicles
• Leased receive sites are
expensive
• One-way transmissions
� Good coverage indoors
and across densely
populated city centers
� Best option for “moving
event” coverage
Disadvantages
� Limited coverage area
� Camera battery powered
� Must own or lease
receive sites
access
� Single to multiple
distribution points
Disadvantages
� Requires very costly
vehicles
� Must pay recurring
satellite usage fees
� Requires skilled operators
HD/ SD Newsgathering via
Bonded 3G / 4G NetworksAdvantages
• Story acquisition without
spectrum licenses, expensive
vehicles or costly
infrastructure
• One button operation
• Dispatch non-technical
trained Journalists / trained Journalists /
Freelancers
But…
• No coverage guarantees
• 3G/4G bandwidth is limited
and asymmetrical
• latency can be several
seconds
• Civil authorities may override
• Cellular congestion
HD SDI
NLE
3G/4GBonded
Ideal for spot story coverage and fill-in content
Cellular Video Transmission vs. Licensed Microwave
CONS PROS
• Variable data rate availability vs. Fixed data throughput
• Unpredictable signal strength vs. Relatively stable receive carrier level (RSL)
• Unknown “network” availability vs. Pre-determined frequency coordination
• Eminent domain black-outs vs. Secure specific user spectrum allocation• Eminent domain black-outs vs. Secure specific user spectrum allocation
• Limited to Network accessibility vs. Controlled portable deployment (ENG/SNG)
PROS CONS
• Lower Capex/Opex vs. higher Capex and complex/costly infrastructure support
• Immediate venue accessibility vs. Scheduled venue event coordination
• Inexperienced technical operators vs. Experienced ENG/SNG operators
• Portable system design (hand-carry) vs. Larger hardware infrastructure
Summary
• H.264 (AVC) HD/SD Encoding
– Very efficient encoding – roughly half the bandwidth required for same picture quality as MPEG-2
• Advancements in Licensed Microwave
– Use of H.264 encoding provides high quality, robust RF transmission/receptiontransmission/reception
– Strive for higher linearity / system gain
• Advancements in Public Access Networks
– Bandwidth and speeds are ever increasing
– Bonded Cellular video transmission
• Another tool for ENG and OB applications
• Dependent upon cellular coverage and infrastructure utilization
Questions?
Thank You!
Kevin Dennis
Regional Sales Manager
Kevin.Dennis@Vislink.com
978-671-5756