ܐ

ʾʾalaph

(silent; can have value of a or e)

ܒ

b

bet

ܓ

g

gamal

ܕ

d

dalat

ܗ

h

het

ܘ

w or v

waw / vav

Can also have value of o, u

ܙ

z

zayn

ܚ

h

het

( pronounced “ch” as in “loch”)

ܛ

t

tet

(a hard, emphatic “t”)

ܝܝܝ

y

yodh

ܟܟ ܟ

k

kap

Medial (L) and final (R) form

ܠ

l

lamad

ܡ

m

mim

ܢܢ ܢܢܢ

n

nun

medial (L) and two final (R) forms

ܣ

s

semkat

ܥ

ʿʿe

(pronounced in back of throat; “ghey”);transliterated with backward apostrophe

ܦ

p

pe

(pronounced, “pay”)

ܨ

s

sade

(“ts” sound as in “jets”)

ܩ

q

qop

ܪ

r

resh

ܫ

S

“sh” sound; shin

(“sheen”)

ܬ

t

taw / tav