中国学习者英语笔语中的词块能力研究

许家金中国外语教育研究中心北京外国语大学

Lexical Chunks in Chinese Learners’ Writing (WECCL)

Xu JiajinBeijing Foreign Studies University

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Interpretations

Contents

How to extract chunks in WS4?

Comparisons of chunks

Chunks

Other areas of collocation

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chunk

• 词块• http://home.henannu.edu.cn/fl/clweek/

pujz/chunks.ppt

• Chunk/lexical bundle/n-gram/multi-word unit (expression)/formulaic sequence/prefabs

• Cluster ( 词丛 ) in WordSmith

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Why is lexical chunk important?

• Break language into units on a probabilistic basis

• Recurrent

• Psychologically real

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Why is lexical chunk important?

• Form-function composite

• Can we build the entire edifice of language solely on lexical chunks?

• If not, what are the bricks & mortar of language?

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Lexical grammar

• Lexico-grammar

• Pattern grammar

• Construction grammar

• Collostruction

• etc

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Research question

• Are there any differences of chunk use between Chinese learners of English and NNS?

• What are some of the possible underlying reasons?

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Lexical chunk extraction in WS4

• Step 01

• Cluster in [Concord]: Focusing on individual words

WS4 中词块的自动提取

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Lexical chunk extraction in WS4

• Step 02 Cluster in [WordList]

• Indexing corpus data before computing cluster

WS4 中词块的自动提取

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Lexical chunk extraction in WS4

• Step 03 How to index a corpus?

• 1. [Settings-Index] First assign a name to the text(s) to be indexed

• 2. [Make/Add to Index] Then index the selected text(s)

• .tokens and .types pair

WS4 中词块的自动提取

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• Step 04 Extracting clusters in WordList

• [WordList-Open] *.tokens

• [Compute-Clusters]

• [File-Save]/[File-Save As]

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• 2-8 word cluster list 多词词表 of WECCL and LOCNESS

• weccl index 2-word clusters• …• weccl index 6-word clusters• locness index 2-word clusters• …• locness index 6-word clusters

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• Step 05 keyword list generation to test for chunk over- and under-use significance

• [Keyword list] － [New]• Reference corpus• Chi-square test 卡方检验• Log likelihood 对数拟然检验• Keyness p value ≤ .05

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类似研究

• 管博、郑树堂， 2005 ，中国大学生英语口语 Small Words 的研究，《外语教学与研究》第 6 期。

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Other tools for extracting lexical chunks

• Kfngram William Fletcher √• Collocation Extraction• C-ngram

• N-gram PhraseExtract Tom Cobb’s Page

• PIE: Phrase in English Fletcher

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A quick summary

• Chunk defined

• How to extract chunks from a corpus with WS4

• How to compare chunks with keyword

• Interpretation

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• A bibliography of chunk research

• Aspects of collocation study

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www.ddyyx.com/wqf.rar ../lmc.rar ../wlf.rar

../xjj.rarwww.corpus4u.com

Thank you!

Lexical_JJ Chunks_NN2 in_II Chinese_JJ Learners’ _NN2

Writing_NN1

Xu Jiajinustcxujj@sina.com