Transcript of Δημόσιο Δίκαιο & Οικονομικά
- 1. (8) 1. . 2. . 3. . 4. . 5. . 6. . 7. . 8. . (10) (scarcity).
. . - . (efficiency). . . . (opportunity cost). , . (marginal
changes). . . - , , . (market failure). - . (externality). .
(market power). ( - / ) .
- 2. : . - 5 . 17 . - - . , . : , , - 5 -. "" , "" " " 2 . , - 15
. , - : 10 . = 10 = 10 = 2 = 15 = 15 = 2 = 5 = 5 , - . ; Omerta
(Mafia) (social norms)
- 3. & 1, 2006 . . , .(.. ): . . , . () . , . . .1960,
GaryBecker(Nobel1992) .GaryBecker . RonaldCoase GuidoCalabresiYale
() (). ; . : , . (), ., . . (rational choicetheory).,
- 4. , & 1, 2006 2 . ( )., , ,. ;, ., ,. (constraints) . . ,
. . :() ,(), () . ; ( ). ; ! RichardPosner(commonlaw), . ; , ., .
(PaulRubin) () (trial&error). ;, Richard Posner, ,.
- 5. , & 1, 2006 3 , . . ., . ; ; ; (), . , .. . , . . , ,,
.DavidGauthier ! (. = ). (). ; Herbert Simon, . , . , , . , . ,
(bounded rationality). , , , . ; homoeconomicus, .
- 6. , & 1, 2006 4 ., ,., , ; ; ,.
(utilitymaximizationhypothesis). .. ., , ( ).
(maximizationofutilityunderconstraints) . ; , , , ! . ;: :, . ,; ,
. : de gustibus non est disputandum ( , ). ., . . ,; :exante(
)expost().; , . .
- 7. , & 1, 2006 5 , . . , (), . ,; . . .. ;. . . ., , .; ; ;
. , ( ). , . ,(Law&Economics ); (..), ( ) .
- 8. * - - - - -
- 9. - - - - - - - - - - 1
- 10. - - - 3 - - - Mechanical Jurisprudence - - - - elegentia
juris logical
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- 15. - - - - - - - - - - - -
- 16. - - - - - - - - - moral hazard
- 17. - - - - - - - - -
- 18. - - - - - - - - - -
- 19. - - - - - - no-fault divorce - - - -
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- 23. - - - surrogate mother - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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- 29. - - - - - - 13 - -
- 30. Criminal Justice - - - - - - -
- 31. Journal of Political Economy Journal of Political Economy
Journal of Political Economy Journal of Political Economy for
Health Ministers of Current Arrangements for Payments and
Regulation (Report Journal of Legal Studies North Carolina
Quarterly Journal of Economics Journal of Human Resources Patterns
of American Jurisprudence
- 32. Portuguese Economic Journal American Journal of Legal
History Quarterly Journal of Economics Journal of Economic
Perspectives Journal of Political Economy Journal of Political
Economy The Problems of Jurisprudence Journal of Legal Studies
Journal of Legal Studies
- 33. Journal of Legal Studies Economic Inquiry The Global
Economics of a Changing Environment Consequences for Women and
Children in America Yale - - - - Homo Economicus Homo Sociologicus
Homo Juridicus
- 34. - - - Cogito
- 35. Law in Books and Law in Action
- 36. 2 8 - 9 2011, : - .
- 37. . 31 . Coase 1, . & / , . . - (constraints) . - - , . -
. : , 1. , & & . . - Ronald Coase Coase 1991 ( 1991).
Ronald Coase . Ronald Coase , - - Richard Posner - . Coase - - .
2004 2005 , . 2011. . - - . - - Coase 2008 . - :
ahatzis@phs.uoa.gr.
- 38. 32 . , - . ( ) - ( ) . - 2 - . - Ronald H. Coase.3 ( 1991)4
: - . Coase ( George Stigler) , . Coase - ( ) , , - .5 Coase ( / ),
, Richard Posner - Guido Calabresi. - - , . 2. 20 ( )
(institutional economics, Thorstein Veblen, John R. Commons, . .) -
(Rutherford 2001). 3. O Ronald Coase 1910 . 29 2011 101 . London
School of Economics 1935 1951 . . . (SUNY-Buffalo) - . 1964 . 4.
Ronald Coase . Commerce London School of Economics 1930 ( ) - . - .
- Arnold Plant. . (2012b). 5. , - . . (2008).
- 39. . 33 . Coase Coase ( 1950) (externality) (market failure).
- ( ) . . , , - (internalize) - .6 . . - 12.000 15.000, . 11.000
4.000 ( ) . , . - . Arthur Pigou (1920) - : , , . , . Coase Pigou -
. ( ) . Coase , - , (negative externalities). O Coase . .
(reciprocal) . ( Coase) , . , 6. - .
- 40. 34 . , , Coase, - . Coase 1950 . . . - . . . B. Gttingen
Chicago Coase 19 Rudolf von Jhering (1818-1892) Karl Marx. Jhering
(1913 [1877-1883]), 7 . . . . . 20 - , (1961: 22) - : - , . O Coase
Jhering: ( - ) - . - . Jhering - - . ; ; - ; Jhering , - , - . , ,
- . : - , , - . , , Ronald Coase - 7. ( - ).
- 41. . 35 : . . , Coase (1960)8 - - . - , , - . - ( )9 - . .10 :
; ( ) o ( , ). . , . - 8. Coase (Coase 1959). 1959, Coase Chicago (
. Stigler 2003 [1988]: 75 - Coase ). (Stigler id. 75-79) Coase - 20
( - ). Coase Milton Friedman. . - Milton Friedman . - . . . , , - .
Milton , . ( Coase Thomas W. Hazlett Reason 1997). Stigler (2003
[1988]: 76) : . Milton Friedman , . , . 20-1 Coase 21 Coase. !.
Coase The Problem of Social Cost (Coase 1960). - . 9. . . , - . (
...). 10. Coase (Sturges v. Bridgman, 1 Ch. D. 852 [1879]) , 60
.
- 42. 36 . , , . - Jhering. , Coase, - . , Coase, ! Coase - 1959
. . .11 . - 14 , ( - ). ( ) ( , . . ). , , , . . - 1.000.000
1.500.000 . , - 1.500.000, . 1.500.000, 1.000.000 1.500.000 - . - (
1.000.000 1.500.000 ). 1.500.000 - 1.000.000 . - , 1.500.000. -
1.000.000 1.500.000 . - , - ( 1.000.000 1.500.000 ). , . ( ) -
(500.000 ) - . (efficient allocation of resources) - 11.
Fontainebleau Hotel Corp. v. Forty-Five Twenty-Five, Inc. 114 So.
2d 357.
- 43. . 37 , . - . . Coase ( : !) Coase - : ! (allocation of
rights).12 , ( - , ). , - ! Coase: - ( ), . ; . - , - . . 150 ( 151
) 175, / . - ( - ). (wealth effect). - . - super market - . - . ( )
. - ( ) ; - ; , (willingness to pay) : : . : o . , ( ) . Coase ( )
(positive version). . Coase . : - 12. , (Stigler 2003 [1988]:
76).
- 44. 38 . ( ).13 - .14 ( Coase) - . , - - - . - . , - sine qua
non - . ( ), - ( ) - . , (= ) - , , - ( ) . - ( ) ( - ;). - . - ; .
- . ; - , . . 13. Coase . , , . 14. [T]he market, like an
untameable river, will knock out attempts to alter its mighty
course. (Kelman 1979: 675).
- 45. . 39 , - (distributive effects). . . . : - 1.500.0000
1.000.000. , ( - 1.000.000 ), 1.500.000 ( 500.000). , , - : - .15 :
, - Coase. 16 - Coase - . 15. Coase . (Coase 1988: 170-174). 16.
George Stigler. Stigler - Coase , Coase (Coase theorem): - (Under
perfect competition private and social costs will be equal)
(Stigler 1966: 113). Stigler ( . - Pindyck and Rubinfeld 1995: 643:
- , - , - .) Coase - Coase (1988: 15, 174): (Coasian) . - . , [] -
- . . George Stigler ( . ) . - Coase ( Stigler) . - Coase ( .
Cooter 1982 Coase Posner 1993).
- 46. 40 . . Coase ( : ) Coase ( ) : , , - . , , . - , - . R.H.
Coase - . Coase - ( ). (transaction cost), , . , . ; : , , - , , ,
, ( ). - - , . Coase - 1930, The Nature of the Firm (1937). Coase -
, . , . - (outsourcing), , (in-house production) . . - . Coase : .
- , , - . :
- 47. . 41 (search cost). . 100 80 60 . 5 30 , - ( 85 90 ).
(negotiation cost). (haggling cost) (drafting cost) . - - (hold
up). . . ( ) - (take it or leave it) - . . ( ) . , - , , . -
(opportunistic behavior) 17 (long-term contract) (relation-specific
investment) ( . . - - ). (enforcement cost) (monitoring cost) . , ,
, ,18 . - 17. (coordination cost). 18. . : Eh! Monsieur, de quoi
parlez- vous l, et quoi vous rsolvez-vous? Jetez les yeux sur les
dtours de la justice; voyez combien d'ap- pels et de degrs de
juridiction, combien de procdures embarrassantes, combien d'animaux
ravissants par les griffes desquels il vous faudra passer,
sergents, procureurs, avocats, greffiers, substituts, rap-
porteurs, juges, et leurs clercs. Il n'y a pas un de tous ces
gens-l qui, pour la moindre chose, ne soit capable de donner un
soufflet au meilleur droit du monde. [] Eh! Monsieur, si vous le
pouvez, sauvez- vous de cet enfer-l. Cest tre damn ds ce monde que
davoir plaider, et la seule pense dun pro- cs serait capable de me
faire fuir jusquaux Indes. [] Mais, pour plaider, il vous faudra de
largent: il vous en faudra pour lexploit; il vous en faudra pour le
contrle; il vous en faudra pour la procura-
- 48. 42 . . - . . . service. Coase , - , - - . : (moral norms) -
(social norms) , (Kessler 2004). . . ( ) - , ( ) - , , - .19 - . .
. - 1458 (Hatzis 2003). . . , . ( ) (endowment effect status quo
bias) : - .20 200.000 ( - ) tion, pour la prsentation, conseils,
productions, et journes du procureur; il vous en faudra pour les
consultations et plaidoiries des avocats, pour le droit de retirer
le sac, et pour les grosses dcritures; il vous en faudra pour le
rapport des substituts, pour les pices de conclusion, pour
lenregistrement du greffier, faon dappointement, sentences et
arrts, contrles, signatures, et expditions de leurs clercs, sans
parler de tous les prsents quil vous faudra faire. (Molire, Les
Fourberies de Scapin, 1671, Acte II, Scne V). 19. . Thaler (1988) (
. . ultimatum game). 20. . Kahneman, Knetch and Thaler (1990).
- 49. . 43 200.000. 200.000 . (wealth effect) - . 100 60 900 55,
5 . - (law of diminishing marginal utility) - . 1 10 , - 2.000 .21
(asymmetric information) (overoptimism) - . - . ( - ) 250, 300
(reservation price). 280, - - . (adverse selection): : . . . - .
50% - 50% . - 5% 10% . - 7,5%. . - .22 (cost-saving devices).23 21.
B . Viscusi (1978) - Associated Press, Clooney Pays $20 at Kids
Lemonade Stand. (Washington Post, April 5, 2007). 22. . (Genesove
1993). Akerlof (1970). 23. . Ellickson (1986) - .
- 50. 44 . (trust), (reputation),24 - (reciprocity) , (social
capital) . . . A .25 , . - : ( , ) ( ), . - . ( ) - .26 - . , - , -
. , - / . - . ( ) : S > TC S = , TC = 24. . Kornhauser (1983).
25. . : (Bernstein 1992). 26. . (trust) . - ( - ).
- 51. . 45 , ( ) : S < TC S = , TC = ( ) : - . . - . - Coase
(positive Coase theorem). Coase - , - 27 .28 - , , - . - . Coase -
. . - . 27. Coase - (this is, of course, a very unrealistic
assumption (1960: 16) : - . - . - . (Coase 1988: 15). Stigler
(1972: 12) : - . 28. - . . (Coase 1988: 15). . Posner (1993).
- 52. 46 . . - .29 - , . . - . , - . , Coase : ( ) Coase: - ( ) ,
, - , . , - . . Coase ( : ) Coase . Ronald Coase - ( - ) . Coase .
- (normative Coase theorem) Coase. - , - : - , . (Coase 1960: 19).
29. - . (Coase 1960: 16)
- 53. . 47 . ; Coase . - . . (Coase 1960: 18) - . - , - - , -
(Coase 1960: 19-28). . Coase: Coase, , - . Coase,30 ( ) Richard
Posner.31 Posner Coase . 1973 - Economic Analysis of Law32 : .
(Posner 2010: 3). Posner Coase : - . - - . . Posner - (Posner 1979:
120). 30. O Coase (1978) . 31. Richard Posner 1939 . 1969 1981
Ronald Reagan 7 ( 1993 2000). . 32. 2010 8 (Posner 2010).
- 54. 48 . (hypothetical consent). : - - , . - , . , - , (Posner
1980, 1983). Posner - .33 - . Peevyhouse v. Garland Coal &
Mining Co.34 . 1954 . . . Peevyhouse Garland - - . - - . -
($29.000) ( $300) . Garland Peevyhouse $5.000. $300, . , - $29.000
Garland $300 Peevyhouse. - $29.000 - $300. . - - . - . : - . 33. .
Jules Coleman (1982). 34. 382 P.2d 109 (Okl. 1962).
- 55. . 49 Posner - . Guido Calabresi35 , ( ) , - . ( ) -
(Calabresi 1970: 150-152). - - ( - ) . - , , - , - 36 .37 Coase - -
. - (market failures) 1960. , , ( )38 . Coase ad hoc .39 . 35.
Guido Calabresi 1932. Yale, 1985 1994, Bill Clinton 2 . . .
Calabresi Ronald Coase Richard Posner (founders) . 36. , , - . .
37. (wealth effect). Calabresi . - . 38. . Foka-Kavalieraki and
Hatzis (2009). 39. . Douglass North (1990).
- 56. 50 . . . . , . , - , . Garrett Hardin 1968, ( , - . - . )40
- . Coase ( 2001: 59). - Coase. Guido Calabresi41 . - Calabresi . .
- ( ) , ( ) . . - (property rule) - ( ). (liability rule) - . 40. ,
1261b. 41. Douglas Melamed (1972).
- 57. . 51 ( ) . - . ( , - , ) . - . . - ( / promisee) .42
Calabresi, , ( )43 - . - ( ) . , - . , (forced sale) ( ) .
Peevyhouse v. Garland. - ( - ). (allocatively efficient), . ,
Calabresi , . - (inalienability). T ( , ), . - ( ), - ( / - ), ( /
).44 178 : . 45 - . - (self-determination) 42. (2010). 43.
Calabresi Common Law. . . (2001: 74-81). 44. . Hatzis (2006) . 45.
- ( , , , , .).
- 58. 52 . (self-ownership). (Hatzis 2003). Coase . ( ) . . .
Ronald Coase , . - ( 2012a). , - ( - ) : ( ) .46 - 47 - : ( , - , ,
, , .) ( . . ) ( ) ( , , - , , , 30 - - ) 46. , ( , 6 2011). 47. (
. . , , .)
- 59. . 53 , , 21 - . .48 2009 , 250.000 6.500 , , , 3.245 ( - ).
, , , . , 49 - .50 . ( ) . - 2007-8,51 2010 15 1.101, . . 8 417. -
. - 100 182 ,52 , , , , , . , 155 135 . 119 141 - (foreign direct
investment)53 48. . , ( , 13 2009). 49. . , - , , , - , - . , , - ,
( . 13/1/2009). 50. , , , , , . ( . 6/3/2011). 51. 30 1.366, . . 12
485. . ( , 29 2010). 52. . Doing Business 2012: Doing Business in a
More Transparent World. Washington, DC: World Bank. 150 . 53. ,
-
- 60. 54 . World Investment Report UNCTAD.54 . 83 2010-11 ( 71 !)
139 27.55 .56 ( ) . (i) , (ii) , (iii) , (iv) .57 . , - - . , , , ,
. ., - [] - - 1,2 . Costa avarino S . , 3.000 , , 12 1997 2009 . 20
, 600 , - 80 , 1.200 . , 60 , 25 40 . ( . 7/4/2011). . , : 30 ( ),
2010. 54. . World Investment Report 2011: Non-Equity Modes of
International Production and Development. Geneva: United Nations
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and Pelagidis (2009). ( , 17 2011) Suzanne Daley, Push to End Job
Barriers Rattles Greece and Economy (New York Times, Oct. 14,
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- 61. . 55 ( ) , - civil society58 . 59 - 78 178 60 80 182 . .
(trust) , - , 85 110 , . - 16% . (107 110) (7% ) (3% ) !61 - , , -
. Index of Economic Freedom (mostly unfree), 119 179 , , , . - ,
.62 , ; Wall Street Journal, .63 58. civil society . . 59. .
Transparency International, Annual Report 2010. Berlin:
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2011. Berlin: Transparency International, 2011. 61. . The 2011
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, , . Coase - - . Richard Posner Coase. . - (Hatzis 2002). . Guido
Calabresi - . . - . - , , - . - .
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, . 2012b. ( - ).
- 66. [ . , 2012] . 1. . 2. . 3. . 4. . . In summary, this
theory, models the realities rather than the romances of political
institutions. James Buchanan, The Logical Foundations of
Constitutional Liberty (1999) 1. . . , , , ( ) - : - . - . . ,
...., , . - , , - - . : ahatzis@phs.uoa.gr. .
- 67. 1122 . (, , , ) - (, ) - , , , - . , - . (principal-agent
problem), - (agent) (principal), - - : . . , , . (informational
asymmetries) . . . - ( ), - . (moral hazard) : - . . . , , - .
(monitoring cost) . . , , - , ,
- 68. 1123 ( ), (signal) ( ), ex ante , . ( - ) - (agency costs).
- , . (transaction cost)1 , - , . , . , . 2. : 1. . - . , , - , .
1. , - , , . 1. - , , , ( - ) . 1. , Ronald Coase (1960). 2. , - ,
(impossibility theorem) Arrow, (single-peaked preferences), (median
voter) Black, ., Condorcet 18 .
- 69. 1124 . 1. . - . , . . , ( - ) . - , , (suboptimal) . , , -
: (rent-seeking). - - . , - - 3. 2. . (Public Choice Theory) - . ,
- (Rational Choice Theory)4. - , 3. GARRETT HARDIN (1968) . ( ). 4.
, . FOKA-KAVALIERAKI / HATZIS (2010).
- 70. 1125 , , . - , - , - , , , . , , , - ( ) , ( -scarcity, -
). - , , 5, , . , , - , , . - . - . ( - ) , , . (Constitutional
Economics) , - , , ( ) - . , - . , , - . 5. (other- regarding
preferences). ., , MARGOLIS (1984).
- 71. 1126 . (/) - : () - , () , () () . , - ( , - ., , Niskanen
1971), . - ( - ) , ( - ). - , - ( ). - , - , - , - , , . (Downs
1957, Buchanan and Tullock 1962 Olson 1965) - , . , 1960 () , , , .
6. - ( ) , - , . 3. . , 6. ., , SHUGHART / RAZZOLINI (2001),
MUELLER (2003), ROWLEY / SCHNEIDER (2004).
- 72. 1127 . ( - ). ( ) . - , ( )7. , - / /. - , . , ( ). , , , -
( ) : () , ( ), ( ). - ( , - , , , .), - 8. , (free-rider) 9. 7. ,
, JAMES BUCHANAN (politics without romance). 8. ANTHONY DOWNS
(1957) - . 9. -
- 73. 1128 . () - (rational ignorance). , - , ( , , cognitive
dissonance, .). , , . , , - ( ) , . . , , . , - . - . , - . , 10. ,
- , , ( ), . , , - ; - - , ( ). 10. . .
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